PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify correlations in hospital nurses' work environment, emotional labor and happiness index to provide basic resources for nurses' happiness at work. METHODS: Resources were gathered from 291 nurses who agreed to participate. Random sampling of nurses in nine hospitals in G-do was done between July 15 and August 14, 2014. Data were analyzed using chi2 tests, independent t-test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple hierarchical regression with SPSS/WIN 18.0. RESULTS: Mean scores (scale of 5) were nurses' work environment, 2.81, emotional labor, 3.24, and happiness index, 2.94. There were significant differences on the happiness index for: age, marriage, children, clinical experience, position, payment, and future work plans and a negative correlation between work environment and emotional labor, emotional labor and happiness index but a positive correlation between happiness index and work environment. Happiness index was influenced by work environment, emotional labor, future work plans. Explanatory power of these variables was 26%. CONCLUSION: Based on the findings of this study, so it is necessary to improve the work environment and reduce the frequency of emotional labor in order to increase the happiness index of hospital nurses.
Child ; Happiness* ; Humans ; Marriage ; Personal Satisfaction

Color developers(CD) have been noted to produce lichen planus like eruption as well as eczematous contact dermatitis. The chemicals involved are derivatives of paraphenylenediamine or aniline, i. e., Kodak CD 2, Kodak CD 3, Agfa TSS. We report a 28-year-old male who showed a feature of lichenoid contact dermatitis after exposure to color developer. Patch test revealed positive reactions to CD2, CD3 and CD4. Skin biopsy from a patch site showed lichen planus-like tissue reaction.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Dermatitis ; Dermatitis, Contact* ; Humans ; Lichen Planus ; Lichens ; Male ; Patch Tests ; Skin

A 52-years-old man had at least 6 attacks of benign recurrent aseptic meningitis in about 1 year. The clinical manifestation, progression, recurrence, and cerebrospinal fluid findings were correlated to the Mollaret's Meningitis. This meningitis is very rare in Korea.
Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Korea ; Meningitis* ; Meningitis, Aseptic* ; Recurrence

Fibromuscular dysplasia is the single leading etiology of renovascular hypertension in children. We report an eight-year-old girl who was admitted for generalized tonic seizure with fibromuscular dysplasia of right renal artery. On admission, she presented hypertension and altered mentality. She had suffered from intermittent severe headache for the past year. Renal angiography of right renal artery showed stenosis, beaded pattern and aneurysms. Brain MRI showed multifocal lesions in parietooccipital, periventricular and external capsular area. She was diagnosed as hypertensive encephalopathy due to fibromuscular dysplasia of renal the artery. Renal angioplasty with ballooning catheter was performed. Successful renal angioplasty dropped her blood pressure to normal level and no more headaches has occurred for more than a year after discharge.
Aneurysm ; Angiography ; Angioplasty ; Arteries ; Blood Pressure ; Brain ; Catheters ; Child ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Female ; Fibromuscular Dysplasia* ; Headache ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertension, Renovascular ; Hypertensive Encephalopathy* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Renal Artery ; Seizures

Granulocytic sarcoma is an uncommon extramedullary localized tumor composed of granulocytic precursor cells. The majority of cases have been reported in association with acute myeloid leukemia(AML) especially in children, but infrequently may occur in patients with myeloproliferative disorders or myelodysplastic syndromes. Most common sites of involvement were bone, soft tissue, lymph nodes and skin, but gastrointestinal tract, testis, central nervous system are also involved rarely. We present an unusual case of granulocytic sarcoma of the intracranium and the retro-orbital soft tissue occurring in a patient with concurrent myelodysplastic syndrome, diagnosed by brain magnetic resonance images and ultrasound guided needle biopsy.
Biopsy, Needle ; Brain ; Central Nervous System ; Child ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Granulocyte Precursor Cells ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes* ; Myeloproliferative Disorders ; Sarcoma, Myeloid* ; Skin ; Testis ; Ultrasonography

Intravenous anesthesia, using sedative for the rapid loss of consciousness and analgesic for the potent and short-acting effect, has been widely done. So tbis study is aimed to see if propofol-fentanyl are effective enough for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy(ESWL) used for outpatient and how it will effects on cardiovascular system. Above all, 45 patients were selected randomly and their blood pressure(BP), heart rate(HR), respiratory rate(RR) and arterial oxygen saturation(SaO2) were measured shortly before giving propofol and fentanyl. Then, after giving propofol and fentanyl, BP,HR, RR and SaO2 were measured as the adequate depth of anesthesia. And after 5 to 10 minutes, ESWL was done. Involuntary movements and pain were checked as additional depth of anesthesia. With the time, HR and SaO2 showed statistically significant decrease with no clnical meanings. And there was no special treatment for involuntary movements founded in 8 patients but 13 patients suffering from pain were given additional fentanyl. In conclusion, intravenous anesthesia with propofol and fentanyl works effectively for ESWL. Therefore if during ESWL, cardiopulmonary functions are monitored carefully, intravenous anesthesia with propofol and fentanyl will be an effective and safe anesthesia.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Intravenous ; Cardiovascular System ; Dyskinesias ; Fentanyl ; Heart ; Humans ; Lithotripsy* ; Outpatients* ; Oxygen ; Propofol ; Shock ; Unconsciousness

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to provide a trend analysis of the prevalence of diabetes relative to the socioeconomic, lifestyle, and physiologic risk factors among Korean adults aged over 30 years for a 10-year period using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. METHODS: Prevalence difference and the slope index of inequality were calculated for each risk factors using binomial regression by considering the repeated cross-sectional features of the data. The prevalence ratio and the relative index of inequality were calculated using log-binomial regression. Linear trend tests were performed using SAS 9.2. RESULTS: Crude prevalence of diabetes increased over the 10-year period, and was higher for men than for women. It was very high for adults 60 years or over, consistently increasing over time. The prevalence among unemployed men, women with higher level of stress, women with hypertension, and adults with serum triglyceride levels over 135 mg/dL increased over the 10-year period in comparison with the respective control group. CONCLUSION: Considering the rapid economic development and associated lifestyle changes in Korea, action should be taken to control the prevalence of diabetes by both preventing and consistently monitoring these identified risk factors using a public-health approach.
Adult ; Aged ; Alcohol Drinking ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Body Mass Index ; Cholesterol/blood ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*epidemiology/pathology ; Exercise ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension/epidemiology ; Life Style ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nutrition Surveys ; Prevalence ; Republic of Korea ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Stress, Psychological ; Triglycerides/blood ; Unemployment

A case is presented of acute respiratory distress resulting from pneumothorax, pneumome-diastinum, pneumoperitoneum and subcutaneous emphysema in a 9 year old female patient having sugery for a cleft palate. This complieation was thought to have been due to inattentive positive pressure ventilation during anesthesia. Bilatera closed thoracotomy was performed in the recovery room. This patient recovered without any other problem.
Anesthesia ; Child ; Cleft Palate ; Female ; Humans ; Pneumoperitoneum* ; Pneumothorax* ; Positive-Pressure Respiration ; Recovery Room* ; Subcutaneous Emphysema* ; Thoracotomy

Nevus lipomatosus cutaneus superficialis is a very rare skin disease which appears at birth or within the firat two decades of life. This uncommon condition is due to collections of ectopic fat cells within the upper and mid-dermis. There are two clinical forms. The first form is a lesion of zonal distribution, present from birth or childhood, usually on the buttocks or the lower back. The second form, a dome or sessile, papule, begins in adult life and is less restricted in distribution, and occurs also on the limbs Coalescence of soft, yellowish papules tends to form cerebriform plaques. The authors experienced two cases of typical nevus lipomatosus cutaneus superficialis. The first case was a 23-year male who had asymptomatic, soft, skin colored, and pea sized confluent nodules on the right lower back area since at birth. The second case was a 35-year female who had asymptomatic, multiple, soft, skin colored from rice to walnut sized confluent nodules on the coccygeal area which developed at the age of 27. Diagnosis was confirmed by clinical and histopathological findings.
Adipocytes ; Adult ; Buttocks ; Diagnosis ; Extremities ; Female ; Fluconazole ; Humans ; Juglans ; Male ; Nevus* ; Parturition ; Peas ; Skin ; Skin Diseases

We evaluated the distribution of normal conjuctival flora and the change of antibiotic sensitivity of cultured bacteria. Specimens were obtained from inferior conjunctiva cul de sac with sterile cotton-tipped applicator from healthy 216 human beings. Antibiotic sensitivity test was done by disk diffusion method. The results indicated that overall positive culture rate was 47.7% and major organisms were Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus(55.7%), Staphylococcus aureus(16%), Gram negative bacteria(7.5%), Streptococcus(4.7%). Antibiotic sensitivity test of cultured Gram positive bacteria demonstrated less than 60% rate of susceptability in gentamicin, tetracyclin, erythromycin and 80.5% rate of susceptability in ciprofloxacin. Gram negative bacteria demonstrated less than 60% rate of susceptability in cephalothin, ampicillin. From the above results, we concluded that antibiotic resistance of normal conjunctival flora was increased from the past and the principle of antiviotic eye drop use should be emphasized.
Ampicillin ; Bacteria ; Cephalothin ; Ciprofloxacin ; Conjunctiva ; Diffusion ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Erythromycin ; Gentamicins ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; Gram-Positive Bacteria ; Humans ; Staphylococcus