Objective To investigate the effects of prostaglandin E2(PGE2) in prostate mesenchymal cell activation .Methods To culture human prostate stromal cells WPMY‐1 in vitro ,implement immunofluorescence staining after treating with DMSO and 10-9 mol/L PGE2 and detect the change of the myofibroblast phenotype .The expression of cellular inflammatory factor interleukin 8(IL‐8) was detected by real‐time quantitative PCR and the concentration of IL‐8 was detected .Results PGE2 significantly in‐creased the cellular proportion of colocalization with alpha SMA and Vimentin in WPMY‐1 cells .PGE2 promoted the expression of IL‐8 in WPMY‐1 cells .Conclusion PGE2 can increase myofibroblast phenotype in human prostate mesenchymal cells WPMY‐1 in vitro culture ,promotes the IL‐8 expression ,which has an important role in the occurrence and development of prostate cancer .

Embryonic stem cells(ESCs)are pluripotential cells,and they can be induced to differentiate into bone cells,cartilage cells,muscle cells,blood vessels and neurogenesis cells.In addition,ESCs are able to participate in the regeneration of ocular surface.At present,many research groups,domestic and abroad,have reported that ESCs can not only differentiate into corneal epithelium-like cells,but also play an important role in the repair of corneal epithelium.However,other unsolved problems in ESCs-related corneal tissue engineering are being concerned,such as the molecular biologic mechanism underlying the directional differentiation from ESCs to corneal cells,and the potential tumorigenicity with grafting of transformed or undifferentiated ESCs.The purpose of this review was to provide a summary of research progress in the differentiation of ESCs into corneal epithelial cells.

Objective:To evaluate the effect and toxic side-effect of paclitaxel combined with cisplatin(TP regiment) chemotherapy in treatment of pulmonary metastasis tumor.Methods:Forty tumor patients with pulmonary metastasis accepted chemotherapy by paclitaxel 135mg/m~2 infusion intravenous on d1,and cisplatin 25mg/m~2 daily on d2～4.Each treatment cycle was four weeks.Each patient received more than 2 courses of treatment.Results:In 40 patients,7 were with complete response (17.5%)and 18 were with partial response(45%),the complete remission and partial remission(CR+PR)was 62.5%;The disease kept stable in 11 case(27.5%)and progressed in 4 case(10%).The median time to tumor progression was 6.0months, and the median actuarial survival was10.0 months.The most common toxic side-effects were myelosuppression and alopecia. Conclusion:The combined chemotherapy of paclitaxel and cisplatin is good short-term efficacy in treatment of pulmonary metastasis tumor.The toxic side-effects are tolerable and mild.

The cover letters from 123 affiliated medical institutes in 57 Universities were selected.The departments giving cover letters or signing and the contents of academic standard in the cover letters were summarized and analyzed. It found that the departments were not unified and the contents of the academic standard were little. The same standard was deficient about violation of the academic standard in manuscripts. In this paper it was proposed that the Universities should make standard for the cover letters from their affiliated medical institutes. It could decrease the violation of the academic standard.

Retrograde HRP technique was used to study the somatotopical organization of the raphe—spinal projection of the rat. HRP or wheat germ agglutinin conjugated HRP was injected into unilateral gray matter or dorsal horn of the cervical cord or lumbar cord. The following conclusions have been reached.The caudal part of NRM projects to areas ventral to the dorsal horn. Projection to the dorsal horn was found to originate from the rostral part of NRM, which is somatotopically localized. Cells projecting to the cervical dorsal horn are distributed more rostrally than those to the lumbar dorsal horn, although an extensive overlapping of these two parts is evident. Somatotopical localization in the form of "gap" as suggested by Watkins et al. could not been verified in our experiment.The functional significance of the sornatotopical organization of NRM is discussed.

Based upon Ju and Swanson's studies on the eytoarchitecture of the bed nuclei of stria terminalis (BST) of the rat, the present work studies in detail the distribution of serotonin-immunoreactive fibers and terminals (5-HT-ir fibers) in the BST of the rat with ABC or PAP technique visualized with glucose oxidase-DAB-nickel method. The results are as followsithree types of 5-HT-ir fibers were identified in the BST, viz. thick fibers, thin fibers and varicose fibers. Only varicose fibers were found in the stria extension of the BST, whereas the rest of the BST contained other types as well. In the oval nucleus, juxitacapsular nucleus, fusiform nucleus, posterior dorsal nucleus and principle nucleus,all three types of 5-HT-ir fibers were observed, while the remaining parts of the BST were occupied with thin and varicose fibers. These fibers were distributed unevenly in the BST, with highest density in the ventromedial part of the anterior ventral area and the ventrolateral part of the posterior division; moderate density in the anterior dorsal area, the ventrolateral part of the anterior ventral area and the dorsolateral part of the posterior division; and were scattered in the anterior lateral area and the medial part of the posterior division. The difference in density of 5-HT-ir fibers among various areas of the BST corresponds generally with the sequence of ontogenesis of the BST. Mismatch of the distribution of 5-HT-ir fibers and 5-HT receptors in the BST of the rat is also discussed.

The present work studies the origin of serotonin-immunoreactive fibers and terminals (5-HT-ir fibers) in the bed nuclei of the stria terminalis (BST) of the rat, with combined retrograde tracing and 5-HT immunoperoxidase methods. The results are as follows: 5-HT-ir fibers in the main part of the BST originate mainly from the dorsal and median raphe nuclei in addition to the region adjacent to the medial lemniscus and the caudal linear nucleus raphe. About one third of HRP-labelled neurons in every above-mentioned raphe nucleus are also 5-HT immunoreactive and innervate mainly the ipsilateral BST, and they are constituted by part of every type of 5-HT-ir cells in most regions of these nuclei.

In our previous studies, substance P-like immunoreactive varicose nerve fibers have been demonstrated in the pars distalis of the adenohypophysis of the dog. They were found, at light microscopical level, to be closely related to gland cells. In the present study, the ultrastructure of substance P-like immunoreactive nerve fibers and their relationship with the gland cells of the pars distalis in the dog were investigated by use of pre-embedding immuno-electron microscopy. Direct contacts could be ascertained on every cell type of the gland, including folliculo-stellate cells. Typical synapses were identified on somatotropes and corticotropes, more on the latter. Most of them were of asymmetrical type with round to oval small clear vesicles and scattered large dense cored vesicles. It is considered morphologically proved that the substance P-like immunoreactive nerve fibers have effector role in the pars distalis of the dog.

Based upon Ju and Swanson's recent studies on the cytoarchitecture of the bed nuclei of the stria terminalis (BST) in the rat, the present work studied in detail the distribution of GABA-immunoreactive (GABA-ir) neurons and fibers in the BST of the rat with ABC immunohistochemical method. A large number of GABA-ir neurons were distributed in the dorsal regions of the anterolateral (AL) and anterodorsal (AD) areas as well as the ventral regions of the anteroventral (AV) area and posterior part of the BST, whereas the other regions contained relatively less numbers of GABA-ir cells. GABA-ir neurons which were displayed moderate to high densities in the oval and juxitacapsular nuclei of the AL, the parastrial and fusiform nuclei of the AV, and the principal nucleus of the posterior part were limited within the extent of these nuclei, while the remained regions of the BST were scattered by GABA-ir cells; GABA-ir fibers were concentrated mainly in the dorsal regions of the AL and AD, the parastrial and fusiform nuclei of the AV, and the dorsal regions of the posterior part. In the strial terminalis, numerous GABA-ir fibers were located chiefly in the ventrolateral and ventromedial angles of it. Combined with the results of availlable studies, the above mentioned results indicate that all the fibers which project, by way of the stria terminalis, from the oval nucleus of the BST to the ipsilateral amygdaloid central nucleus (Ce), or from the Ce and amygdaloid medial nucleus to the ipisilateral oval and principal nuclei of the BST may be GABAergic, and among them, the GABAergic projections from the oval nucleus of the BST to the Ce may play an important role in the generation and propagation of epilepsy.

The hyperamplification in centrosomes give rise to a series of biochemical events including formation of multipolar spindle, abnormal segregation of chromosome and aneuploid, promoting the performance of chromosome instability, which is the main pathogenesis of multiple human malignancies.STIL participates in the formation of centrioles, activates CDK1/CyclinB1 complex and promotes mitotic entry.Moreover, it regulated expression of related downstream genes through Sonic Hedgehog signal pathway.Thus, STIL correlates with gastric and pancreatic carcinogenesis and progression.We aim to review the structure and function of STIL, association with malignancies and its potential mechanism.