Objective To summarize the methods and experiences of aortic arch surgery. Methods In 75 aortic arch operations, 74 were performed by using deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA), including retrograde cerebral perfusion (RCP) in 54 cases and antegrade selective cerebral perfusion (SCP) in 20 cases. Surgical procedures included ascending aortic and hemiarch grafting in 53 cases, which concomitantly included stent placement intra decending aorta in 11, patching of arch intimal tear in 6 and of decending aortic one in 3. Ascending and total arch grafting in 20 cases,which concomitantly included traditional elephant trunk procedure in 12 and stent placement intra decending aorta in 4. Simple arch aneurysm resection in 1 and arch grafting in 1. Concomitant procedures included Bentall procedure in 17 cases, AVR in 12, Cabrol procedure in 3, mitral valvuloplasty in 5 and aortic valvuloplasty in 9. DHCA time ranged from 9 to 120 min (mean 42.3 min). Results Operative mortality was 6.7%. The most common complications were respiratory insufficiency(11 cases), renal insufficience(7 cases) and temporary mental anomaly(9 cases). Conclusion DHCA+RCP and DHCA+SCP are both effective while the latter is more suitable for complex aortic arch surgery. The choice of surgical procedures depends on the nature of lesion and location of intimal tear. Preoperative condition and surgical technique are the essential factors to success in aortic arch surgery.

The experiences of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG ) surgery and perioperative management for critical patients are reported. Forty-five critical CAD patients aged from 41 to 78 years old with 32 male and 13 female underwent CABG.The critical conditions included coronary artery disease complicated with left ventricular dysfunction (LVEF less than 30%) in 7 patients, heart valve disease in 13, postinfarction giant LV aneurysm in 6, aged 75 years or older patients with hypertension, diabetes, and renal or severe lung dysfunction in 8, and emergent CABG because of insufficient blood supply from left coronary artery during cardiac valve replacement or ascending aortic aneurysm operation in 5. Among all the patients, pure CABG was performed in 20, and CABG with other simultaneous procedures in 25. Each of 45 patients received l to 4 bypass grafts with a mean of 2 9. During the early stage of postoperation,there were low cardiac output syndrome in 6 patients, renal failure in 3, pulmonary failure in 2, and MOSF in 1.With the application of IABP, 5 from 6 LCDS patients recovered.Three patients were complicated with renal failure, and they also recovered with the use of peritoneal or blood dialysis postoperatively. During the early stage of postoperation,two patients (4 4%) died of LCOS and MOSF, respectively. One died of arrhythmia 15 months later after operation .The experiences suggest that control of hypertension,heart rate and diabetes before operation, perfect revascularization of ischemic myocardium and effective myocardial protection during operation,prevention of LCOS and renal failure after operation could improve the results of CAD patients undergoing CABG.

Aim To study the chemical constituents of Cypripedium tibeticum. Methods Compounds were isolated by repeated silica gel chromatography and purified on Sephadex LH-20 and structures were determined by spectral analysis. Results Cypritibetquinones A and B were isolated from the ethyl acetate residue and their structures were determined as 7-hydroxy-2-methoxy-1, 4-phenanthraquinone ( 1 ) and 7-hydroxy-2,10-dimethoxy-1,4-phenanthraquinone ( 2 ), respectively, by extensive spectral analyses. Conclusion Cypritibetquinones A and B are two new phenanthraquinones.

Objective:To determine the molecular role of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) in kidney tumorigenesis. Methods:Tissue samples consisted of 15 cancer tissues and 15 matched adjacent tissues from clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients who had undergone nephrectomy in 2012 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Science and Technology University of Inner Mongolia were collected. Real-time PCR, Western blot, combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA) and methylation specific PCR were used in this study. Real-time PCR was used to examine the mRNA expression levels of DNMT. The global methylation level, DNA methylation level, and the expression of the antioncogene RASSF1A in ccRCC tissues were concurrently detected. Results:Both mRNA and protein levels of DNMT3B4, a splice variant of DNMT3B, were elevated in renal cell carcinoma tissue compared with those in con-troll tissue. Additionally, Alu was hypomethylated in ccRCC tissue (0.106±0.04) compared with control tissue (0.115±0.03) (P<0.05). Fur-thermore, the methylation of the promoter for RASSF1A, a tumor-suppressor gene, moderately increased in renal cell carcinoma tis-sue. By contrast, RASF1A expression decreased. Conclusion:DNMT3B4 overexpression may play an important role in human kidney tu-morigenesis via chromosomal instability and the decreased expression of RASSF1A.

ObjectiveTo report the clinical results of applying free second toe hemiarthrosis to repair finger hemiarthrosis injury,and discussed the countermeasures of relative problems.MethodsFrom June 2005 to January 2010, thirteen fingers of 13 patients with traumatic finger joint injury had repaired by using vascularized second toe hemiarthrosis graft.ResultsAll 13 grafted fingers survived,and all wounds were primary healing.The time of follow-up was between 1.5 and 4.5 years,average of 3.2 years.All grafted joints were healed and the remaining joints were normal in morphology and structure,except for 1 patient subluxation with dorsal slightly convex.No degenerative changes happened to the grafted joints.No pain and no joint instability phenomenon.Nonunion and re-fracture phenomenon did not appear.The average extension of joint motion was 0°.The average flexion was 80°.Healing of the foot donate areas were satisfactory,and did not affect walking function.Using TAM assessment method of the hand joint function,the excellent rate was 90％.ConclusionThe way of using free second toe hemiarthrosis to repair finger hemiarthrosis injury could achieve satisfactory clinical efficacy.To completed set-up of transplanted joint structure and function units,a delicate surgery were improved to be important factors of the surgical treatment.

The changes of the growth characteristics and surface ultrastructure during longterm passages of Wg3h cells that have been transfected with PSV_2-neo (Wg3h-neo) were studied. The results showed that the growth and DNA synthesis rate were evidently higher in the transfected cells than in the parental wg3h cells. The saturation of the transfected cell growth density was also increased, but neither the parental and transfected cells formed cell colony in soft agar medium nor tumor growth in nude mice. There was no significant differences in morphology between the two cell types under light microscopy, however much more microvilli were seen on the transfected cell surface under scanning electron microscopy. Southern blot hybridization analysis indicated that the PSV_2-neo plasmids were integrated into the genome of the target cells. Our results demonstrated that the transfected cells remained as nonmalignant cells although some changes of their growth characteristics and surface ultrastructure appeared.

Objective To examine the preventive effect of magnesium sulfate on hypertension caused by ACTH in the treatment of infantile spasms (IS). Methods 46 children diagnosed as IS were recruited from two hospitals during May, 2011 to October, 2013.23 patients in group A (treatment group) were treated with magnesium sulfate and ACTH in hospital A;another 23 cases in group B (control group) were treated with ACTH only in hospital B. The therapy course was 2 weeks. Results Hyperten-sion was not observed in the treatment group, while 6 children were observed with hypertension in the control group. There was signiifcant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions Magnesium sulfate could prevent the incidence of hyper-tension in the treatment of IS with ACTH, and beneift the completion of treatment course.

Objective:To evaluate whether off pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) has advantages over conventional coronary artery bypass grafting(CCABG). Methods:A total of 362 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting were divided into 2 groups: OPCABG group:152 cases undergoing OPCABG and beating heart via sternotomy; CCABG group,210 cases undergoing CCABG with extracorporeal circulation. Preoperative and postoperative variables of 2 groups were compared. Results:There were no significant differences in sex, age, weight, acute or remote myocardium infarction, hypertension, diabetes and type of bypass grafts between 2 groups.The numbers of bridge vessels were not significantly different between the 2 groups; the incidences of low cardiac output syndrome, atrial fibrillation and atelectasis in OPCABG group were significantly less than those of CCABG group( P

Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of peritoneal dialysis(PD) for acute renal failure(ARF) following cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass and its effect on hemodynamics. Methods:Retrospective data from 88 patients with ARF following cardiac surgery undergoing PD were analyzed. Results:The renal function of the patients recovered within 3 to 39 d of PD, K +] declined to normal level within 1 d, HCO 3 -] declined to normal level within 1 4 d, and BUN and Cr declined by 49.2% and 42.6% respectively within 4 6 d of PD( P

Data mining is to extract the interested information or knowledge from large databases using a series of techniques. The information and knowledge are generally hidden, unknown, but potentially useful, which can be expressed as concepts, rules, laws, modes or other forms. This article introduces the background and concepts of data mining, and reviews its application in medicine and the diagnosis of breast cancer for the most recent years. We also discuss the significance and current problems of this application in the diagnosis of breast cancer.
Breast Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Data Mining ; Decision Trees ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Neural Networks (Computer) ; Support Vector Machine