The authors studied 410 cases of strabismus patients who visited our clinic from 1973 to 1978 Among them, 170 cases of esotropia, 234 cases of exotropia and 6 cases of hypertropia were observed. The average age at the time of onset was 3.4 years in esotropia and 5.2 years in exotropia. Visul acuity in exotropia was relatively good. 0.7 or more visual acuity was 53 % in exotropia and 34.7 % in exotropia. Refractive status, hypertropia above 1.5D was 64. 2 % in esotropia, but, no specific correlation was found between exotropia and refractive status. The incidence of amblyopia was 33.1 % in esotropia and 19.7 % in exotropia. In accomodative esotropia, the patients with high AC/A ratio were treated with bifocal segment glasses. and the results were good.
Amblyopia ; Esotropia ; Exotropia ; Eyeglasses ; Glass ; Humans ; Incidence ; Strabismus* ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate humanistic knowledge, emotional intelligence, and communication skills among nurses and to identify factors influencing the communication skills of nurses in five hospitals. METHODS: Data were collected from 248 nurses in hospitals from August 25 to September 9, 2015. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlations and enter method regression analysis using the SPSS/Win 22.0 program. RESULTS: There were significant differences in humanistic knowledge according to religion, education, work department, number of night duty, pay level satisfaction, job satisfaction, and job performance. There were significant differences in emotional intelligence according to all general characteristics. There were significant differences in communication skills according to education, position, number of night duty, and job performance. Communication skills showed positive correlations with humanistic knowledge and emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence correlated positively with humanistic knowledge. Emotional intelligence was a significant predictor and accounted for 32% of variance in the communication skills. CONCLUSION: To strengthen communication skills, programs need to be complemented in order to promote humanistic knowledge and emotional intelligence for nurses.
Complement System Proteins ; Education ; Emotional Intelligence* ; Humanities ; Job Satisfaction ; Methods ; Work Performance

p53 gene alterations in the ovarian cancers are regarded as early events in the whole process of carcinogenesis. This study is intended to compare p53 protein expression rate in the ovarian surface epithelial tumors according to histologic types, degree of malignancy and differentiation. 134 cases of ovarian epithelial tumors including 26 cases of serous cystadenoma, 7 cases of serous borderline malignancy, 15 cases of serous cystadenocarcinoma, 40 cases of mucinous cystadenoma, 21 cases of mucinous borderline malignancy, 20 cases of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, 4 cases of endometrioid carcinoma, and 1 case of clear cell carcinoma were studied. Immunohistochemistry using monoclonal p53 antibody(DO-7) was applied to the routine formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue. The results were as follows; 1. No immunohistochemical positivity of p53 protein was found in all 66 cases of benign serous and mucinous tumors studied. 2. There was no significant difference of p53 protein expression between serous and mucinous malignant tumors. 3. The expression rate of p53 protein exhibited a statistically significant difference between borderline(42%) and malignant(74%) ovarian surface epithelial tumors (p<0.05). 4. The expression rate of p53 protein of poorly differentiated carcinomas(100%) was higher than those of moderately (88%) and well differentiated carcinomas(60%), but there was no statistical significance. In summary, p53 protein expression might be a good indicator of malignant transformation of the ovarian surface epithelial tumors.
Ovarian Neoplasms ; Genes, p53

We performed standard pars plana vitrectomies in 17 eyes with uveitis which were complicated with vitreous opacities. Postoperatively, visual acuity was improved in 11 eyes(64.7%),maintained in4 eyes(23.5%) and decreased in 2 eyes (11.8%). Four weeks after vitrectomy, inflammatory cells were rarely noticed in the anterior vitreous of all eyes. We suggest that early surgical approach is of value for visual improvement in the management of uvitis eyes with vitreous opacity.
Uveitis ; Uveitis, Intermediate* ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy*

Vitreous surgery has become a widly practiced procedure for use in the variety of pathological conditions in the anterior and posterior semgment of the eye. The goal of the vitreous 'surgery is to clear the optic pathway and restore the anatomy and function of the eye. Vitreous surgery was performed in 28 eyes using the O'malley ocutome from April, 1980 to October, 1980. Among the 28 eyes, 14 eyes received anterior segment surgery and the other 14 eyes received posterior segment surgery. The follow up period after surgery ranged from 3 weeks to 7 months and the average period was 4 months. The conditions requiring surgery were as follows: 9 eyes had Reconstruction of anterior segment after trauma; 4, removal of pupillary membrane due to chronic uveitis and after cataract; and 1, anterior vitrectomy with removal of subluxated lens. As for the causes of posterior segment surgery, 5 eyes had trauma of eyeballs; 3, hypertensive retinopathies; 2, vitreous opacity with retinal detachment; 1, diabetic retinopathy; 1, central retinal vein occlusion; 1, nonmagnetic intraocular foreignbody; and 1, lost lens nucleus into the vitreous. The improvement of visual acuity after surgery was seen in 14 eyes (50%), 9 eyes in anterior segment surgery and 5 eyes in posterior segment surgery. The complications during operation were vitreous hemorrhage (1 eye; 3.5%), retinal detachment (2 eye; 7%), and traumatic cataract (1 eye; 3.5%). Postoperative complications were phthisis bulbi (1 eye; 3.5%), and cataract (1 ; 3.5%). We found that vitreous surgery is not only useful to removal of the various pathologic conditions of vitreous through the pars plana approach but in anterior segment as an emergency procedure at the time of trauma and vitreous loss during anterior segment surgery.
Cataract ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Emergencies ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hypertensive Retinopathy ; Membranes ; Postoperative Complications ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinal Vein ; Uveitis ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy ; Vitreous Hemorrhage

Phacofragmentation is one of the method of extracapsular lens extraction using ultrasonic frequency. We have used this method, sometimes inconjunction with anterior vitrectomy since April, 1980 for 10 eyes of 10 cataract or early adult cataract. Our machines for this purpose is one of the Girard type phacofragmetor, Berkeley Model 820 Fragmatome(TM), in conjunction with Berkeley Model 800A Ocutome(R). We have had quite good results after operation and we are sure this method was preferable operation at least in above mentioned cases. This is an our preliminary report and it will be necessary to perform operation to many cataract patients and to determine longterm effects of the operation.
Adult ; Cataract ; Humans ; Ultrasonics ; Vitrectomy

Asteroid hyalitis is a condition in which myriads of creamy or dull-white opacities (asteroid bodies) are suspended in the vitreous. Asteroid bodies are spherical or disc-shaped white bodies in the vitreous and were first differentiated from scyminans by Benson in 1894 as asteroid hyalitis (Benson's disease). The authors report here two cases of asteroid hyalitis: the first, a 55 year old male is associated with vitreoretinal hemorrhage, and the second, a 47 year old male is associated with cataract. Lens dislocation and pulmonary tuberculosis. They have no diabetes or hypercholesterolemla. We briefIy reviewed the literature relating to the asteroid hyalitis.
Cataract ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Lens Subluxation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is inherited disorder of adrenal steroidogenesis. 21-hydroxylase deficiency is the most commone enzymatic defect and is divided into classic and late-onset or nonclassic forms. Both classic non-classic 21-hydrozylase deficiencies are inherited in a recessive manner as allelic variants. But it is rare that happened in twin infants. Chief complaints of affected twins in our case were ambiguous genitalia, hyperpigmentation and dehydrations. They were revealed into hyponatremia, hyperkalemia and increased amount of serum progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and urinary 17-ketosteroid excretion and were administered with DOCA, 9alpha-fluorohydrocortisone, hydrocortisone to control the electrolyte imbalance. And now, both of them are going to normal ratio of weight gain and body growth.
17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone ; Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital* ; Desoxycorticosterone Acetate ; Disorders of Sex Development ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; Hyperkalemia ; Hyperpigmentation ; Hyponatremia ; Infant ; Progesterone ; Steroid 21-Hydroxylase* ; Twins* ; Weight Gain

Malignant transformation of benign cystic teratomas of the ovary is rare, with an incidence rate of 1-3%. The most common malignancy associated with benign cystic teratoma of the ovary is squamous cell carcinoma, which represents 90% of malignant transformations, followed by adenocarcinoma and carcinoid. Primary malignant neuroectodermal tumor in a mature cystic teratoma is extremely rare and microscopically can be subclassified as differentiated, primitive, and anaplatic. We experienced a case of primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) associated with mature cystic teratoma of the ovary in a 11-year-old girl. Grossly, the ovary was a unilocular cyst which contained sebum material and disclosed several large, yellow to gray-tan polypoid excresences attached to the inner cystic wall. Except a large, fish-flesh, soft mass, the other polypoid masses were covered with sebum and contained small pieces of cartilage and tooth, and microscopically represented as mature teratoma. The large, fish-flesh, soft mass disclosed sheets and lobules of closely packed small cells with thin fibrovascular septa, which frequently replacing and encroaching the mature cystic teratoma. The small tumor cells were uniform and made up of round to oval nuclei with coarse chromatin and prominent nucleoli, very similar to those of PNET of the central nervous system.
Incidence ; Cysts ; Adenocarcinoma

BACKGROUND: Because systolic and diastolic dysfunction frequently coexist in acute myocardial infarction(AMI), we hypothesize that a combined measure of ventricular performance using Doppler echocardiography may be more sensitive and time-saving diagnostic tool for the evaluation of patients presenting with cardiogenic chest pain. METHOD AND RESULTS: Seventy-one patients with AMI (47 male, 59+/-11 years) and 45 patients with normal coronary artery (29 male, 52+/-11 years) were included in the study for measurement of cardiac performance index and established parameters of ventricular function using conventional echo-Doppler methods. a new derived index of cardiac performance: (ICT+IRT)/ET, was obtained by subtracting ejection time(ET) from the interval between cessation and onset of the mitral inflow velocity to give the sum of isovolumic contraction time(ICT) and isovolumic relaxation time(IRT). The mean value of the index was significantly different between normal and AMI(p<0.01). The degree of inter-group overlap was smaller for the index compared to other parameters. within functional groups, the value of the index did not appear to be related to heart rate, mean arterial pressure and the degree of mitral regurgitation. CONCLUSION: cardiac performance index is a conceptually new, simple and reproducible Doppler index of combined systolic and diastolic myocardial performance, and it is useful as screening test for patients with cardiac dysfunction due to AMI.
Arterial Pressure ; Chest Pain ; Coronary Vessels ; Echocardiography, Doppler ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening* ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Relaxation ; Ventricular Function