Objective The present study was to differentiate the hyperdensities on CT immediately after intra-arterial thrombolysis in patients with acute isehemic stroke.Methods Twenty two patients with acute ischemic stroke were treated with intra-arterial combining with intravenous thrombolysis within 6 hours after onset.All patients underwent nonenhaneed CT scans before,immediately and 24 hours after thrombolytic therapy.The hyperdensities on CT after intra-arterial thrombolysis were analyzed retrospectively.Results Five hyperdense areas were seen in 22 patients immediately after thrombolytie therapy.According to their locations, CT values and follow-up CT scans,the hyperdensities on CT imaging were classified into two groups:contrast enhancement and hemorrhagic transformation.The former was characterized by rapid clearance of the hyperdensity lesion with maximum Hounsifild Unit＜90,on the contrary,the latter was noted by persistence of hyperdensity lesion after 24 hours CT scan with maximum Hounsifild Unit＞90.Two of the five hyperdense lesion patients were confirmed to be contrast enhancement with location in cerebral cortex,the other were hemorrhagic transformation,mostly located in basal ganglia.Hyperdensity in patients with contrast enhancement showed neurological improvement although no further medical cares were offered.Conclusions Different kind of hyperdensity on CT immediately after intra-arterial thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke can be differentiated according to its location,CT value and follow-up CT scan.When contrast enhancement occurred,no further medical care is needed.

OBJECTIVETo detect cadmium in environmental and food samples by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICPAES).

METHODSAn indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IC-ELISA) was developed based on a cadmium-specific monoclonal antibody. IC-ELISA for cadmium in environmental and food samples was evaluated.

RESULTSIC-ELISA showed an IC50 of 45.6 microg/L with a detection limit of 1.95 microg/L for cadmium, and showed a mean recovery ranging 97.67%-107.08%. The coefficient of variations for intra- and interassay was 3.41%-6.61% and 4.70%-9.21%, respectively. The correlation coefficient between IC-ELISA and GFAAS was 0.998.

CONCLUSIONIC-ELISA can detect and quantify cadmium residue in environmental or food samples.

Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Cadmium ; chemistry ; Environmental Pollutants ; chemistry ; Food Contamination ; analysis ; Immunoassay ; methods ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Heavy metal leftover on farm and stock products has become a big threat to human. It is necessary to develop some fast and efficient detection methods. Heavy metal immunoassays are new methods for detection of heavy metal ions. Compared to the traditional chemical methods, immunoassays are not only fast, cheap, simple, but also reasonably portable, highly sensitive and selective. It can be used as preliminary screening for rapid determination of heavy metal ions. Except chemical chelators, phytochelatin and metallothionein can also be used for preparing immunogen, both of them can chelate heavy metal ions to carrier protein. There are two prototype assays: polyclonal antibody immunoassay and monoclonal antibody immunoassay. The former includes fluorescence polarization immunoassay; the latter includes indirectly competitive ELISA, one-step competitive immunoassay and KinExA immunoassay. Among these assays, indirectly competitive ELISA which was used for determining heavy metal ions in the early days was easy to be interfered and showed false positive. Fluorescence polarization immunoassay which used polyclonal antibody for determining heavy metal ions was simple and cheap. KinExA instrument could be functioned as an immunosensor for environmental samples. One-step immunoassay which avoided to the addition of second antibody and chromogenic substrate was simple and sensitive. Colloidal gold enhanced immunochromatography assay is a semi-quantitation for determining heavy metal ions. As an adjunctive way for chemical methods, it has the potential application in rapid determination of heavy metal ions.
Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; immunology ; Gold ; chemistry ; Humans ; Immunoassay ; methods ; Metals, Heavy ; analysis ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo study possible impairment mechanisms of learning and memory abilities from unsaturated fatty acids in hippocampus of mice exposed to lead.

METHODSForty-eight healthy mice were divided into 4 groups: low dose (0.625 g/L), middle dose (1.250 g/L) and high dose (2.500 g/L) of lead solution in diet and control group (distilled water). The mice in treatment groups were fed with lead solution every day while the mice in control group were fed with distilled water for 50 days. After learning and memory abilities were measured, the mice were killed and contents of oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2), linolenic acid (C18:3), arachidonic acid (AA,C20:4), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA,C20:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 ) in hippocampus of mice were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

RESULTS(1) In the four training days, the mice treated with lead in the middle dose group and high dose group significantly increased the escape latencies compared with the mice treated with distilled water (P<0.05), and on the 4th day, the low dosage mice's escape latencies were delayed (P<0.05). The escape latencies of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th day had significantly positive linear relation with lead dose. Their relative coefficient in turn is r=0.973, 0.985, 0.929 and 0.936, indicating that lead harmed spatial memory of mice in Morris water maze (MWM). (2) The contents of C18:2 and AA were obviously enhanced in hippocampus of middle and high dosage (P<0.05); while there was evident decrease in the contents of C18:3, EPA and DHA (P<0.05); the content of C18:1 was decreased significantly in high dosage group (P<0.01). The mice's escape latencies had significantly negative linear relation with contents of C18:1, C18:3, EPA and DHA, while there was positive linear relation significantly with contents of C18:2 and AA. Their relative coefficient in turn was r=-0.901, -0.914, -0.893, -0.855, 0.936, 0.727.

CONCLUSIONLead interferes with the metabolism of hippocampus fatty acids and affects membrane function in hippocampus of mice, which might contribute to change of the synthesis, metabolism and release of central neurotransmitter and decrease of the learning and memory abilities.

Animals ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ; metabolism ; Female ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Lead ; toxicity ; Male ; Maze Learning ; drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR

The paper is to report the establishment of a population pharmacokinetic model for flurbiprofen (FP), an active metabolite of flurbiprofen axetil (FA). 246 FP serum concentration and clinical data were perspectively collected from 23 general anaesthesia patients receiving FA intravenously before operation in Dentofacial Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University. Population pharmacokinetic data analysis was performed using NONMEM software. The measure of Bootstrap was applied for internal validation, while Visual Predictive check was adopted for external validation. The data of FP correspond with two-compartment model. The body weight (WT) had conspicuous effect on clearance and volume of central compartment, while sex, age and daily dose of administration had no marked effect on pharmacokinetic parameter of FP. The basic model was described as follows: CL (L x h(-1)) = 1.28x EXP(ETA(1)), V1 (L) = 5.03x EXP(ETA(2)), Q (L x h(-1)) = 8.5 x EXP(ETA(3)), V2 (L) = 4.39 x EXP(ETA(4)). The final model was described as follows: CL (L x h(-1)) = 1.32 x (WT/60) x EXP(ETA(1)), V1 (L) = 5.23 x (WT/60) x EXP(ETA(2)), Q (L x h(-1)) = 8.45 x EXP(ETA(3)), V2 (L) = 4.37 x EXP(ETA(4)). The population typical value of CL, V1, Q and V2 were: 1.32 L x h(-1), 5.23 L, 8.45 L x h(-1) and 4.37 L, respectively. Bootstrap and visual predictive check show that the final model of FP is stable, effective and predictable. A novel population pharmacokinetic model is developed to estimate the individual pharmacokinetic parameter for patients intravenous injecting FA in terms of patients' characteristics and dosing history, and to design a prior dosage regimen.
Adult ; Aged ; Analgesics ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Body Weight ; Female ; Flurbiprofen ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; therapeutic use ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; surgery ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Biological ; Pain, Postoperative ; drug therapy ; prevention & control ; Prospective Studies ; Software ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo determine the effect of early enteral nutrition (EN) on immune function of the patients after operation for severe abdominal trauma.

METHODSFourty patients who underwent operation for severe abdominal trauma were randomly divided into two groups, and received an early enteral nutrition (EN group, n=20) through jejunal nutritional tube from postoperative day 1, or parental nutrition (PN group, n=20) for 7 days. C3, IgA, IgM, IgG and CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+ of the two groups patients were detected on the day before operation and the postoperative day 1 and 8. The infection complications were compared.

RESULTSAfter 7 days, the levels of C3+, IgA, IgG, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+/CD8+ in EN group increased significantly compared with those in PN group (P< 0.05). The incidence of infection was 10% in EN group, while 30% in PN group (P< 0.05).

CONCLUSIONEarly enteral nutrition can improve immune function and decrease postoperative infection after operation for severe abdominal trauma.

Abdominal Injuries ; immunology ; surgery ; Adolescent ; Adult ; CD3 Complex ; analysis ; CD4 Antigens ; analysis ; CD4-CD8 Ratio ; CD8 Antigens ; analysis ; Complement C3 ; analysis ; Enteral Nutrition ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; analysis ; Immunoglobulin G ; analysis ; Male ; Postoperative Period ; Young Adult

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of detachable balloons,detachable coils and intracranial covered stents in management of intracranial giant aneurysms.Methods From April 1998 to March 2006,20 patients with a giant or very large aneurysm were treated by parent artery occlusion(PAO), coils embolization and covered stent,in which 9 aneurysms were treated by PAO,8 by coils embolization and 3 by covered stent at initial management.Two recurrent aneurysms treated by coils embolization were performed by covered stent.Follow-up 9-83 months,mean 41.1?25.3 months.Immediate postprocedural angiographic outcomes were categorized as complete occlusion(100%),subtotal occlusion(95%-99%),and incomplete occlusion(＜95%)of the aneurysms;and follow-up angiographic outcomes were categorized as stable, thrombosis,and recanalization.Clinical outcomes were graded according to a modified Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS).Results Endovascular treatment was technically feasible in all aneurysms without procedural-related complications.Immediate postprocedural angiograms showed complete occlusion was achieved in 11 aneurysms, subtotal occlusion in 7 and incomplete occlusion in 2.One patient with incomplete occlusion died on the seventh day with a rebleeding.The final angiographic findings in nineteen survival patients confirmed a complete occlusion in 15 aneurysms,subtotal occlusion in 3 and incomplete occlusion in 1,in which 10 parent arteries were successfully preserved.No rebleeding occurred during the follow-up period.The clinical evaluation performed at final follow-up in 19 patients revealed that the symptoms disappeared in 11 patients and improved in 8 in the modified GOS.Conclusions Treatment of giant intracranial aneurysms with coiling was associated with a low complete occlusion rate and a high recanalization rate.Treatment with endovascular parent artery occlusion remains practical,but this technique may result in damage to the parent artery and cause cerebral ischemic events.The use of an intracranial covered stent proved to be a relatively simple and safe procedure and maintained the pateney of the parent artery.

BACKGROUNDThe application of pulmonary valved conduit to reconstruct the continuity between right ventricles and pulmonary artery is one of the major surgeries. This study aimed to establish an in vivo model of in situ implantation using pulmonary valved conduit in large animals under off-pump condition to validate the long-term effects of artificial pulmonary valved conduit.

METHODSDomesticate juvenile male sheep and tissue-engineered porcine pulmonary valved conduit were used for the experiment: 30 sheep, weighing (15 ± 3) kg (range 13 to 17 kg) were randomly divided into two groups which were all operated under general anesthesia by off-pump surgery (group 1) and left thoracotomy (group 2). Two different off-pump surgical methods were used to perform cannulation in sheep pulmonary artery to replace part of sheep pulmonary artery with pulmonary valved conduit which will work together with sheep pulmonary artery and valves. During the experiments, animal survival, complication rates, operating time and blood loss were recorded to compare the results between groups and to establish a surgical method with minimal invasion, simplicity, safety, and high success rates.

RESULTSIn group 1, a total of 15 cases of surgeries were performed, in which two sheep died; the operative mortality was 13.3% (2/15). In group 2, a total of 15 cases of surgeries were performed, and the surgical mortality rate was 0 (0/15). The operation time and blood loss in group 2 was significantly better than that in group 1. The postoperative echocardiograms showed that, after the surgeries by these two methods, the blood flows were normal, and the valves can open and close freely. Autopsy after 6 months showed that the inner wall and the valves of pulmonary valved conduit were smooth with no thrombus formation.

CONCLUSIONThese two off-pump methods are feasible and safe with fewer traumas; but the second method is better and particularly suitable for the establishment of a juvenile animal model.

Animals ; Heart Valve Prosthesis ; Male ; Pulmonary Valve ; Sheep ; Swine ; Tissue Engineering

OBJECTIVETo establish a method for determining the content of primary chemical constituents in the leaves of Cassia angustifolia.

METHODThe HPLC with Diamonsil C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) column was used , acetonitrile-1% acetic acid (10:90-15: 85-18: 82-20: 80-25: 75) in a gradient manner was used as a mobile phase, with flow rate of 1 mL x min(-1), column temperature at 40 degrees C and detection wavelength at 270 nm.

RESULTThe results showed that 5 effective components all separated well and showed good linearity.

CONCLUSIONThe method was proved to be rapid, sensitive, accurate, credible and repeatable. It can be applied to quality control of Folium Sennae.

Anthraquinones ; chemistry ; Apigenin ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; Naphthalenes ; chemistry ; Reproducibility of Results ; Senna Extract ; Senna Plant ; chemistry ; Temperature

BACKGROUNDDifferent kinds of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) procedures have now been used in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Compared with traditional TKA procedure with a long skin incision, clinical studies showed MIS procedures had some advantages. Quadriceps sparing (QS) procedures are the most minimally invasive MIS procedure until now. This study was aimed to find the insertion types for Chinese patients' vastus medialis and if the QS procedure had some advantages in patients' early recovery.

METHODSBetween February 2006 and May 2007, 120 consecutive patients underwent unilateral primary TKA under general anesthesia, among whom 14 patients were lost to follow-up, the remaining 106 cases were enrolled in this study. Among the 106 cases there were 85 right knees, 21 left knees (15 men and 91 women, with a mean age of 65.1+/-7.4 years); osteoarthritis in 97 patients (91.5%) and rheumatoid arthritis in 9 patients (8.5%). MIS TKA was performed in 49 cases (MIS TKA group), while MIS-QS TKA in 57 cases (MIS-QS TKA group). During the operation, the type I, II and III insertions of the vastus medialis for all patients were recorded. Each knee was rated post-operatively according to the Hospital of Special Surgery (HSS) scoring system. Clinical follow-up was undertaken at 1 week, 2, 6, 12 and 24 weeks. Operating time and complications were recorded.

RESULTSThere was no statistically significant difference between the two groups for gender distribution, age, left or right knee incidence, pre-operative diagnosis, incidence of varus or valgus deformity. Of the 106 cases there was 1 (0.9%) case with a type I insertion of the vastus medialis, 4 (3.8%) cases with type II insertions, 101 (95.3%) cases with type III insertions. The HSS scoring was significantly different between the MIS-QS TKA group and MIS TKA group within the first two weeks post operation. From 2 weeks later to 24 weeks, no significant difference was found. The average operating time was (53.3+/-12.4) minutes in the MIS TKA group and (64.1+/-15.1) minutes in the MIS-QS TKA group (P<0.001). In the MIS-QS TKA group, 1 patient had delayed healing of the partial skin incision (1.8%). No other complications were found in either group.

CONCLUSIONSAlthough most of the Chinese patients had type III insertions of the vastus medialis, the MIS-QS TKA procedure showed less injury to the quadriceps than the standard MIS TKA and this could contribute to the earlier recovery of the patients. But a shorter skin incision and more tension on the skin may also lead to more skin complications.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anesthesia Recovery Period ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Quadriceps Muscle ; surgery ; Time Factors