No abstract available.
Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Nodule*

Paraffinoma is a well known complication of previous paraffin injection into the subcutaneous layer that presents as various conditions including firm mass formation, edema, induration, ulceration, and skin necrosis. Paraffinoma can mimic neoplasm on physical examination and imaging studies and may complicate ultrasonographic diagnoses due to typical posterior shadowing and high echogenicity. When paraffinomas involve around the thyroid gland, the diagnosis of thyroid tumors is very difficult. We present a case of thyroid cancer, the evaluation of which was complicated by the presence of cervical paraffinoma.
Edema ; Hydrazines ; Necrosis ; Paraffin ; Physical Examination ; Shadowing (Histology) ; Skin ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Ulcer

No abstract available.
Child* ; Heart Diseases* ; Heart* ; Humans ; Mass Screening*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome* ; Rats* ; Singapore*

No abstract available.
Anemia ; Gaucher Disease* ; Humans ; Siblings* ; Thrombocytopenia

FISH is suggested as a possible method to detect the numerical and structural abnormalities of chromosomes in interphase nucleus. We performed this study to discuss the clinical usefulness of FISH in uncultured amniocytes and to set up the cut-off value for further study. We collected amniotic fluid samples from patients whose chromosome studies were recommended due to screen positive for Down and Edword syndrome in triple marker test using maternal serum. The centromeric probe for chromosome 18 and the locus-specific probe for chromosome 21 were used and the results were compared to their karyotypes. We could find 2 cases of trisony 21 and 2 cases of trisony 18 and the other cases represented normal karyotypes. The accuracies were 91% for disomy 18, 89% for trisomy 18, 92% for disomy 21 and 88% for trisomy 21. Therefore FISH technique is a possible method to detect the chromosomal abnormalities in uncultured amniocytes and the use of locus-specific probe for chromosome 21 would be more useful for detecting the aneuploidy of chromosome 21 than 13/21 centromeric probe.
Amniotic Fluid ; Aneuploidy ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21 ; Down Syndrome* ; Female ; Fluorescence* ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization* ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Interphase ; Karyotype ; Trisomy

OBJECTIVE: The cytogenetic analysis for earlier detection of fetal chromosome aneuploidies is performed from chorionic villus using either long-term culture or direct chromosome preparation. To analyze the cause of pregnancy loss, we also attempt the cytogenetic study in product of conception(POC) using chorionic villi or fetal tissue. But the failure of analysis often occurs in direct preparation of villus cells and product of conception(POC). We studied to evaluate the clinical usefulness of FISH in uncultured chorionic villus cells of culture-failed cases. METHODS: According to the patient's indication, we performed FISH for chromosome 18, 21, X and Y in chorionic villi as well as POC and compared FISH results with their chromosomal studies. RESULTS: We found one trisomy 18 and one trisomy 21 in Chorionic Villus Sampling and one trisomy 18 and one monosomy X(45, X) in POC. The averages for accuracy of FISH were 83-91% and all cases are represented consistent results with their chromosomal studies. Among them, we could analyze using FISH only in 5 cases of culture failure including one case of monosomy X in POC. CONCLUSION: We could detect aneuploidy with uncultured chorionic villus cells in case of culture failure, using FISH, it may be the potential method to assist the cytogenetic study.
Aneuploidy ; Chorion* ; Chorionic Villi Sampling ; Chorionic Villi* ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18 ; Cytogenetic Analysis ; Cytogenetics ; Down Syndrome ; Female ; Fetus ; Monosomy ; Pregnancy ; Trisomy ; Turner Syndrome

Hypercoagulable states (HS) are well recognized as a cause of arterial and venous thromboembolism. These coditions are usually associated with abnormalities in natural anticoagulants, the fibrolytic system, or platelet aggregation. Primary arterial thrombosis is unusual in the young population. Hypercoagulable states are usually acquired, but they may be congenital. The congenital states occur in response to deficiency of protein C, protein S, AT-III. And the acquired states occur in response to disease, in response to tissue injury, or in response to therapy. But in this country, we have no any data of prevalence ratio of HS, which developed symptome of arterial occlusion, cases of bypass and theapeutic modality. We experienced two cases of acquired HS that is antiphospholipid syndrome and polycythemia. Based on our experience with this patients and a review of the literature on the previously reported. And we suggest that there will be made for the purpose of studying non-atherosclerotic lower extremity occlusion registry which developed in our country through the small study group.
Anticoagulants ; Antiphospholipid Syndrome ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Platelet Aggregation ; Polycythemia* ; Prevalence ; Protein C ; Protein S ; Thrombosis ; Venous Thromboembolism

PURPOSE: Cancer development depends on activities of enzymes involved in metabolisms of various carcinogenic xenobiotics. N-acetyltransferase(NAT) and glutathione S-transferases(GST) are enzymes, reducing the toxicity of activated carcinogenic metabolites. Carcinogens of bladder cancer can not be fully explained by single risk factor and many kinds of enzymes would be involved in the metabolism of carcinogens excreted in urine. This study was performed to investigate whether the polymorphisms of NAT2, GSTM1, and GSTT1 were risk factors of bladder cancer and to evaluate the effects of their interaction on bladder cancer occurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and thirteen bladder cancer and 221 non-cancer patients hospitalized in the Chungbuk National University Hospital participated in the present case-control study. Questionnaire interview was performed and the genotypes of NAT2, GSTM1 and GSTT1 were identified using PCR methods with DNA extracted from venous blood. Effects of the polymorphism of NAT2, GSTM1 and GSTT1 and their interaction on bladder cancer were statistically analyzed after controlling other risk factors. RESULTS: The frequencies of slow, intermediate, and rapid acetylators were 7.1%, 37.5%, and 55.4% for the cases, and 11.0%, 43.4%, and 45.7% for the controls, respectively. The risk of bladder cancer was not associated with the increase of NAT2 activity(x2trend=3.16, p>0.05). GSTM1 was deleted in 69.6% of the cases and 55.9% of the controls(x2=5.86, P<0.05), and the mean odds ratio(95% CI) was 1.81 (1.12 - 2.93). The GSTT1 deletion, the rate of which were 42.0% for the bladder cancer patients and 45.9% for the controls, showed the protective effect against bladder cancer, but was not statistically significant. Smoking history turned out to be insignificant as a risk factor of bladder cancer(OR=1.34, 95%CI: 0.78 - 2.31), and occupation was not analyzed due to the extremely small number of occupational history related to the increase of bladder cancer. Medical histories of tuberculosis and bronchial asthma were significant risk factors for bladder cancer, and their average ORs(95% CI) were 3.61(1.57-8.26) and 4.15(1.61-10.75), respectively. In multiple logistic analysis controlling the effects of other risk factors, GSTM1 deletion (OR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.07-3.05), and histories of tuberculosis(OR: 2.99, 95% CI: 1.22-7.32) and of bronchial asthma(OR: 3.38, 95% CI: 1.24-9.22) were the significant risk factors for bladder cancer, but slow acetylation and GSTT1 deletion were not. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that GSTM1 deletion may be a significant risk factor of bladder cancer, and GSTT1 deletion may have the protective effect against bladder tumor development. Since tuberculosis and bronchial asthma, in the present study, appeared to be involved in the development of bladder tumor, possible associated relationships are under experimental investigation in every aspect.
Acetylation ; Asthma ; Carcinogens ; Case-Control Studies ; Chungcheongbuk-do ; DNA ; Genotype ; Glutathione ; Humans ; Metabolism* ; Occupations ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Tuberculosis ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Xenobiotics*

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis(FSGS) has been detected in approximately 10% of cases of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children, and exhibits a poor response to initial steroid therapy, as well as a higher rate of progression to chronic renal failure and relapse after kidney transplantation. We describe a case of an eleven year-old boy with steroid-resistant FSGS who exhibited a response to a second trial of cyclosporin A(CsA) therapy. At the age of 26 months, this patient was diagnosed with steroid-resistant FSGS. For 9 years, he had undergone a gauntlet of therapies to induce remission; oral steroids, cyclophosphamide, methylprednisolone(mehylPd) pulse therapy, CsA, and ibuprofen therapy. Although these therapies failed to induce remission, the patient's renal function remained in the normal range during the nine years of treatment. At the age of ten years, the patient's proteinuria decreased, and complete remission was attained with a second administration of CsA, coupled with a low dose of oral steroids. This patient continues to receive CsA without relapse. Therefore, our major concern involves the possibility of relapse after the discontinuation of CsA therapy. Our findings in this case suggest that, in cases of refractory FSGS, if renal insufficiency does not emerge, aggressive therapy for the amelioration of proteinuria should be continuously pursued.
Child ; Cyclophosphamide ; Cyclosporine* ; Humans ; Ibuprofen ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Kidney Transplantation ; Male ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Proteinuria ; Recurrence ; Reference Values ; Renal Insufficiency ; Steroids