Congresses as Topic ; Head and Neck Neoplasms

Objective To evaluate the effects of mechanical ventilation preconditioning on the expression of Rho-associated kinase 1 (ROCK1) in the lung tissue in a rat model of ventilator-induced lung injury.Methods Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley, aged 8-12 weeks, weighing 250-300 g, were randomly assigned into 6 groups (n =8 each) using a random number table: control group (group C);normal mechanical ventilation group (group N);mechanical ventilation with large tidal volume (VT) group (group L);preconditioning with mechanical ventilation with different VT groups (P1, P2 and P3 groups).The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital sodium, and tracheostomized.In group C, the animals kept spontaneous breathing after intubation.In group N, the animals were mechanically ventilated for 3 h with the VT of 8-10 ml/kg.In group L, the animals were mechanically ventilated for 3 h with the VT of 40 ml/kg.In P1, P2 and P3 groups, the animals were mechanically ventilated for 30 min with the VT of 6-7, 20 and 30 ml/kg, respectively, and then were mechanically ventilated for 3 h with the VT of 40 ml/kg.The respiratory rate was 40 breaths/min, and inspiratory/expiratory ratio was 1 : 1.The animals were sacrificed at the end of ventilation.Broncho-alveolar lavage fluid was collected, and pulmonary permeability index (PPI) was calculated.Lungs were removed for examination of pathological changes which were scored,and for detection of the wet to dry lung weight ratio (W/D ratio), apoptosis in alveolar epithelial cells, and expression of ROCK1 (by immunohistochemistry and Western blot).Apoptosis index (AI) was calculated.Results Compared with group C, the pathological scores, W/D ratio, PPI and AI were significantly increased, and the expression of ROCK1 was up-regulated in L, P1, P2 and P3 groups (P＜0.05) , and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group N (P＞0.05).Compared with group L, the pathological scores, W/D ratio, PPI and AI were significantly decreased, and the expression of ROCK1 was down-regulated in group P1 (P＜0.05) , and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in P2 and P3 groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which mechanical ventilation preconditioning decreases ventilator-induced lung injury may be related to inhibition of the expression of ROCK1 in lung tissues of rats.

Objective To evaluate the effects of mechanical ventilation preconditioning on ventilatorinduced lung injury in rats.Methods Forty-eight healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 250-300 g,were randomly assigned into 6 groups (n =8 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),normal ventilation group (group N),mechanical ventilation with large tidal volume (VT) group (group L) and mechanical ventilation preconditioning group (group P).The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 2 ％ pentobarbital sodium 0.2 ml/100 g.Tracheal intubation was performed.In group C,the animals kept spontaneous breathing after intubation.In group N,the animals were mechanically ventilated for 3 h with the VT of 8-10 ml/kg.The animals were mechanically ventilated for 3 h with the VT of 40 ml/kg in group L.In group P,the animals were mechanically ventilated for 30 min with the VT of 6 ml/kg,and then were mechanically ventilated for 3 h with the VT of 40 ml/kg (RR 40 bpm,I:E =l:l,PET CO2 35-45 mmHg).The animals were sacrificed at the end of ventilation,and the lungs were removed for measurement of wet to dry lung weight ratio (W/D ratio) and cell apoptosis and for microscopic examination of the pathological changes of the lung and the lung injury was scored.The apoptosis.index was calculated.Results Compared with group C,the lung injury score,W/D ratio,and apoptosis index were significantly increased in L and P groups,and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group N.Compared with group L,the lung injury score,W/D ratio,and apoptosis index were significantly decreased in group P.Conclusion Mechanical ventilation preconditioning can reduce ventilator-induced lung injury in rats.

Objective To systematically review the efficacy of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl-class drugs for induction in awake intubation patients.Methods We searched the PubMed,Embase, Cochrane library,Wanfang Database,CNKI,VIP and China Biology Medicine (CBM)for all ran-domized controlled trials (RCTs)about the efficacy of dexmedetomidine versus drugs of fentanyl class (fentanyl,sufentanil,remifentanil)for induction in awake intubation patients.The quality of the studies was evaluated by the method recommended by Cochrane Collaboration.Meta-analysis was con-ducted using the Cochrane Collaboration's RevMan 5.0 software.Results Ten RCTs involving 400 patients were included in our Meta-analysis.The results of meta-analysis showed that the ramsay se-dation scores in awake intubation patients was higher in group dexmedetomidine than that of group fentanyl-class drugs (P<0.05).Compared with group fentanyl-class drugs,the incidence of compli-cations such as hypertension,respiratory depression,bucking and post-surgical memory in the group dexmedetomidine was lower (P<0.05).Conclusion The efficacy of dexmedetomidine is better than that fentanyl-class drugs for induction in awake intubation patients.

Objective To evaluate the protective effects of lung protective ventilation on the lungs in patients undergoing radical resection for esophageal cancer.Methods Sixty-eight patients of both sexes,aged 40-64 yr,of ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,with body mass index 17-40 kg/m2,scheduled for elective radical resection for esophageal cancer,were randomly divided into conventional ventilation group (CV group,n =34) and protective ventilation group (PV group,n =34) using a random number table.Double lumen tube was inserted after induction of anesthesia,an anesthesia machine was connected,and the patients were mechanically ventilated.In group CV,VT was set at 10 ml/kg during two-lung ventilation,and VT was set at 7 ml/kg,and I ∶ E was set at 1 ∶ 2 during one-lung ventilation.In group PV,VT was set at 7 ml/kg during two-lung ventilation,VT was set at 5 ml/kg,I ∶ E was set at 1 ∶ 2,and PEEP was set at 10 cmH2O during one-lung ventilation,and bilateral lung recruitment maneuver was performed every 45 min.Before induction of anesthesia,and at days 1,3,and 5 after surgery,blood gas analysis was performed,and Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score was recorded.Before induction of anesthesia,and at 5 days after surgery,point-of-care testing for pulmonary function was performed,and percentages of maximum ventilatory volume (MVV％),forced vital capacity (FVC％),and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1％) were recorded,and FEV1/FVC was calculated.The development of respiratory failure,pulmonary atelectasis and incision infection was recorded within 5 min after surgery.Results Compared with group CV,MVV％,FVC％,FEV1％ and FEV1/FVC were significantly increased,Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score was decreased at each time point after surgery,SaO2 and PaO2 were increased,and no significant changes were found in pulmonary atelectasis and incision infection in group PV.Conclusion Lung protective ventilation can effectively protect the lungs in the patients undergoing radical resection for esophageal cancer.

Objective To evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine on postoperative cognitive function in the aged patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy.Methods Forty patients,aged 65-80 yr,of ASA physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ,scheduled for elective carotid endarterectomy,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =20 each):control group (group C) and dexmedetomidine group (group DEX).Anesthesia was induced with midazolam,etomidate,fentanyl and rocuronium.The patients were tracheally intubated.In group DEX,a loading dose of dexmedetomidine 0.03 μg· kg-1 ·min-1 was infused intravenously for 10 min starting from the time point before induction,and dexmedetomidine 0.30μg· kg-1 ·min-1 was infused until 30 min before the end of operation starting from the end of intubation.The equal volume of normal saline was given instead of dexmedetomidine in group C.At 1 day before operation (To) and 6 and 24 h after operation (T1.2),venous blood samples were collected for determination of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations.The cognitive function of the patients was assessed using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) at To,T2,and 48 h,72 h,7days and 1 month after operation (T3-6).Results Compared with the baseline value at T0,the serum BDNFconcentrations were significantly increased at T1 in the two groups,MMSE scores were decreased at T2,3 in groupC,and MMSE scores were decreased,and the serum BDNF concentrations were increased at T2 in group DEX.Compared with group C,the MMSE scores were significantly increased at T3.4,the serum BDNF concentrations were increased at T2,and no significant change was found in MMSE scores at T5.6 in group DEX.Conclusion Dexmedetomidine is helpful in improving postoperative cognitive function and in promoting the recovery of postoperative cognitive function,and the mechanism may be related to enhanced production of endogenous BDNF in the aged patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Endocrine Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Neoplasms ; surgery ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; surgery ; Young Adult

Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pharyngeal Diseases ; pathology ; Polyps ; pathology

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) signaling pathway in mice with endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI).Methods Twenty-four male C57BL/6 mice,weighing 20-25 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=8 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),endotoxin-induced ALI group (group ALI),and dexmedetomidine group (group Dex).ALI was induced with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 5 mg/kg injected intraperitoneally.Dexmedetomidine 40 μg/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 1 h after LPS injection in group Dex,while the equal volume of normal saline was given in C and ALI groups.At 6 h after LPS injection,blood samples were collected from the carotid artery to detect arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2).The mice were then sacrificed,and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for determination of the concentrations of total protein,interleukin-1β (IL-1β),IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-or (TNF-α).The lung tissues were removed for determination of wet to dry lung weight ratio (W/D ratio),and expression of phosphorylated JAK2 (p-JAK2),phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3),IL-1β mRNA,IL-6 mRNA and TNF-α mRNA,and for examination of the pathological changes which were scored.Results Compared with group C,the PaO2 was significantly decreased,and W/D ratio,lung injury score,concentrations of total protein,IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α in BALF,and expression of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA,p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 were increased in ALI and Dex groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group ALI,the PaO2 was significantly increased,and W/D ratio,lung injury score,concentrations of total protein,IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α in BALF,and expression of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA,p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 were decreased in group Dex (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which dexmedetomidine attenuates LPS-induced ALI is probably related to inhibition of activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in mice.

Objective To evaluate the effect of goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) on postoperative cognitive function in the patients undergoing intracranial tumor resection.Methods One hundred patients of both sexes,aged 45-64 yr,weighing 50-70 kg,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ,scheduled for elective cerebral glioma or meningioma resection,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=50 each) using a random number table:GDFT group (group G) and conventional fluid therapy group (group C).The mean arterial pressure was maintained at 65-110 mmHg,urine volume ＞0.5 ml · kg-1 · h-1,and central venous pressure at 8-12 cmH2O in group C.In group G,GDFT was performed using FloTrac/Vigileo system,and the cardiac index was maintained at 2.5-4.0 L · min-1 · n 2,stroke volume variation≤ 13％,mean arterial pressure at 65-110 mmHg,and stroke volume index at 35-47 ml/m2.The requirement for crystalloid and colloid,urine volume,blood loss,and requirement for vasoactive agents were recorded during operation.Before induction of anesthesia (baseline),when the dura of brain was opened,at the end of tumor removal,at the end of operation,and at 24 h after operation (T0-4),venous blood samples were taken to determine the concentrations of serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S100β protein by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The patient's cognitive function was assessed using Mini-Mental State Examination at T0 and 7 days after operation (T5).Results Compared with the baseline value at T0,the serum NSE and S100β protein concentrations were significantly increased at T24 in the two groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group C,the requirement for colloid,total volume of fluid infused and urine volume during operation were significantly increased,the serum NSE and S100β protein concentrations were significantly decreased at T3,4 (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in Mini-Mental State Examination score at T0 and T5 in group G (P＞0.05).Conclusion GDFT based on FloTrac/Vililgeo system can reduce the damage to brains after operation,but it has no significant effect on postoperative cognitive function in the patients undergoing intracranial tumor resection.