Objective To analyze the clinical and pathological characteristics of children with lupus nephritis(LN).Methods The data of 116 inpatients from Mar.2000 to Nov.2008 with LN were retrospectively analyzed.The clinical,immunochemical and pathological data were recorded.Renal tissue was observed by light microscopy and electron microscopy after HE,PAS,Masson and PASM staining according to WHO standards.Follow-up results showed complete remission,partial remission,disease activity,renal insufficiency and death.Results Of the 116 cases of LN,there were 27 male and 89 female with a ratio of male to female 1.03.3,and the mean age was(12.0?2.2) years.The incidence of nephrotic syndrome was 63.8 %(74 cases),and acute nephritis was 21.5%(25 cases).Class Ⅳ LN was the most frequent type(14 cases,50%) and classⅢ was next(25 cases,21.5%).In view of the outcome,rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and class Ⅳ LN were the worst.LN was initially controlled in 96.5% of the patients.Relapses of LN were most caused by the intermittent treatment.Totally 32 cases showed different renal injury,and 6 cases progressed to death.Conclusions Renal biopsy is important to diagnosis,treatment and prognosis evaluation of LN.Long and regular treatment is important for children with LN.

Objective To investigate the effects of altitude,race,gender and age on blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1 c) of type 2 diabetes.Methods A total of 410 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who resided at different altitudes in Jinghong,Kunming and Lijiang city for over 5 years and received antidiabetic treatment without adjustments for over 3 months were enrolled.To compare blood glucose,hemoglobin (Hb) and HbA1 c levels of T2DM among different altitudes,different races,different genders and different ages,The correlation between races and HbA1c was evaluated with Pearson's correlation analysis.Results No significant differences were observed in fasting blood glucose (FBG) (P =0.49,P =0.1,P =0.09,P =0.3),2 h postprandial blood glucose (2 h PBG) (P =0.33,P =0.4,P =0.7,P =0.1),and HbA1 c (P =0.47,P =0.28,P =0.2,P =0.07) levels between patients at different altitudes,different races,different genders and different ages.However,there were significant differences in Hb (P ＜0.01).There was no significant correlation between races and HbA1c levels(r =0.003,P =0.6).Conclusions There were effects of altitude,race,gender and age on hemoglobin of type 2 diabetes,but no effects on glycosylated hemoglobin.

Objective: To investigate the value of the trigeminocervical response (TCR) for revealing bulbar involvement in patients with spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA). Methods: Thirty patients with SBMA and 30 healthy male controls were included in this study. In all of the normal controls, stimulation of the infraorbital nerve on one side produced bilateral short latency waves consisting of a positive/negative wave, p19/n31, the mean latency of which was measured. The mean square root of the ratio between the amplitude of p19/n31 and the mean rectifi ed surface electromyography (EMG) activity preceding the stimulus, the A value, was estimated. The parameters of the TCR were compared between the two groups. Results: Among the patients with SBMA, 21 (70.0%) had delayed latencies of p19/n31 (P < 0.01) and all (100%) had reduced A values (P < 0.01) relative to the normal controls. Conclusions: All parameters of the TCR were signifi cantly different between the patients with SBMA and the normal controls. T

Objective To evoke cerebral potentials by stimulating nociceptive fibers with contact heat evoked potentials stimulator (CHEPS)and estimate the nerve conduction velocities of peripheral nerve fibers mediating these responses.Methods Subjects were set in supine position.A heat-foil technology with a rapid rising speed at 70 ℃/s was used to elicit pain and contact heat evoked potentials(CHEP).Contact heat was delivered via one circular thermode (diameter 27 mm,area 573 mm~2).Thermal stimuli were sent at two intensity levels (49.5 ℃ and 54.5 ℃) to three body sites:thenar eminence,the dorsum of hand and proximal volar forarm.Contact heat evoked potentials were recorded from Cz and Pz.A systemic effect between stimulus intensities and pain rating were observed,the main components of this evoked potential were observed.Nerve conduction velocity was calculated from latency difference of CHEP and center to center distance of distal and proximal stimulus arrays.Results The pain intensity rating was 3.2?0.3 and 4.4?0.5 when thenar eminence was stimulated at the temperature of 49.5 ℃ and 54.5 ℃ respectively;the rating was 6.3?0.8 and 7.2?0.5 when the dorsum of hand and proximal volar forarm were stimulated at the temperature of 54.5 ℃ respectively.Three components,Cz/N550,Cz/P750 and Pz/P1000,were found in the evoked potentials.Nerve conduction velocities of the fibers were (12.9?7.5) and (1.7?0.4) m/s respectively,which were corresponding to those of A8 fiber and C fiber.Conclusions CHEPs can be elicited reliably and stably.Velocities of peripheral nerve fibers demonstrate that A8 fiber and C fiber mediate the response.

Objective To establish the method of contact heat evoked potential(CHEP)and to explore the value of this evoked potential in pain testing of patients with cerebral infarction.Methods A total of 100 healthy volunteers and 30 patients were examined.The healthy volunteers were divided into 3 groups according to the length of their arms:(Group A:56.0～65.0 cm ;Group B :65.5～74.0 cm ;Group C :74.5～83.0 cm).A recently de- veloped heat-foil technique with a rapid temperature rising rate at 70℃/s was used to elicit pain and contact heat e- voked potentials.Contact heat was delivered via one circular thermode(diameter 27 mm,area 573 mm~2)and set at two intensity levels(49.5℃and 54.5℃)to three body sites:the thenar eminence,the dorsum of hand and proximal volar forearm.The subjects were asked to rate the pain with numerical rating scale after each stimulus and CHEP was recorded from Cz and Pz.The association between stimulus intensities and pain rating was explored,the main compo- nents of the evuked potential were watched.CHEP,sensory conduction velocity(SCV)and somatosensory evoked potentials(SEP)were performed in patients with hemi-anesthesia caused by cerebral infarction.Results The pain intensity ratings were 3.2?0.3 and 4.4?0.5 at thenar eminence,5.0?0.7 and 6.3?0.8 at the dorsum of hand and 5.3?0.6 and 7.2?0.5 at the proximal volar forearm when the temperature of 49.5℃and 54.5℃was applied, respectively;Three components,Cz/N550,Cz/P750 and Pz/P1000,were identified in the evoked potentials.Cz/ N550 and Cz/P750 appeared when the dorsum of hand and proximal volar forearm were stimulated.In contrast,Pz/ P1000 could be identified when nociceptors of thenar eminence and proximal volar fbrearm were excited.In the pa- tients with cerebral infarction,CHEP disappeared or became abnormal on one side,while SCV and SEP were normal on that side.Conclusion It was suggested that CHEP could be elicited reliably in the controls.CHEP is helpful in the assessment of analgesia in patients with cerebral infarction.

Objective To assess the safety and efficacy of domestic sirolimus-eluting stent(SES)compared with bare metal stent(BMS)in the primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)for patients with ST-segment elevation AMI in a real-world scenario.Method From January 2005 to March 2006,a total of 143 patient with ST-segment elevation AMI were enrolled in this study,and all of them underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Among the 143 patients,74 were treated with domestic SESs(Firebird stent)and 69 with BMSs.The incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE:death,reinfarction,and target vessel revascularization[TVR])was evaluated at 30 days and 180 days.Continuous variables were compared using Student's unpaired t test.Categorical variables were compared using Fisher's test.Cox proportional hazard survival models were used to assess risk reduction of adverse events.P value

Objective To compare circulating endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs)number between normal controls and patients with coronary heart diseases(CHD),and to explore the influence of percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)on the number of EPCs in patients with CHD.Methods A total of 48 hospitalized patients with CHD were enrolled and divided into three groups,including stable angina pectoris(SAP)group,unstable angina pectoris(UA)group,acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)group.Patients with normal coronary angiography served as controls.The percentage of EPCs in peripheral blood nucleated cells was measured at admission and immediately after and 24 hours after PCI in CHD patients by double-color flow cytometry analysis.EPCs were identified with CD133~+/VEGFR-2~+.Results At admission,the percentage of EPCs in peripheral blood nucleated cells was significantly lower in SAP group(0.043%±0.043%),UA group(0.014%±0.018%)and STEMI group(0.040%±0.036%)than that in the control group(0.111%±0.078%,all P＜0.01).The number of EPCs in UA group was significantly lower than that in the SAP group(P＜0.05).In the UA group,the number of EPCs at 24 hours after PCI(0.054%±0.045%)was significantly higher than before operation(0.014%±0.018%,P＜0.01)and tended to be higher than the value immediately after PCI(0.028%±0.041%,P＞0.05).The before and after PCI EPCs numbers wore similar in SAP and STEMI groups(all P＞0.05).Conclusion The number of peripheral EPCs in patients with CHD is lower than that in normal subjects and negatively related with severity of coronary heart disease.The number of circulating EPCs increased post PCI in patients with unstable angina pectoris.

OBJECTIVETo assess the effect of beta blocker on blood flow velocity and reserve on the intramural coronary artery of patients with myocardial bridging.

METHODSIn 8 patients with myocardial bridge, intracoronary Doppler was performed before and after esmolol was given intravenously. The basic average peak velocity (bAPV), hyperaemic average peak velocity (hAPV) of blood flow, and coronary flow reserve (CFR) proximal and distal to the mural myocardial bridging was measured and compared.

RESULTSAfter esmolol injection, the mural coronary diameter systolic reduction decreased from (58.0 +/- 14.7)% to (26.0 +/- 9.8)% (P < 0.01); the bAPV proximal and distal to myocardial bridging separately decreased from (19.4 +/- 4.9) cm/s and (18.4 +/- 3.6) cm/s to (4.7 +/- 3.9) cm/s (P < 0.01) and (15.1 +/- 1.5) cm/s (P < 0.05). Under hyperemization, esmolol changed the hAPV of proximal and distal to myocardial bridging separately from (54.1 +/- 14.9) cm/s and (44.7 +/- 9.4) cm/s to (49.7 +/- 16.4) cm/s and (48.9 +/- 10.1) cm/s (all P > 0.05); thus, the value of CFR both proximal and distal to myocardial bridge increased separately from 2.8 +/- 0.3 and 2.5 +/- 0.5 to 3.4 +/- 0.5 and 3.2 +/- 0.6 (all P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONEsmolol can decreased the compression of the intramural coronary artery and increased the CFR to normal level of it.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Coronary Circulation ; drug effects ; physiology ; Coronary Vessels ; diagnostic imaging ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Bridging ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; ultrastructure ; Propanolamines ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Ultrasonography, Interventional

OBJECTIVETo study the risk factors in high prevalence district of birth defects (BD) to provide evidence for intervention development.

METHODSQuantitative analysis had been carried out based on the investigation at three counties in Shanxi province. 491 useable questionnaires had been collected with a response rate as 94.6%. Binary logistic regression was performed to analyze the risk factors of BD.

RESULTSData from logistic regression analyses revealed that factors as: the status of family income, knowledge on healthy birth and rearing, behavior and illness during pregnancy were influencing the occurrence of BD, with OR values as 0.535, 3.265, 0.403 and 1.379 respectively. Better family income and knowledge on BD were negatively (P values are 0.000 and 0.001 respectively), while illness during pregnancy and alcohol intake of the husbands were positively correlated (P values are 0.005 and 0.012 respectively) to the occurrence of BD.

CONCLUSIONMeasures as accelerating the development of local economy, providing education on BD knowledge to the couples, changing negative life style and improving the health status would reduce the risk of BD. Preconceptional-periconceptional care seemed to be the new idea for healthy pregnancy and healthy baby.

China ; epidemiology ; Congenital Abnormalities ; economics ; epidemiology ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Income ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications ; epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Social Class

OBJECTIVETo investigate the middle and distal circum peeling with bleeding control technique for redundant prepuce.

METHODSThe middle and distal part of prepuce was circum peeled with bleeding control and electrical scalpel. More preputial inner plate was reserved.

RESULTSFrom January 2004 to July 2008, 51 patients with redundant prepuce were treated with this procedure. The average blood loss was 1 to approximately 2 ml with minimal edema. The proportion of inner and outer plates was suitable.

CONCLUSIONSThis technique has the advantages of minimal blood loss and slight edema. The cosmetic result is also satisfactory.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Blood Loss, Surgical ; prevention & control ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Circumcision, Male ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Premedication ; Young Adult