BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Computed tomography of the temporal bone can provide otologists precise informations regarding the middle ear diseases. In this study, we aimed to measure the distance of mastoid antrum using the temporal bone CT for predicting the distance of mastoid depth during the mastoid surgery. MAERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed normal ears of 88 patients who visited the Department of Otolaryngology, Chonnam University Hospital during the period between Aug. 1996 and Aug. 1997. These patients demonstrated unilateral chronic otitis media, temporal bone fracture, and traumatic facial nerve palsy. RESULTS: The mean distance of mastoid antrum was 11.45mm. The distance of mastoid antrum according to age distribution showed 7.75 mm in 0-4 year old group, 10.35 mm in 5-9 year old group, 10.71 mm in 10-14 year old group, 11.50 mm in 15-19 year old group, and 11.93 mm in over 20 year old group. The distance also differed between males and females, with 2.84 mm for male and 11.24 mm for female. CONCLUSION: For the group under 20 years old, the distance of mastoid antrum increased as the patient's age became older. Especially, the group who were between 5 to 9 years old showed marked increase in the distance, and the distance did not differ between male and female. The distance of the mastoid antrum of the Korean adults was 10.1-13.7 mm and it represents some difference when compared with that of Westerners.
Adult ; Age Distribution ; Child ; Ear ; Ear, Middle ; Facial Nerve ; Female ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Male ; Mastoid* ; Otitis Media ; Otolaryngology ; Paralysis ; Temporal Bone* ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung* ; Fingers*

PURPOSE: The superiority of breast-feeding to artificial feeding of infants aged 6 months or less has been well established. Due to the low rate of breast-feeding in our 1994 hospital survey we recommended and educated about breast-feeding to mothers who delivered in our hospital since January 1995. The purpose of this survey is to assess if the rate of breast-feeding increased in our hospital thereafter. METHODS: One hundred twenty-five infant born at National Medical Center (NMC) after January 1. 1995 were surveyed through questionnaire about breast feeding at the well-baby clinic of pediatric department of NMC from May, 1996 to September, 1996. RESULTS: The rate of breast-feeding was 26.4% in the nursery after birth, 40.8% at 1 month of age. Breast-feeding at 1 month of age was more common among children fed breast milk in the nursery after birth (P<0.05), who initiated breast-feeding within 3 days of age (P<0.05), born by vaginal delivery (P<0.05) and positive maternal response to the guideline of breast-feeding (P<0.05). The decision of breast-feeding was made mainly by the mother and 12.0% were by doctor or nurse's suggestion. The main reason for giving up or failure of breast-feeding was "insufficient breast milk". CONCLUSION: Compared with baseline data surveyed in our hospital in 1994, breast-feeding at the nursery increased from 1.3% to 26.4% and at 1 month of age, increased from 35.1% to 40.8%. So recommendation for breast-feeding at hospitals is very important and may play a role to increase the rate of breast-feeding.
Breast ; Breast Feeding ; Child ; Humans ; Infant ; Milk, Human ; Mothers ; Nurseries ; Nutritional Support ; Parturition ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Since the discovery of Helicobacter pylori in 1983 by Warren and Marshall, it has been recognized as one of the most significant risk factors for gastric cancer and has been associated with various gastrointestinal disorders such as peptic ulcer disease. In Korea, the triple therapy of proton pump inhibitor, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin has been recommended as a primary regimen since 1998. However, the eradication rate of conventional first line therapy of H. pylori infection has been decreasing progressively, primarily due to increased resistance to antibiotics. A recent meta-analysis showed that the overall eradication rates were 74.6% by intention-to-treat analysis and 82.0% by per-protocol analysis. Therefore, the need for alternative first line eradication regimens has been rising. Sequential therapy, concomitant therapy, and various combinations of new antibiotics such as quinolone and rifabutin have been introduced as new options, but they have yet to be proven as standard first line therapy. Further nation-wide surveillance regarding the antibiotic resistance rates and well-designed prospective randomized controlled multicenter trials on the empirical first line therapy are necessary to establish the appropriate treatment for H. pylori in Korea.
Amoxicillin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Clarithromycin ; Drug Resistance ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Korea* ; Multicenter Studies as Topic ; Peptic Ulcer ; Prospective Studies ; Proton Pumps ; Rifabutin ; Risk Factors ; Stomach Neoplasms

The aim of this study was to evaluate the postoperative outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructionuction using 2 additional fixation technique on tibial side. Between October 2008 and February 2012, sixty consecutive patients who underwent ACL reconstruction with allograft for ACL injuries were retrospectively enrolled. All patients were reconstructed with fresh frozen achilles tendon or posterior tibialis tendon allograft. Fixation on tibial side with bioabsorbable suture anchor (BSA) was in 30 patients (group A) and metal screw fixation was in 30 patients (group B). The data was collected at preoperatively and at least 1 years postoperatively, which included KT-2000 arthrometer objectively, and Tegner score, Lysholm score, and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores subjectively. At the final follow up, the KT-2000 arthrometer improved significantly with an average of 3.28 mm anterior translation in the group A, 3.56 mm in group B. The preoperative mean Lysholm, Tegner and IKDC score was 46.14, 4.86, 63.17 in the group A, and 45.30, 4.40, 54.07 in the group B. The postoperative mean Lysholm, Tegner and IKDC score was 83.80, 8.14, 75.57 in the group A, and 88.75, 7.62, 65.10 in the group B. All functional outcomes were improved significantly (p=0.004) in both groups, but no differences were noted between the 2 groups (p>0.05). Both additional fixation techniques using BSA or metal screw fixation on tibial side in ACL reconstruction improved functional outcomes significantly. BSA technique seems to provide adequate strength suitable for early rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction.
Achilles Tendon ; Allografts ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee ; Rehabilitation ; Retrospective Studies ; Suture Anchors* ; Tendons

Angiomyolipomas (AML) are generally known as benign tumors. The kidney is the most common location of this tumor, and the liver is reported as the second most common site. Occurrence in other tissues is extremely rare. For instance, some cases of AML originating from the nasal cavity have been previously reported. We describe an AML case arising from the nasal cavity of a 56-year-old man. The patient had been complaining of nasal obstruction and foreign body sensation in the nasopharynx and was initially treated with preoperative angio-embolization. AML was then totally removed by endoscopic surgery without complications. He has been asymptomatic and has had no evidence of recurrence for 2 months after surgery.
Angiomyolipoma ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Kidney ; Liver ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Cavity ; Nasal Obstruction ; Nasopharynx ; Recurrence

The purpose of this study is to assess the maternal iron status during pregnancy and to evaluate the relationships between the iron indices of maternal, umbilical cord serum, placenta and pregnancy outcomes. Venous bloods samples were drawn from 54 pregnant women just before delivery and cord bloods of their newborn babies were collected immediately after birth. And also, placental tissues were extracted. We investigated the difference of the iron status indices of maternal, umbilical cord serum and placental tissue between two gestational age group (PT group, NT group : preterm delivery and normal term delivery at 34.9wk and 39.0wk of mean gestational length, respectively) and also assessed correlations of iron status indices of maternal, umbilical cord serum and placenta tissue. And lastly, we related between birth weight and iron status indices of maternal, umbilical cord serum and placental tissue. The concentrations of maternal serum ferritin and of placental iron were significantly higher in PT group (32.1 +/- 21.1 ng/ml, 68.5 +/- 16.7microgram / g), than those of NT group (20.8 +/- 11.6 ng / ml, 53.2 +/- 17.4 microgram / g) respectively (p < 0.001). However the serum ferritin of umbilical cord were significantly higher in NT group (PT : 109.4 +/- 65.7 ng/ml, NT : 147.0 +/- 56.8 ng / ml) than those of PT group (p < 0.05). Our results showed that a negative association between birth weight (r=-0.361) and maternal serum ferritin and that a positive association between birth weight and umbilical cord serum ferritin (r=0.261). Despite not a significant difference, there was tendency that highest concentration of maternal serum ferritin was associated with the lowest birth weight. These findings indicate that birth weight of newborn is dependent of multiple factors such as maternal iron status during pre-pregnancy, body size, general nutritional status. Although for women who enter pregnancy with low iron stores, enough intakes of iron during pregnancy could produce undesirable pregnancy outcome. Therefore we suggest for successful pregnancy outcome and delivery differential iron supplementation program will be carried out individual pregnant women on the basis of pre-pregnancy nutritional status.
Birth Weight* ; Body Size ; Female ; Ferritins ; Fetal Blood ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Iron* ; Nutritional Status ; Parturition* ; Placenta* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Pregnant Women ; Umbilical Cord*

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (T~EN) is a severe mucocutaneous disease characterized by epidermal necrosis possibly extended to the entire body surface and involving multiple internal organs. Digestive tract may be involved too, but there is few report about gastrointestinal lesion in patient with TEN. Recently we experienced a case of TEN with gastrointestinal bleeding in previously healthy 32-year-old woman. The condition developed three days after the initiation of treatment with NSAID and progressed caudally, involving 60 percent of the skin surfaces. During a period of admission gastrointestinal bleeding was noticed. The gastrofiberscopy showed diffuse superficial mucosal lesion with oozing from swollen friable and erythematous mucosa. The skin lesion was progressed inspite of withdrawal of causative agents. The patient was expired due to combined septic shock 10 days later. We report this case with gastrofiberscopic findings and a brief review of literature.
Adult ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Mucous Membrane ; Necrosis ; Shock, Septic ; Skin ; Stevens-Johnson Syndrome*

OBJECTIVES: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder showing many neuropsychological deficits. Many environmental risk factors have been thought to increase the risk for the disorder. We examined blood iron levels in children with ADHD and a control group to find an association between iron deficit and diagnosis, neuropsychological characteristics and clinical features. METHODS: An ADHD group (n=50) and control group (n=45) of children 6-12 years of age were recruited. Both groups were diagnosed by semi-structured interview, and they were evaluated using the Korean version of the ADHD Rating Scale (K-ARS), Korean version of IOWA Conner's Rating Scale (K-IOWA), intelligence quotient (IQ), and neurocognitive function tests (continuous performance test, children's color trails test, Stroop color-word test). Iron levels in blood were determined using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry instrument. Independent t-test and correlation were used to determine the relation of blood iron levels with symptom ratings and neurocognitive function. Logistic regression was performed to determine the diagnostic value of blood iron levels. RESULTS: Blood iron levels were significantly lower in ADHD than in control and showed negative correlation with K-ARS and K-IOWA scores. Blood iron levels showed positive association with IQ and Stroop color-word test results and negative association with results of continuous performance testing. Low blood iron levels predicted the diagnosis of ADHD. CONCLUSION: Lower levels of blood iron were associated with ADHD symptom severity, IQ, and frontal lobe-mediated neurocognitive function. As blood iron levels may influence ADHD, measurement of iron levels in blood may be useful for evaluation of symptoms and neurocognitive function in ADHD.
Child* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Iowa ; Iron* ; Logistic Models ; Mass Spectrometry ; Plasma ; Risk Factors

PURPOSE: Studies conducted on both animal and adult human subjects have demonstrated that a decrease in cerebral blood flow (CBF) causes cerebrocortical dysfunction resulting in an abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG). Although it is assumed that in premature infants with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), the shunt will decrease CBF and alter the cerebrocortical function thus resulting in an abnormal EEG, this has yet to be firmly established. This comparative study, therefore, measures EEG as effected by CBF before and after PDA closures. Furthermore, in order to observe the effect of PDA on CBF and EEGs, the results were compared against a control group made up of premature infants without PDA. METHOD: All subjects were premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Chungbuk National University Hospital between February and August of 1997, were under gestational age (GA) 36 weeks, and weighed less than 2 kilograms: PDA group (group I consisted of 8 with PDA and respiratory distress syndrom (RDS); group II of 5 with PDA but without RDS) and Control group (group III of 6 without PDA but with RDS; group IV of 12 with neither PDA nor RDS). Studies were performed on the third and seventh day after birth and continued weekly throughout the period of study. Using Acuson 128XP/10c Doppler Echo cardiography, we measured the peak systolic velocity (PVS), the end-diastolic velocity (EDV) and the area under the velocity curve (AUVC) of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA), the blood flow of the left carotid artery and the descending aorta, calculated the LA/Ao ratio and conducted EEG's. RESULTS: 1) Birth weight and gestational age There was a significant difference between group I and group IV. However, when contrasting the two control groups overall, we found no significant variation. 2) In the PDA group, the infants were treated as follows: four infants were performed PDA ligations and seven were administrated indomethacine, resulting in 5 successful closures. Two infants had PDA which closed naturally without any treatment.3) PSV, DV, AUVC in the PDA group before and after closureThe incidence of decreased cerebral blood flow tended to increase after the PDA closure; however, the variation was not significant. In the groupes with RDS, on the other hand, the increase of CBF was significant after treatment, especially in group III.4) Incidence of abnormal EEGsThe preliminary EEG was abnormal for the above infants, with the background EEG appearing as suppressed or sharp and spike wave discharges. There was no significant difference in the results of the two groups and all EEG's were normalized in subsequent examinations. CONCLUSION: The decreased cerebral blood flow in premature infants with PDA increased following closure of the shunt; however, this increase was not significant. In groupes with RDS, the decreased cerebral blood flow significantly increased as the RDS improved, especially in group III. Nonetheless, despite the observed changes in CBF, we were unable to detect a corresponding change in the EEGs of the newborns in this study.
Adult ; Animals ; Anterior Cerebral Artery ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Birth Weight ; Carotid Arteries ; Chungcheongbuk-do ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Electroencephalography* ; Gestational Age ; Hand ; Humans ; Incidence ; Indomethacin ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Ligation ; Parturition