The purpose of this study is setting proper portion by consumed size of food and food preference and then reducing plate wasts in school lunch. The survey was conducted from Oct. 21 to Nov. 22, 1996 through the practical measurement and questionnaires. The subjects were 43 students of 1 elementary school. The results of this survey was as follows : 1. Average consumption size of cooked rice was 115g. Average consumption size of one course dishes was 209g. The soup & pot stewes showed lower consumption rate than the other kind of foods. Average consumption size of fresh & boiled salad was 23.4g Average consumption size of stir fries was 55g. Average consumption size of steams & stewes was 42g. Most grill & fried foods showed high consumption rate compared to most of the other foods. Average consumption size of kimchies was 10.6g. The most of given desserts except apple were all consumed. 2. There was significant correlation between food preference and consumption rate for total food items. 3. Response of satisfaction about serving size of most of given foods except fresh & boiled salads, soup & pot stewes and kimchies were "moderate". 4. Visual estimation was greater than physicl estimation for most of given foods. Proper portion of fooods per person by results were setted as follows : ...
Food Preferences* ; Humans ; Incheon* ; Lunch* ; Meals* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Serving Size ; Steam

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the preference trend of frequently served meals in the elementary school lunch program. Therefore, this evaluation was surveyed on frequently served meals in the elementary school lunch program in Inchon. Also, this study was surveyed on food preference using questionnaire including frequently served food items. Statistical analysis of data was completed using SAS program. The results of this survey was as follows: 1. Freqrenctly served fooods were 56 food items including 5 boiled rice, 3 one course dishes, 10 soup & pot stewes, 10 fresh & boiled salads, 8 stirred fries, 7 stewes, 6 grill & fries, 3 kimchies and 4 desserts. 2. Students liked barley bab more than the other kinds of cooked rice. One course dishes were preferred most by the subjects. Among soup & pot stewes, fermented soybean paste stew showed lower preference than the other kind of stewes. Among fresh & boiled salads, fruits salad was the most favore, whereas, root of bellflower salad was the most hated. Among side-dishes by different preparation method, stir fries, stewes, grill & fries, kimchies, dessert were prefered most by the subjects. There were significant difference between male and female students for most given foods except soup & pot stewes. Female students showed higher preference for most given foods except fresh & boiled salads, kimchies, dessert than male students.
Codonopsis ; Female ; Food Preferences* ; Fruit ; Hate ; Hordeum ; Humans ; Incheon* ; Lunch* ; Male ; Meals* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Soybeans

The purposes of this study were to compare performance of HACCP-based sanitary management and sanitation knowledge of employees in some food services (hospitals, elementary school, industry) in Inchon. Therefore, the survey questionnaire consisted of general background, sanitation performance, sanitation knowledge evaluation. The subjects were 370 employees in hospital, elementary school, industrial food service. The statistical analysis of data was completed using SPSS program. The results were summarized as follows: 99.3% of surveyed employees were female. 95.7% of employees were attended sanitation education and 76.8% of them were educated once a month. Employees in school food service showed higher academic career than the other food service employees. The food service employees' performance level was high(4.48). The performance level of school employees was significantly higher compared to other food services(p<0.001). Average score of sanitation knowledge was 16.36/20. The school food service employees' knowledge 17.03 was also higher compared to other food services. There was no significant correlation between sanitary performance and knowledge for total score. But among items of sanitary performance, a personal hygiene and food sanitary was significantly correlated with sanitation knowledge. The results of survey imply that the suitable contents and methods of education and training must be developed. Also, Financial supports to install necessary sanitary facilities are very important in order to raise effectiveness of education.
Education ; Female ; Financial Support ; Food Services* ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Incheon* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sanitation

To address the possible prognostic value of p53 and Bcl-2 proteins in non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs), the authors studied 43 cases of NSCLCs diagnosed between the years 1990 to 1995 at Pusan National University Hospital. The patients were treated either by pneumonectomy or lobectomy of the lung. The expression of p53 and Bcl-2 proteins was semiquantitatively analyzed in paraffin sections by immunohistochemical method and correlated with clinicopathologic prognostic parameters of NSCLCs. Overexpression of the p53 protein was found in 31 cases (72.1%) of the 43 NSCLCs. Overexpression of the p53 protein was significantly correlated with the decreasing degree of histologic differentiation, increasing tumor stage, and cigarette smoking. Bcl-2 expression was found in 19 cases (44.2%) of the 43 NSCLCs. Increased expression of the Bcl-2 protein was significantly correlated only with decreasing tumor stage. An inverse relationship was found between p53 and Bcl-2 proteins, but it was not statistically significant. Thus p53 and Bcl-2 proteins, as demonstrated immunohistochemically in routine paraffin sections, could be of value in prediction of the aggressiveness and prognosis of NSCLCs, in agreement with the central role of p53 and Bcl-2 proteins in the evolution of NSCLCs associated with cigarette smoking.
Busan ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung* ; Paraffin ; Pneumonectomy ; Prognosis ; Smoking

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the role of HPV 16 and 18 in adenocarcinoma in situ(ACIS) of the uterine cervix. METHODS: Seventeen cases of primary cervical adenocarcinoma in situ were analyzed for HPV DNA by polymerase chain reaction. HPV 16 and 18 DNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded histologic tissue sections by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: 35.3% and 23.5% of ACIS were positive for HPV 16 and HPV 18 DNA, respectively. From the normal tissue, 11.8% were positive for HPV 16. Human papillomavirus positive patients were younger than negative patients but statistically insignificant(mean age 42.1 vs 51.7 years). CONCLUSIONS: These results show that HPV type 16 and 18 were closely related to etiology of the ACIS of the uterine cervix.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Cervix Uteri* ; DNA ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; Humans* ; Papilloma* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

The authors present 31 patient with acute epidural hematoma who had been admitted from January, 1987 to June. 1989 managed by consevative treatment. The results were as follows ; 1) The age of patients was distributed evenly, most patients were male (26 cases) and the most common mechanism of injury was traffic accidents(14 cases). 2) Sites of hematoma were mostly the temporal and parietal area and the maximum thickness of hematoma was not different from each site. 3) On admission, all patients presented GCS score above 13 except 2 cases. 4) All patients did not undergo delayed up, due to the enlargement of the hematoma or neurological deterioration. 5) The maximum thickness of hematoma was under 20 mm in all patients. 6) The hematoma was resolved within 30 days in all cases. This was confirmed with brain CT scan.
Brain ; Hematoma* ; Humans ; Male ; Rabeprazole ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

The Computed Tomography is the most exact method to find out some diesase, soft tissue or musculoskeletal system. It is searching examination distinguishing normal structure and abnormal states in the spine and spinal canal. This is almost an absolute diagnostic method for spinal stenosis, and it has a special forte becasue it can distinguish the soft tissue around the spine. Thus we can distinguish metastatic cancer, herniated intervertebral disc, hypertrophy of the yellow ligament, and spine tumor very easily. Thirty-two cases of herniated intervertebral disc in lumbar spine were treated for 18 months from Jan. 1981 to Jun. 1982. Of thirty two cases, 18 cases were underwent CT scanning and 9 cases were underwent CT scanning and myelography. We obtained following results: 1. In the 18 cases taking a CT scan we found 6 cases of bulging annulus, 7 cases of herniated disc, one case each of facet syndrome, lateral recess syndrome, and three cases had normal finding. 2. In 9 cases taking CT scan, myelography and operation, 7 cases showed the same positive findings, but one case showed the positive CT scan and myelography, negative surgical exploration, and another case showed positive myelography, negative CT scan surgical exploration. 3. In 9 cases who took only a CT scan, there were 6 cases in which myelography was impossible or refused. Among these 6 cases 4 patients took operation and showed positive findings. 4. The diagnosis of herniated intervertebral disc by means of the CT scan has been made more accurately by the supplementary use of metrizamide and improvement of interpretation. a. When the patient refuses myelography. b. For discrimination of other diseases than herniated intervertebral disc. c. When the patient is allergic to iodine dyes used in myelography. As mention above, not only herniated intervertebral disc, but also many other diseases in spine can be diagnosed and we can decide that the herniated intervertebral disc surgery would by desirable with only the CT scan as nonivasive diagnostic test.
Coloring Agents ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; Intervertebral Disc ; Iodine ; Ligaments ; Methods ; Metrizamide ; Musculoskeletal System ; Myelography ; Spinal Canal ; Spinal Stenosis ; Spine ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.
Humans ; Quintuplets*

PURPOSE: To report a patient with isolated congenital absence of the right inferior rectus muscle. To our knowledge, this is the first case reported in Korea. METHODS: A 6-year-old girl presented with an anomalous head posture of 15 degrees head tilt. She had 45delta right hypertropia, 15delta A-pattern exotropia and a marked underaction of the right inferior rectus. At the time of the surgery, forced duction test of the right eye showed no limitation and the inferior rectus muscle was found to be absent. Inferior transposition of the horizontal rectus muscles was more approximated to each other than that described in the classic Knapp operation. This was carried out while the right medial rectus muscle was simultaneously resected 2mm for correction of the exotropia. RESULTS There was significant improvement in infraduction at 6 months postoperative with only a residual 6delta exotropia in primary position. CONCLUSIONS: Absence of the inferior rectus showed hypertropia with A pattern exotropia. It did not bring about contracture of the superior rectus muscle or amblyopia. The outcome of the modified Knapp procedure was satisfactory.
Amblyopia ; Child ; Contracture ; Exotropia ; Female ; Head ; Humans ; Korea ; Muscles ; Posture ; Strabismus

PURPOSE: To report a patient with isolated congenital absence of the right inferior rectus muscle. To our knowledge, this is the first case reported in Korea. METHODS: A 6-year-old girl presented with an anomalous head posture of 15 degrees head tilt. She had 45delta right hypertropia, 15delta A-pattern exotropia and a marked underaction of the right inferior rectus. At the time of the surgery, forced duction test of the right eye showed no limitation and the inferior rectus muscle was found to be absent. Inferior transposition of the horizontal rectus muscles was more approximated to each other than that described in the classic Knapp operation. This was carried out while the right medial rectus muscle was simultaneously resected 2mm for correction of the exotropia. RESULTS There was significant improvement in infraduction at 6 months postoperative with only a residual 6delta exotropia in primary position. CONCLUSIONS: Absence of the inferior rectus showed hypertropia with A pattern exotropia. It did not bring about contracture of the superior rectus muscle or amblyopia. The outcome of the modified Knapp procedure was satisfactory.
Amblyopia ; Child ; Contracture ; Exotropia ; Female ; Head ; Humans ; Korea ; Muscles ; Posture ; Strabismus