Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis(PAP)is a rare progressive respiratory dysfunction disease of the lung characterized by insidious onset and non-specific clinical manifestations,often leading to misdiagnosed and mistreated.Herein,we reported a case of PAP patient admitted to Jiading District Central Hospital with an atypical appearance of alveolar lavage fluid and whose condition improved significantly after treatment with subcutaneous injection of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor(GM-CSF).Additionally,we have reviewed and summarized the relevant literature to enhance the understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

Aim To explore the mechanism of Epimedii folium-Astmgali radix activating the SCF/c-kit signa-ling pathway to activate the PI3K/Akt signaling path-way and its effect on sperm production and vitality in oligoasthenospermia.Methods Sixty male SD rats were used to establish a model of oligoasthenospermia with cyclophosphamide.They were randomly divided into six groups:experimental group(further divided into high,medium,and low dose group),model group,control group and blank group.The oligoasthenosper-mia model was established by using cyclophosphamide in experimental group,levocarnitine group and model group.The rats in the high,medium,and low dose group of the experimental group were orally adminis-tered Epimedii folium-Astmgali radix extract at doses of 800,400,and 200 mg·kg-1,respectively,Once daily for 35 days.Rats of the control group were orally ad-ministered 250 mg·kg-1·d-1 of levocarnitine,Once daily for 35 days.ELISA was used to detect serum of T,E2,FSH,and LH.Western blot and IHC staining were used to detect the expression of SCF,c-kit,Bcl-2,Bax,PI3K,and Akt proteins in rat testicular tissues.Sperm activity is examined by microscopy.The testicu-lar tissue structure and cell morphology of rats in each group were observed.Results Compared with the model group,Epimedii folium-Astmgali radix increased the sperm density,total viability rate,and vitality(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),decreased sperm apoptosis rate and LH,T,and E2 levels(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),decreased Bax protein expression in testicular tissue(P＜0.01),and increased Bcl-2,SCF,c-Kit,PI3K,and Akt protein expression(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);it increased the number of germ cells,thickened basement membrane,and significantly improved seminiferous tubule mor-phology,even showing germ cells at different develop-mental stages and mature sperm.Conclusions Epi-medii folium-Astmgali radix has a significant therapeu-tic effect on oligoasthenospermia in rats.Its mechanism may be related to the activation of the SCF/c-kit signa-ling pathway to activate the PI3K/Akt signaling path-way promoting the proliferation and differentiation of germ cells,and promoting sperm production,maturation and motility.

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis(PAP)is a rare progressive respiratory dysfunction disease of the lung characterized by insidious onset and non-specific clinical manifestations,often leading to misdiagnosed and mistreated.Herein,we reported a case of PAP patient admitted to Jiading District Central Hospital with an atypical appearance of alveolar lavage fluid and whose condition improved significantly after treatment with subcutaneous injection of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor(GM-CSF).Additionally,we have reviewed and summarized the relevant literature to enhance the understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

Aim To explore the mechanism of Epimedii folium-Astmgali radix activating the SCF/c-kit signa-ling pathway to activate the PI3K/Akt signaling path-way and its effect on sperm production and vitality in oligoasthenospermia.Methods Sixty male SD rats were used to establish a model of oligoasthenospermia with cyclophosphamide.They were randomly divided into six groups:experimental group(further divided into high,medium,and low dose group),model group,control group and blank group.The oligoasthenosper-mia model was established by using cyclophosphamide in experimental group,levocarnitine group and model group.The rats in the high,medium,and low dose group of the experimental group were orally adminis-tered Epimedii folium-Astmgali radix extract at doses of 800,400,and 200 mg·kg-1,respectively,Once daily for 35 days.Rats of the control group were orally ad-ministered 250 mg·kg-1·d-1 of levocarnitine,Once daily for 35 days.ELISA was used to detect serum of T,E2,FSH,and LH.Western blot and IHC staining were used to detect the expression of SCF,c-kit,Bcl-2,Bax,PI3K,and Akt proteins in rat testicular tissues.Sperm activity is examined by microscopy.The testicu-lar tissue structure and cell morphology of rats in each group were observed.Results Compared with the model group,Epimedii folium-Astmgali radix increased the sperm density,total viability rate,and vitality(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),decreased sperm apoptosis rate and LH,T,and E2 levels(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),decreased Bax protein expression in testicular tissue(P＜0.01),and increased Bcl-2,SCF,c-Kit,PI3K,and Akt protein expression(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);it increased the number of germ cells,thickened basement membrane,and significantly improved seminiferous tubule mor-phology,even showing germ cells at different develop-mental stages and mature sperm.Conclusions Epi-medii folium-Astmgali radix has a significant therapeu-tic effect on oligoasthenospermia in rats.Its mechanism may be related to the activation of the SCF/c-kit signa-ling pathway to activate the PI3K/Akt signaling path-way promoting the proliferation and differentiation of germ cells,and promoting sperm production,maturation and motility.

Zirconium dioxide(ZrO2)is a suitable solid phase microextraction(SPME)fiber coating due to its high thermal and chemical stability and excellent adsorption.Similarly,polydopamine(PDA)can also be utilized as SPME fiber coating because of its strong oxidation resistance and stability,desired adsorption as well as environmental friendliness.In this work,a novel zirconium dioxide-doped polydopamine(ZrO2@PDA)SPME fiber coating was quickly fabricated on the stainless steel(SS)by cyclic voltammetry(CV)using the etched SS wire as working electrode,a Pt rod as counter electrode and a saturated calomel electrode as reference electrode.Coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection(HPLC-UV),the extraction performance of the fabricated SS@ZrO2@PDA fiber was evaluated using typical aromatic compounds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),ultraviolet filters(UvFs),phthalate acid esters(PAEs)and chlorophenols(CPs).The SS@ZrO2@PDA fiber showed excellent extraction capability for PAHs and PAEs,however,poor extraction capability for UvFs and no extraction capability for CPs.Therefore,PAHs were selected as target analytes and the key experimental factors on extraction efficiency were optimized.Under the optimized conditions,good linearity was obtained for the developed SPME-HPLC-UV method with the SS@ZrO2@PDA fiber.The limits of detection(LODs,S/N=3)were 0.018-0.082 μg/L.The developed method was successfully applied to determination of trace PAHs in different actual water samples with recoveries of 86.7%-102.4%and RSDs less than 8.2%.In addition,the fabricated novel fiber was simple to prepare and exhibited high stability,good reproducibility and long service life.

Objective:To analyze the genotypes distribution of common and rare thalassemia in people of reproductive age in Huadu district of Guangzhou,enhance the database of thalassemia.Methods:Peripheral blood samples were collected for genotype analysis in Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Huadu District from January 2016 to October 2022.Gap-PCR and Reverse dot blot hybridization were used to detect common thalassemia genotypes.DNA sequencing was performed in samples suspected of rare genotypes.Results:A total of 16 171 subjects were identified as thalassemia carriers,and the positive rate was 44.41％(16 171/36 412).The genotypes of 114 cases(0.31％)were rare.A total of 10 845 cases were identified as α-thalassemia carriers(29.78％),and--SEA/αα was the most common genotype in those people,followed by-α3.7/αα and-α4.2/αα.A total of 4 531 subjects were identified as common β-thalassemia carriers(12.44％).The most common β-thalassemia mutation in the population was β41-42/βN,followed by β654/βN and β-28/β N.A total of 681 subjects were identified as αβ thalassemia carriers(1.87％),among them--SEA/αα compounded withβ CD41-42/β N was the most common genotype.A total of 48 cases were identified as rare α-thalassemia carriers,14 types of mutations,in which Fusion gene/αα was the most common.A total of 52 cases were identified as rare β-thalassemia carriers,11 types of mutation,in which βSEA-HPFH/βN was the most common.Conclusion:The thalassemia genotypes in Huadu district are complex and diverse.We should attach great importance to the detection of rare thalassemia genotypes.

Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics of Norovirus infection in schools in Hefei City,and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of Norovirus infection in schools.Methods The investiga-tion reports of Norovirus infection reported by the centers for disease control and prevention(CDC)of all counties(cities and districts)in Hefei City and the laboratory test results of Hefei CDC from 2018 to 2022 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods.The related indicators of Norovirus infection,including the attack rate,timeli-ness of reporting,duration of epidemic,clinical symptoms,as well as GⅠ and G Ⅱ classification of Norovirus were compared.Results From 2018 to 2022,there were 217 school Norovirus infections outbreaks in Hefei City,with 3 002 cases and 314 006 affected people.The average annual attack rate ranged from 0.82％to 1.32％.Most cases were from kindergartens,there were 116 cases,accounting for 53.46％,with an average attack rate of 2.87％.The time distribution was bimodal,concentrated in March-June and September-December each year.The attack rate and duration of outbreaks were both significantly higher than those of clustering epidemics(both P＜0.001).Positive correlation existed between the timeliness of reporting and the number of outbreaks at the time of receiving the re-port as well as the duration of the epidemic(r=0.182,0.783,respectively,both P＜0.001).With the advance-ment of the academic stage,the symptom with diarrhea showed an increasing trend(x2trend=743.236,P＜0.001),the symptom with vomiting presented a decreasing trend(x2trend=386.888,P＜0.001),and the symptoms with both diarrhea and vomiting presented an increasing trend(x2trend=327.264,P＜0.001),while the symptom with fe-ver presented a decreasing trend(x2trend=15.717,P＜0.001).The positive detection rate of anal swab specimens(60.10％)was higher than that of vomit and environmental specimens(38.71％,14.29％,respectively,x2=135.685,P＜0.001).The laboratory identified 181 cases with Norovirus GⅠ and G Ⅱ subtypes,including 28 cases of G Ⅰsubtype,accounting for 15.47％,and 149 cases of G Ⅱ subtype,accounting for 82.32％.Conclusion Schools are locations with high incidence of Norovirus infection.At the beginning of the school season,various prevention and control measures should be strictly implemented to improve the monitoring sensitivity of symptoms like vomiting,diarrhea,and so on,so as to achieve early detection,early report and early treatment.

As an important synthetic antibacterial drug, sulfonamides play an important role in the anti-infection field. Based on the research and development status of sulfonamides, this paper broke the classical structure of sulfanilamide, and designed and synthesized a series of acetyl-contained sulfanilamide tertiary amine thiol azole compounds and sulfanilamide tertiary amine amino azole compounds. The structures were confirmed by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and HRMS. The antimicrobial activity of synthesized compounds in vitro was tested. The antimicrobial activity of amino triazole compound 7a gave stronger activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa than that of positive control drug norfloxacin, and its inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus was close to that of norfloxacin. The interaction between compound 7a and calf thymus DNA was studied, and the docking experiment between this compound and DNA was also researched.

The purpose of this study was to enrich the genomic information and provide a basis for further development and utilization of Polygonatum kingianum. The fresh rhizome of P. kingianum was used as the experimental material, and the full-length transcriptome was sequenced by PacBio Sequel platform. The final measured polymerase reads were 1 120 485, with a total of 77.73 GB of data. In NR database, 41 864 homologous sequence alignments were aligned to 5 species; 40 506 were annotated in the KOG database and classified into 26 categories based on their functionality; 69 060 GO annotated 32 functional groups divided into 3 categories: cellular components, molecular functions, and biological processes; 45 779 annotations were added to 145 metabolic pathways in the KEGG database. Among them, there are 127 identified transcripts related to polysaccharide synthesis in the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis metabolic pathway, 144 in the starch and sucrose metabolic pathway, 85 in the amino acid sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolic pathway, and 69 in the fructose and mannose metabolic pathway. In addition, 1 781 transcription factors were detected, distributed in 37 transcription factor families; 180 293 SSR loci were detected, among which single base repeats accounted for the most, accounting for 30.48% of all base repeats, and at least five base repeats, accounting for only 0.14% of single base repeats. The results of this study provide important data supporting for enriching the genomic information of P. kingianum and exploring its effective biosynthetic pathway.

Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics of Norovirus infection in schools in Hefei City,and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of Norovirus infection in schools.Methods The investiga-tion reports of Norovirus infection reported by the centers for disease control and prevention(CDC)of all counties(cities and districts)in Hefei City and the laboratory test results of Hefei CDC from 2018 to 2022 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods.The related indicators of Norovirus infection,including the attack rate,timeli-ness of reporting,duration of epidemic,clinical symptoms,as well as GⅠ and G Ⅱ classification of Norovirus were compared.Results From 2018 to 2022,there were 217 school Norovirus infections outbreaks in Hefei City,with 3 002 cases and 314 006 affected people.The average annual attack rate ranged from 0.82％to 1.32％.Most cases were from kindergartens,there were 116 cases,accounting for 53.46％,with an average attack rate of 2.87％.The time distribution was bimodal,concentrated in March-June and September-December each year.The attack rate and duration of outbreaks were both significantly higher than those of clustering epidemics(both P＜0.001).Positive correlation existed between the timeliness of reporting and the number of outbreaks at the time of receiving the re-port as well as the duration of the epidemic(r=0.182,0.783,respectively,both P＜0.001).With the advance-ment of the academic stage,the symptom with diarrhea showed an increasing trend(x2trend=743.236,P＜0.001),the symptom with vomiting presented a decreasing trend(x2trend=386.888,P＜0.001),and the symptoms with both diarrhea and vomiting presented an increasing trend(x2trend=327.264,P＜0.001),while the symptom with fe-ver presented a decreasing trend(x2trend=15.717,P＜0.001).The positive detection rate of anal swab specimens(60.10％)was higher than that of vomit and environmental specimens(38.71％,14.29％,respectively,x2=135.685,P＜0.001).The laboratory identified 181 cases with Norovirus GⅠ and G Ⅱ subtypes,including 28 cases of G Ⅰsubtype,accounting for 15.47％,and 149 cases of G Ⅱ subtype,accounting for 82.32％.Conclusion Schools are locations with high incidence of Norovirus infection.At the beginning of the school season,various prevention and control measures should be strictly implemented to improve the monitoring sensitivity of symptoms like vomiting,diarrhea,and so on,so as to achieve early detection,early report and early treatment.