Objective We sought to investigate the attitude to the evaluation of nursing undergraduate innovative talents quality by post audience and undergraduate nursing students and to provide reference for the cultivation of innovative talents and quality standard construction.Methods Using convenient sampling method,we selected the medical staff,patients and junior undergraduate nursing students as the research object.A questionnaire survey on the nursing undergraduate innovative talents quality evaluation was carried out.Results The attitude to nursing undergraduate innovative talents quality evaluation from high to low was physicians,nurses,hospital patients and junior undergraduate nursing students.Different populations had different expectations for nursing undergraduate innovative talents.Conclusions To cultivate the nursing undergraduate innovative talents,we should not only focus on the ability of nursing scientific research and innovation,but also should be based on the moral and occupation quality.Only giving full consideration to demands and expectations of the nursing undergraduate innovative talents by all post audience,can we evaluate the talent quality more professionally,scientifically and systematically.

Objective To understand the cognition of nursing undergraduate innovative talents of college nursing graduates,provide the basis for training and evaluation of nursing undergraduate innovative talents and establishing evaluation system.Methods Using the method of qualitative research,in-depth interviews were carried out in 13 nurses who had received full-time undergraduate nursing education from a comprehensive hospital.The acquired data were collected and analyzed,and the topics were put forward.Results The demands of clinical post for undergraduate nursing talents were many-sided.The explicit achievements such as specific topic submission,articles printed,patented invention,etc.were the most intuitionistic evaluation for innovative talents.Most of the nursing students during the learning period could not understand the importance of innovation ability in nursing work,and were lack of motivation to obtain related knowledge.Many undergraduate nurses chose self-development after work simply for professional title promotion,lacking the simplicity for innovation or for solving practical problems.Conclusions For cultivation of innovative talents,school should take students as the starting point,and the different competency as orientation,perfect cultivation mode of innovative talents.The hospital should provide learning,studying abroad opportunities for nurses,construct the innovation team of department.In addition to explicit results,internal innovation consciousness and innovation spirit should also be concerned in evaluation.

This paper introduces the development of the MEMS at home and abroad,besides the key technology,the application in medicine and military about the MEMS also expounded in detail.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the rapid PCR amplification program and system and to verify the technical indexes. METHODS: PCR multiplex and capillary electrophoresis detection of 24 autosomal STR loci and one Y-STR loci using the 6-color fluorescence marking technology, as well as A melogenin and Y-InDel. Meanwhile, sensitivity, specificity, identity, stability, mixing and a batch of sample tests were investigated, and the genotype of various routine samples and degraded, exfoliated cell samples were observed. RESULTS: The sensitivity of the system was 0.062 5 ng. In addition, the genotype could be detected accurately only around 65 min via rapid amplification. The species-specificity was high and the genotyping of all kinds of dry blood specimens of filter paper and mixed, degraded, exfoliated cell samples were accurate. CONCLUSION The rapid amplification system can significantly improve the detection rate, and obtain accurate and stable genotyping results, which may be important implications for the establishment of STR database and study on population genetics and forensic identification.
Electrophoresis, Capillary ; Fluorescence ; Genetics, Population ; Genotype ; Humans ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods* ; Sensitivity and Specificity

The choice of specific promoters used within a transgene construct is a vital strategy to achieve the transgene regulation in the temporal, spatial and measurable manner. The strategy has been widely used in diverse aspects of plant gene engineering, such as quality improvement, resistance breeding and bioreactor. In this paper, we describe the structure feature, classification and research method of the specific promoter and its application progresses in plant gene engineering.
Animals ; Bioreactors ; Breeding ; Genetic Engineering ; methods ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Plants ; genetics ; immunology ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; genetics

Objective To characterize the audiological features in the infants with otitis media with effusion(OME)and to investigate the utility of variety of objective andiometry methods in diagnosis and intervention on OME.Methods Fifry six infants(40 males and 16 females)were investigated,who were referred to our clinic at the General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army by the other hospitals from December 2004 to June 2007 when the infants were diagnosed or highly suspected of OME.The ages at the initial diagnosis ranged from 42 days to three years,with an average of five months.The infants,after receiving the conventional otolaryngological exams,were subjected to the tests of auditory brainstem response (ABR),otoacoustic emission(OAE),tympanometry(226 Hz and 1000 Hz)and behaviors audiometry.Results Among 56 affected infants.87 ears were diagnosed with OME,of which 31 infants were affected bilateral and 25 with monaural.For the 49 infants who received hearing screening at birth.36 infants were referred at the initial screening.For the 52 infants who received repeated screening.all subjects were referred.Six infants without receiving hearing screening came to clinic when their parents observed their kids'hearing impairment.Among the 52 cases(104 ears)who received tympanometry test,20 subjects (28 ears)showed B or C type tympanometry curve.Thirty-nine cases(78 ears)were given tympanometry test at 1000 Hz,of which 38 cases(55 ears)showed abnormal hearing.Among 56 infants(112 ears)with ABR test,49 subjects(74 ears)exhibited prolonged ABR type Ⅰ curve.All 56 infants(112 ears)received OAE test,of which 55 subjects(81 ears)were referred Four infants(8 ears)accepted the behavior test and all of them showed A-B Gap.Conclusions The combined tympanometry test at both 226 Hz and 1000 Hz,ABR latency or threshold test,infant's behavior test and OAE,used jointly,enable characterizing better OME in infants.thus helping early diagnosis of this hearing disorder.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of ionizing radiation on the expression of p16, CyclinD1, and CDK4 in mouse thymocytes and splenocytes.

METHODSFluorescent staining and flow cytometry analysis were employed for the measurement of protein expression.

RESULTSIn time course experiments, it was found that the expression of p16 protein was significantly increased at 8, 24, and 48 h for thymocytes (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, and P < 0.05, respectively) and at 24 h for splenocytes (P < 0.05) after whole body irradiation (WBI) with 2.0 Gy X-rays. However, the expression of CDK4 protein was significantly decreased from 8 h to 24 h for thymocytes (P < 0.05-P < 0.01) and from 8 h to 72 h for splenocytes (P < 0.05-P < 0.01). In dose effect experiments, it was found that the expression of p16 protein in thymocytes and splenocytes was significantly increased at 24 h after WBI with 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 Gy (P < 0.05-P < 0.01), whereas the expression of CDK4 protein was significantly decreased with 2.0 Gy for thymocytes (P < 0.05) and 0.5-6.0 Gy for splenocytes (P < 0.05-P < 0.01). Results also showed that the expression of CyclinD1 protein decreased markedly in both thymocytes and splenocytes after exposure.

CONCLUSIONThe results indicate that the expression of p16 protein in thymocytes and splenocytes can be induced by ionizing radiation, and the p16-CyclinD1/CDK4 pathway may play an important role for G1 arrest of thymocytes induced by X-rays.

Animals ; Cyclin D1 ; biosynthesis ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 ; biosynthesis ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases ; biosynthesis ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Flow Cytometry ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; Radiation Dosage ; Spleen ; cytology ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Thymus Gland ; cytology ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; X-Rays

This study was aimed to explore the expression of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2) in 3 different lymphoblastic cell lines with relation to their glucocorticoid (GC) sensitivity. The 11β-HSD2 expressions in acute lymphoblastic leukemia Jurkat cells, lymphoma Daudi and Raji cells, and peripheral blood T cells of a healthy volunteer were analyzed by real time PCR and Western blot. Glucocorticoid (GC)-induced apoptosis in 3 different cell lines was detected by flow cytometry. Cell growth in Jurkat cells treated with cortisol was analyzed by trypan blue dye exclusion. Flow cytometry was performed to observe GC-induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells treated by combination of GC with 11β-HSD2 inhibition 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (18β-GA). The results demonstrated that 11β-HSD2 highly expressed in Jurkat cells, but not in Daudi, Raji cells and normal blood T cells. Compared to Daudi and Raji cells, Jurkat cells were more resistant to GC-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, the inhibition of 11β-HSD2 by 18β-GA resulted in increased cellular sensitivity to GC as shown by elevated induction of apoptosis. it is concluded that 11β-HSD2 is at least partly responsible for GC resistance in Jurkat cells. 11β-HSD2 may be a potential target for reduction of GC-resistance in therapeutic applications.
11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Glucocorticoids ; pharmacology ; Glycyrrhetinic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Jurkat Cells ; Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism

Objective To evaluate effects of sirolimus(a classic autophagy inducer)and starved culture on autophagy of a human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cell line A431. Methods Cultured A431 cells and HeLa (a human cervical carcinoma cell line)cells were both classified into 5 groups to be treated with DMEM alone(control group), 0.1%dimethyl sulfoxide alone(DMSO group), 20 nmol/L sirolimus(20?nmol/L sirolimus group), 80 nmol/L sirolimus(80?nmol/L sirolimus group), and Earle′s balanced salt solution(EBSS group)respectively. After 4?hour treatment, Western blot analysis was performed to measure the expressions of autophagy?related markers microtubule?associated protein 1 light chain 3A/3B (LC3A/B) and recombinant gamma?aminobutyric acid receptor associated protein(GABARAP), and acridine orange staining to determine autophagy levels in these cells. Results As Western blot analysis showed, the ratio of LC3A/B?Ⅱto LC3A/B?Ⅰin A431 cells was similar between the control group and DMSO group(P > 0.05), but significantly higher in the 20?nmol/L sirolimus group, 80?nmol/L sirolimus group and EBSS group than in the control group(all P < 0.05). Western blot results from HeLa cells were similar to those from A431 cells. Bivariate correlation analysis revealed that the protein expression of GABARAP was positively correlated with that of LC3A/B ?Ⅰ in both HeLa cells(r = 0.869, 95% CI: 0.807 - 0.999, P = 0.051)and A431 cells(r = 0.837, 95% CI: -0.173 - 0.989, P = 0.037), but negatively correlated with that of LC3A/B?Ⅱ in both HeLa cells(r = -0.742, 95% CI: -0.982 - 0.406, P = 0.042)and A431 cells(r = - 0.684, 95% CI: -0.977 - 0.500, P = 0.047). Acridine orange staining showed that the percentages of autophagosome?positive A431 cells and HeLa cells were significantly increased in both the 80?nmol/L sirolimus group(23.750% ± 0.260% and 33.307% ± 0.715% respectively)and EBSS group(32.450% ± 0.488% and 66.097% ± 1.141% respectively) compared with the control group(15.987% ± 0.242% and 14.117% ± 0.295%, respectively, all P < 0.05). Conclusion The classic autophagy inducer sirolimus and starved culture can upregulate the autophagy level of A431 cells, and GABARAP may be highly correlated with LC3A/B.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the inhibitory effects of CaMKIIN on acute myeloid leukemia cell line HL-60 to explore a novel therapeutic target of leukemia.

METHODSHuman CaMK II N gene expression vector pcDNA3.1/hCaMKIIN or empty vector pcDNA3.1/myc-His (-) B was transfected into HL-60 cells by Lipofectamine 2000. Human CaMK II N proteins of transfected cells were detected by Western blot. Cell proliferation affected by human CaMKIIN was determined by MTT. Colony-forming assay was performed by soft agar growth system. The cells transfected with CaMKIIN were stained with Hoechst 33342 to detect the apoptotic proportion under fluorescence microscopy. Cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry.

RESULTSHuman CaMKIIN was stably transfected into HL-60 cells, and overexpression of human CaMKIIN inhibited the proliferation of HL-60/CaMKIIN cells compared to HL-60/mock cells and HL-60 cells [(0.44 ± 0.03) vs (0.94 ± 0.05) vs (0.94 ± 0.04), P<0.01]. The colony formation of HL-60/CaMKIIN was also markedly smaller[(21.00 ± 3.05)/500] than that of mock-transfected [(111.00±4.58)/500]] and control cells [(119.00±6.09)/500] (P<0.01). After 72 hrs-culture, the apoptotic proportion in cells transfected with CaMK II N was obviously higher than of cells transfected with mock DNA or control [(22.49 ± 2.15)% vs (7.17 ± 0.72)% vs (6.40 ± 0.55)%, P<0.01]. Up to (82.97 ± 2.90)% human CaMKIIN/HL-60 cells were arrested at G0/G1 phase, which was more than mock-transfected [(40.53 ± 2.38)%] and control cells [(41.63 ± 2.27)%] (P<0.05). Human CaMKIIN could down-regulate expression of Bcl-2 in transfected cells.

CONCLUSIONCaMK IIN up-regulation could inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of human acute myeloid leukemia cell HL-60.

Apoptosis ; Cell Proliferation ; Genetic Vectors ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transfection ; Up-Regulation