Objective To isolate HIV-specific T cell clone and to expand them in vitro through the activation-induced expression of CD137 molecule.Methods The peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from HIV-infected patients and HIV Gag specific CD3+CD8+CD137+T cell subset were sorted to 96-well plate in 1 cell/well by multicolor flowcytometry and single cell sorting.After 14 days in vitro culture with feeder cells and cytokines, the numbers and phenotypes of the cultured HIV-specific T cells were calcu-lated and identified.Results The CD137 expression was low on rested T cells but up regulated by the stim-ulation with Gag peptide pool.The CD8+CD137+T cells could secret IFN-γ.The number of CD8 T cells reached to 106 after 14 days in culture and expanded to 107-108 cells after 28 days of culture in vitro 100%of the cells remained activated upon Gag stimulation.Conclusion In stead of using IFN-γ, CD137 could be utilized as a novel molecule to isolate and expand HIV specific T cells in vitro.The expanded antigen spe-cific T cell clones could maintain good activation status.

Objective To investigate the current status of tobacco control in public places in Jiading District, after the introduction of "Tobacco Control Regulation in Public Places of Shanghai" (amendment), providing basic data for further implementing regulations. Methods The method of field observation was adopted to conduct the monitoring in 14 representative public places, including site staff in 109 places in April and September. Results The display rate of tobacco control propaganda increased(χ²=10.588, P < 0.001), but the posting rate of pictures for smoking control warnings decreased(χ²=6.272, P=0.012);the differences between two monitoring results were both statistically significant; the smoking rate in the staff within the workplaces decreased to 5.17%(χ²=20.973, P < 0.05);the differences between two monitoring results were both statistically significant. Conclusion The situation of tobacco control in Jiading District public places is good, but in some places smoking control should be further strengthened, and the intensity of tobacco control in public places should be maintained.

The undifferentiated form of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most common malignant head and neck cancer in South China, especially in Cantonese populations. However, few NPC cell lines have been established from the patients in this region. In this study, we established a new NPC cell line, termed SUNE2, from a Cantonese patient with undifferentiated NPC. This cell line had extremely low concentrations of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in long-term culture and expressed low levels of latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A), BamH1-A right frame 1 (BARF1), EBV-encoded RNA-1 (EBER1), and EBV-encoded RNA-2 (EBER2) in early passages. SUNE2 cells also showed much stronger transforming ability than 5-8F cells in colony formation assays and anchorage-independent growth assays in soft agar, and they only need 2 weeks to form tumors in nude mice. In summary, the SUNE2 cell line is a new in vitro model that can be used for further research on the mechanisms underlying the occurrence and development of NPC.
Adult ; Animals ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Colony-Forming Units Assay ; DNA, Viral ; metabolism ; Female ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; genetics ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; RNA, Viral ; metabolism ; Viral Matrix Proteins ; metabolism ; Viral Proteins ; metabolism

Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are newly developed but promising medicine for type 2 diabetes. However, patients with a different renal threshold for glucose excretion (RT(G)) may have a different reaction to this medicine. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of RT(G) and its impact factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The clinical and laboratory data of 36 healthy individuals and 168 in-hospital patients with T2DM were collected and analyzed, RTG was calculated using blood glucose (BG) measured by dynamic BG monitoring, urinary glucose excretion (UGE) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The characteristics of RT(G) were investigated. The risk factors for high RT(G) were analyzed using non-conditional logistic regression analysis. Our results found that RT(G) of the T2DM group was higher than that of the healthy individuals (P < 0.05); and 22.22% from the healthy individuals group but 58.33% from the T2DM group had high RT(G). Age, duration of diabetes, body mass index (BMI), and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were independently associated with high RT(G) (P < 0.05). Further stratified analysis revealed that RT(G) in T2DM patients increased with age, duration of diabetes, and BMI. In conclusion, RT(G) is increased in patients with T2DM, especially in those with longer diabetic duration, higher BMI, and those who are older. Therefore, these patients may be more sensitive to SGLT-2 inhibitors.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; epidemiology ; virology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Objective To isolate neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to Tier 2 viruses in a Chinese patient with HIV-1 infection. Methods Monoclonal antibodies were isolated using single B cell sorting and monoclonal antibody expression technique. The international ImMunoGeneTics database (IMGT) was used to analyze antibody variable region genes. Antibody binding ability and neutralizing activity were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and TZM-bl/pseudovirus assay,respectively. Results Two monoclonal antibodies (E11 and H2) that could neutralize two Tier 2 viruses were isolated from the patient with clade B HIV-1 infection. Heavy chains of E11 and H2 were derived from IGHV4-4*08 with a somatic mutation rate of 15.79% and 14.74%,respectively. Light chains were both derived from IGKV3-15*01 with a somatic mutation rate of 8.33% and 7.95%, respectively. E11 and H2 could bind to HIV-1 clade B, CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC viruses. The half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50) values of E11 and H2 were 18.78 μg/ml and 22.43 μg/ml against 398-F1 virus and 43.35 μg/ml and 39.45 μg/ml against 25710 virus. Conclusion In this study, two neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to two Tier 2 viruses were identified in the patient with HIV-1 infection,which might provide reference for the development of AIDS vaccines.

Objective Intra-anal condyloma acuminate (IACA) remains a focus in clinical studies for its increasing incidence,difficult treatment and high recurrence.This study was to observe the effect and safety of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) with stick light in the treatment of IACA.Methods We treated 30 IACA patients by ALA-PDT with stick light,with the exposure time of 30-40 minutes,once a week for 3 weeks.We recorded the skin lesion,the rate of its removal,and ad verse reactions and followed up the patients for 12 months.Results One-time complete removal of the lesion was achieved in 20％ (6/ 30) of the patients and partial removal in 40.0％ (12/30);twotime complete removal in 36.7％ (11/30) and partial removal in 30.0％ (9/30);and three-time complete removal in 50.0％ (15/30) and partial removal in 23.3％ (7/30),with a total effectiveness rate of 73.3％ (22/30).Pain was the main adverse reaction in most of the patients,which reached the peak at 10 minutes and was alleviated at 15 minutes after treatment,with the Visual Analogue Scale pain score of 6.57± 1.24.Recurrence was observed in 4 cases (18.2％),2 in the anal canal and the other 2 in both the anal canal and the crissum.Conclusion ALA-PDT with stick light is safe and effective in the treatment of intra-anal condyloma acuminata.

Objective:To perform harmonization based on the ComBat method for PET brain imaging scanned by different types of scanners from the same manufacturer and explored its effect on center effect.Methods:The three-dimensional (3D) Hoffman brain model was scanned by two different PET/CT instruments (Siemens Biograph64 TruePoint and Biograph128 mCT). Fourteen healthy subjects (8 males, 6 females, age: (57.7±9.5) years) underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT on Siemens Biograph64 TruePoint and 12 healthy subjects (9 males, 3 females, age: (55.8±10.5) years) underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT on Siemens Biograph128 mCT (all from Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; from November 2020 to March 2023). The whole brain was divided into 116 brain regions based on the anatomical automatic labeling (AAL) brain template. The ComBat method was applied to harmonized the PET data from brain model and healthy subjects. Mann-Whitney U test was performed on the radioactive counts and SUV ratios (SUVR) before and after homogenization acquired by both PET/CT instruments. Voxel-based statistical parametric mapping (SPM) independent-sample t test was also performed on data of healthy subjects. Results:In 3D Hoffman brain model, radioactivity counts (5 590.33(4 961.67, 6 102.95) vs 6 116.03(5 420.97, 6 660.66); z=-9.35, P<0.001) and SUVR (1.35(1.19, 1.47) vs 1.37(1.21, 1.49); z=-3.63, P<0.001) were significantly different between the two PET/CT scanners before harmonization and not after harmonization (radioactivity counts: 5 845.95(5 192.68, 6 378.63) vs 5 859.17(5 193.84, 6 380.52); SUVR: 1.35(1.20, 1.48) vs 1.36(1.20, 1.49); both z=-0.68, both P=0.498). In the healthy subjects, radioactive counts in 19 brain regions (12 422.78(11 181.60, 13 424.28)-18 166.40(15 882.80, 18 666.27); z values: from -3.24 to -2.06, all P<0.05) and SUVR in 40 brain regions (1.46(1.41, 1.52)-2.28(2.16, 2.36); z values: from -3.65 to -1.70, all P<0.05) were significantly different between the two scanners before harmonization, while after homogenization there were no statistical differences for all 116 brain regions (radioactivity counts: 9 243.55(8 502.38, 9 854.87)-20 419.60(19 931.51, 21 179.43); z values: from -0.72 to 0, all P>0.05; SUVR: 1.04(1.01, 1.09)-2.32(2.24, 2.40); z values: from -0.82 to 0, all P>0.05). SPM showed that significant differences of glucose metabolism in the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, midbrain and cerebellum were found in healthy subjects between the two PET/CT scanners before homogenization, and brain regions with obvious differences reduced after homogenization. Conclusion:ComBat harmonization method is efficient at removing the center effect among different types of PET/CT scanners from the same manufacturer and may provide a simple and easy-to-implement homogenization for multicenter brain imaging studies.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of mirror therapy on lower-limb motor, balance and walking of stroke patients. Methods:Randomized controlled trails (RCTs) about mirror therapy for lower limb function after stroke were recalled in PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMbase, Medline complete, CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP and CBMdisc. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software for eligible RCTs. Results:A total of twelve studies were retrieved, including 590 patients. Mirror therapy improved the scores of Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Lower Extremity (MD = 6.67, 95%CI 5.60 to 7.74; Z = 12.20, P < 0.001), Brunnstrom stages (MD = 0.55, 95%CI 0.28 to 0.82; Z = 3.98, P < 0.001), Berg Balance Scale (MD = 3.45, 95%CI 1.40 to 5.50; Z = 3.30, P = 0.001), mini-BESTest (MD = 1.49, 95%CI 0.65 to 2.33; Z = 3.48, P < 0.001), Brunnel Balance Assessment (MD = 0.66, 95%CI 0.10 to 1.22; Z = 2.32, P = 0.02). However, it was not significant for 10-meter Walking Test (MD = 0.03, 95%CI -0.04 to 0.11; Z = 0.88, P = 0.38) and Timed "Up and Go" Test (MD = -1.43, 95%CI-4.31 to 1.45; Z = 0.97, P = 0.33). Conclusion:Mirror therapy can improve lower extremity motor function after stroke significantly, and somehow for balance. Further research is needed to explore its effects on walking.

Connexin (Cx), a multigene-encoded transmembrane protein family, forms either gap junctions ( GJ) or hemichannels (HC) to mediate intercellular communication in plasma mem¬brane between adjacent cells or interacts with proteins by its car- boxyl terminal in the cytoplasm to participate in the process of tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, necrosis, invasion, metasta¬sis, drug resistance and stem cell characteristics.However, mi- slocalization of Cx in cytoplasm or nucleus often occurs in many tumors, and involved in the occurrence and development of tumors.Subcellular localization of Cx is affected by post-transla- tional modifications, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and acetylation.In this paper the classification and function of Cx, the relationship between subcellular localization of Cx and tumorigenesis and the regulation of post-translational modifica¬tion on Cx are reviewed in order to provide new ideas for the study of Cx as a potential target for cancer therapy.