Seven compounds were isolated from fermentation extract of cave-derived Metarhizium anisopliae NHC-M3-2 by silica gel, semi-preparative HPLC and other chromatographic methods. Their structures were elucidated by UV, IR, MS and NMR methods as 2,3-dehydroindigotide G (1), (-)-regiolone (2), naphtho-γ-pyrone (3), indigotide G (4), indigotide B (5) destruxin A (6) and destruxin B (7). Compound 1 is a new glycoside naphthopyranone compound. The anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity of these compounds was evaluated. The EC₅₀ and CC₅₀ of compound 3 against HBV were 4.5 μmol·L^-1 and 92.3 μmol·L^-1, respectively. This is the first report of the antiviral activity of compound 3.

Nitric oxide has emerged as a key signaling molecule in plants recently. The role of nitric oxide in elicitor-induced defense responses of plants has been extensively investigated. In this work, sodium nitroprusside was utilized as the donor of nitric oxide to investigate the effects of exogenous nitric oxide on hypericin production and cell growth of suspension cell cultures of Hypericum perforatum L.. Compared with the untreated Hypericum perforatum L. suspension cells, external application of 0.5 and 15.0 mmol/L sodium nitroprusside induced 1.4 and 0.5-fold dry cell weight, and 0.9 and 2.1-fold hypericin content respectively. The results showed that low concentration of sodium nitroprusside promoted the growth of Hypericum perforatum L. suspension cells, while high concentration of sodium nitroprusside enhanced hypericin biosynthesis in Hypericum perforatum L. suspension cells. The maximum hypericin production was achieved by adding 0.5 mmol/L and 15.0 mmol/L sodium nitroprusside to the culture at day 0 and day 14 respectively, increasing the total hypericin yield by nearly 3.2-fold. The effects of sodium nitroprusside on hypericin content and growth of Hypericum perforatum L. suspension cells were abolished by nitric oxide specific scavenger 2-4-carboxyphenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide, which indicated that the effects of the application of sodium nitroprusside were caused by nitric oxide released from sodium nitroprusside rather than sodium nitroprusside itself. The results also showed that 15.0 mmol/L sodium nitroprusside stimulated the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), one of the key enzymes of phenylpropanoid pathway, in suspension cells of Hypericum perforatum L., which suggested that the synthetic pathway of hypericin might be activated by NO through triggering the defense responses of Hypericum perforatum L. suspension cells.
Cells, Cultured ; Hypericum ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Nitroprusside ; pharmacology ; Perylene ; analogs & derivatives ; metabolism ; Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase ; metabolism ; Plant Growth Regulators ; biosynthesis

Humans ; Homicide ; Forensic Pathology

Objective To explore the cognitive level of medical statistics course in undergraduate nurse students studying traditional Chinese medicine and the methods to improve the present teaching method,and to develop statistical thinking of students with the view of promoting the research level of students.Methods With the nursing project and teaching method of enlightening interesting,A self-designed questionnaire was used to survey the cognitive level of 142 undergraduate nurse students studying traditional Chinese medicine in Nanjing University of TCM,all of them had completed the medical statistics curricula.Results Total of 142 students were collected,most students had confidence in studying the course.90.1％ students had gasped the basic thought,51.4％ students did not think about the future research work,80.3％ students had realized the existence of variance and error,16.9％ students thought nursing of Chinese medicine had disadvantages compared to Western medicine.Most students supported the application of statistical software.Among several examination methods,practice a specific data or distinguish data processing error was the methods that more accepted by students.Conclusions Nursing of Chinese medicine has broad and bright prospects,thus,it is essential to raise the scientific cognition and data procession level of nursing students.Data pertaining Chinese medicine is complicated and it is vital to deep the teaching of medical statistics course,to raise the studying interesting,to practice the concrete data and to teach the theory course combine with the software.

Objective To explore the reason and remedy on tumor patients' PICC misplacement.Methods The reason of 32 tumor patients' PICC misplacement were analyzed. The patients whose PICC misplaced were observed by X-ray,and then regulated to precava before remove the wire.Results PICC misplacement was much more observed in patients who was sixty years old or above than that of their younger counterpart (x2 =4.733,P ＜0.05).87.5％ of PICC misplacement were observed in the ipsilateral vein and less observed in right upper extremity ( x2 =7.552,P =0.006).The rate of PICC misplacement of cephalic vein,median cubital vein and basilic vein respectively were 15.7％,8.89％ and 8.12％.And there was no significant difference was detected in the gender,method and the location of cancer ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Finally,all the misplacement PICC were regulated to the right place.Conclusions Adept technology makes success,and more attention should pay to elderly patients.It is better to insert PICC in patient' s right upper extremity,especially basilic vein,and then median cubital vein.Utilize the X-ray to adjust patients position,and matching inspiration to adjust PICC' s location in order to avoid misplacement.

OBJECTIVETo determine the effect of early enteral nutrition (EN) on immune function of the patients after operation for severe abdominal trauma.

METHODSFourty patients who underwent operation for severe abdominal trauma were randomly divided into two groups, and received an early enteral nutrition (EN group, n=20) through jejunal nutritional tube from postoperative day 1, or parental nutrition (PN group, n=20) for 7 days. C3, IgA, IgM, IgG and CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+ of the two groups patients were detected on the day before operation and the postoperative day 1 and 8. The infection complications were compared.

RESULTSAfter 7 days, the levels of C3+, IgA, IgG, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+/CD8+ in EN group increased significantly compared with those in PN group (P< 0.05). The incidence of infection was 10% in EN group, while 30% in PN group (P< 0.05).

CONCLUSIONEarly enteral nutrition can improve immune function and decrease postoperative infection after operation for severe abdominal trauma.

Abdominal Injuries ; immunology ; surgery ; Adolescent ; Adult ; CD3 Complex ; analysis ; CD4 Antigens ; analysis ; CD4-CD8 Ratio ; CD8 Antigens ; analysis ; Complement C3 ; analysis ; Enteral Nutrition ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; analysis ; Immunoglobulin G ; analysis ; Male ; Postoperative Period ; Young Adult

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of detachable balloons,detachable coils and intracranial covered stents in management of intracranial giant aneurysms.Methods From April 1998 to March 2006,20 patients with a giant or very large aneurysm were treated by parent artery occlusion(PAO), coils embolization and covered stent,in which 9 aneurysms were treated by PAO,8 by coils embolization and 3 by covered stent at initial management.Two recurrent aneurysms treated by coils embolization were performed by covered stent.Follow-up 9-83 months,mean 41.1?25.3 months.Immediate postprocedural angiographic outcomes were categorized as complete occlusion(100%),subtotal occlusion(95%-99%),and incomplete occlusion(＜95%)of the aneurysms;and follow-up angiographic outcomes were categorized as stable, thrombosis,and recanalization.Clinical outcomes were graded according to a modified Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS).Results Endovascular treatment was technically feasible in all aneurysms without procedural-related complications.Immediate postprocedural angiograms showed complete occlusion was achieved in 11 aneurysms, subtotal occlusion in 7 and incomplete occlusion in 2.One patient with incomplete occlusion died on the seventh day with a rebleeding.The final angiographic findings in nineteen survival patients confirmed a complete occlusion in 15 aneurysms,subtotal occlusion in 3 and incomplete occlusion in 1,in which 10 parent arteries were successfully preserved.No rebleeding occurred during the follow-up period.The clinical evaluation performed at final follow-up in 19 patients revealed that the symptoms disappeared in 11 patients and improved in 8 in the modified GOS.Conclusions Treatment of giant intracranial aneurysms with coiling was associated with a low complete occlusion rate and a high recanalization rate.Treatment with endovascular parent artery occlusion remains practical,but this technique may result in damage to the parent artery and cause cerebral ischemic events.The use of an intracranial covered stent proved to be a relatively simple and safe procedure and maintained the pateney of the parent artery.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of dense-packing auto hair grafting technique on the restoration of seborrheic alopecia. Methods With local anesthesia, a scalp strip was harvested from the back of the head. Under operating microscope (Various graft was created from the scalp strip, including micro-grafts with 1-2 hairs, mini-grafts with 3-4 hairs and sliver graft with 5-6 hairs. In the alopecia recipient area, micro slots were made with a small triangle-edged needle for the micro-grafts,mini slits were made with mini blade for the mini-grafts and foramen ovale were made with a slot punch. The grafts were then implanted into these holes. Results 32 cases of seborrheice alopecia were treated with the above mentioned technique from March 2007 to July 2009. Postoperative following up for 12-24 month showed that the grafted hairs were growing well with average 90 % survival of the hair. 81 % of the patients obtained satisfactory results with only one stage operation. Six patients needed the second operation to improve the appearance. All of the patients were satisfied with the appearance. Conclusions The dense-packing hair grafting technique with various grafts not only saves time of operation, but also obtains dense grafted hair and well appearance. The results are satisfactory to most patients with only one stage operation.

Objective To explore the application of the involvement of micro-guide wire in the peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) ectopic reset.Methods Totals of 74 patients with PICC ectopic were divided into experimental group and control group,and each group included 37 cases.The experimental group reset ectopie PICC through placing micro-guide wire under the guidance of digital subtraction angiography,while control group adjusted patient position and sent catheter according to conventional methods.The success rate of a reset,the operating time,the incidence of mechanical phlebitis were observed.Results The success rate of a reset in experimental group and control group were 100％ and 83.88％,respectively.The operation time during reset procedure were 4 min and 5 min in experimental and control group,respectively.Regarding the incidence of mechanical phlebitis due to reset,2.7％ in experimental group and 21.62％ in control group,there were statistical differences in three observational indexes( x2 =6.529,7.400,respectively;Z =-1.989;P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜0.01 ).Conclusions The involvement of micro-guide wire in the PICC ectopic adjustment can reduce the incidence of mechanical phlebitis and have a high reduction ratio.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of a long-term community-based intervention program on risk factors of stroke among people with different risk factors.

METHODSIn 1987,2 geographically separated communities with 10 000 registered residents of each, were selected as either intervention or control communities in Beijing and Changsha. A cohort containing 2700 subjects at the age of 35 years or older,and free of stroke were sampled from each community. The baseline survey was conducted to screen the subjects at high risk for intervention and there were 5319 and 5506 subjects enrolled in intervention and control cohorts,respectively. Then,a program for controlling the risk factors of stroke was initiated in the intervention cohort and health education was provided to the whole intervention community. A follow-up survey was conducted in 1999. The information on incidence and mortality of stroke was collected.

RESULTSComparing with the control cohort, the risk of incidence and mortality of stroke decreased by 22 % ( HR = 0.78,95 % CI:0. 66-0.92) and 73 % (HR = 0.27,95 % CI:0. 17-0.42) in intervention cohort. The risks of stroke were lower in intervention cohort than in control cohort among almost all of the sub-groups with or without risk factors of stroke except for being male,current smokers and current alcohol drinkers. The risk of death caused by stroke decreased significantly in those with or without the risk factors of stroke.

CONCLUSIONThe long-term community intervention on the risk factors of stroke could effectively reduce the risk of incidence and mortality of stroke among people with or without the risk factors of stroke. More attention should be paid to the males and those who smoke or drink alcohol.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cohort Studies ; Community Health Services ; Female ; Health Education ; Health Services Research ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Stroke ; epidemiology ; mortality ; prevention & control