Eosinophilic cystitis is a rare inflammatory condition whose etiology remains poorly understood. Eosinophilic cystitis is characterized histologically by infiltration of eosinophils into all layers of the bladder.We herein report two cases of eosinophilic cystitis with brief review of the literiture.
Cystitis* ; Eosinophils*

Swallowing caustic materials may produce full-thickness burn and loss of esophageal function. Caustics, both acid and alkalis, can corrode and destroy living tissue. Full-thickness burn of esophiageal epithelium causes severe stricture which frequently requires surgical repair. Recently, non-operative dilatation of luminal stenosis has been utilized. Esophageal endoscopic endoprosthesis has been used widely in malignant esophageal stricture but not in benign stricture. In recurrent benign esophageal stricture following repetitive balloon dilatation, we experienced a case of an 18-year-old woman with severe stricture which was successfully managed by esophageal endoprosthesia So we report this case with the review of the literature.
Adolescent ; Alkalies ; Burns ; Caustics ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Deglutition ; Dilatation ; Epithelium ; Esophageal Stenosis* ; Female ; Humans ; Lye* ; Phenobarbital

Swallowing caustic materials may produce full-thickness burn and loss of esophageal function. Caustics, both acid and alkalis, can corrode and destroy living tissue. Full-thickness burn of esophiageal epithelium causes severe stricture which frequently requires surgical repair. Recently, non-operative dilatation of luminal stenosis has been utilized. Esophageal endoscopic endoprosthesis has been used widely in malignant esophageal stricture but not in benign stricture. In recurrent benign esophageal stricture following repetitive balloon dilatation, we experienced a case of an 18-year-old woman with severe stricture which was successfully managed by esophageal endoprosthesia So we report this case with the review of the literature.
Adolescent ; Alkalies ; Burns ; Caustics ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Deglutition ; Dilatation ; Epithelium ; Esophageal Stenosis* ; Female ; Humans ; Lye* ; Phenobarbital

Aortic saddle embolus accounts for approximately 10% of all peripheral arterial emboli. The most common sources of emboli are left atrial thrombi associated with atrial fibrillation and vegetation. A 22-year-old male patient was admitted due to acute onset of orthopnea, tachypea and cough. Transthoracic and transeophageal echocardiography showed huge vegetation (3X2cm) of the posterior mitral valve leaflet which was associated with severe mitral regurgitation. On 14th hospital day, he suffered from sudden onset of weakness, pain, and coldness on both lower extremities. Follow-up echocardiography showed marked size reduction of the original mitral valve vegetation. Angiography showed aortic saddle embolus. The embolectomy of aortic saddle embolus was performed through the transfemoral approach with a Forgarty catheter. At the same time, removal of the infected mitral valve and mitral valve replacement were performed.
Angiography ; Atrial Fibrillation ; Catheters ; Cough ; Echocardiography ; Embolectomy ; Embolism* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; Mitral Valve* ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: Manual ventilation in pediatric anesthesia limits the anesthesiologist's ability to manage patients suffering from unexpected problems. Although modified Mapleson D systems connected to ventilators have been used for controled ventilation of anesthetized infants and children, the complexity of factors affecting rebreathing within the Mapleson D circuit has resulted in a variety of recommendations for fresh gas flow and minute ventilation. The aim of this study was to devise a formula for ventilator settings which would provide normal tidal volume, respiratory rate, and minute ventilation without rebreathing during mechanical ventilation in pediatric anesthesia and compare this method to manual ventilation. METHODS: 56 infants and small children anesthetized with enflurane and nitrous oxide were studied. We have constructed a formula for ventilator settings which would generate a predictable normocapnia. PetCO2, PaCO2, SpO2, and SaO2 were measured during manual ventilation (control) and during mechanical ventilation. RESULTS: Mean PaCO2 with the mechanical ventilation was within normal range. PaCO2 was significantly lower (P<0.05) with the manual ventilation than with the mechanical ventilation. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that our formula for ventilator settings can be safely and competently applied to mechanical ventilation with Jackson-Rees system in pediatric anesthesia.
Anesthesia* ; Child ; Enflurane ; Humans ; Infant ; Nitrous Oxide ; Reference Values ; Respiration, Artificial ; Respiratory Rate ; Tidal Volume ; Ventilation* ; Ventilators, Mechanical

This study examined the chemical composition of A. blasiliensis and the chemical structural properties of an immuno-stimulating polysaccharide. The amino acids, free sugars, and organic acids by HPLC and fatty acids by GC were analyzed. The immuno-stimulating substance from A. blasiliensis was extracted with hot water and purified by ethanol precipitation. It underwent ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and gel filtration on Toyopearl HW 65F. Through GP-HPLC, the substance was found to be homogeneous. Its chemical structure was determined by 13C-NMR. Fatty acids, organic acids, and sugar alcohol composition consisted exclusively of linoleic acid, fumaric acid and mannitol, respectively. The amino acids were mainly glutamic acid, glycine, and arginine. By 13C-NMR analysis, the immuno-stimulating substance was identified as beta-(1-->3) (1-->6)-glucan, composed of a backbone with (1-->3)-linked D-glucopyranosyl residues branching a (1-->6)-linked D-glucopyranosyl residue. The beta-glucan from A. blasiliensis showed pronounced immuno-stimulating activity on the antibody-production ability of B-lymphocytes by the hemolytic suspension assay. In these results, A. blasiliensis was estimated to have potent pharmacological properties and potential nutritional values.
Agaricus ; Amino Acids ; Arginine ; B-Lymphocytes ; Carbohydrates ; Chromatography, Gel ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Ion Exchange ; DEAE-Cellulose ; Ethanol ; Fatty Acids ; Fumarates ; Glutamic Acid ; Glycine ; Linoleic Acid ; Mannitol ; Nutritive Value ; Water

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate whether the pattern of optic nerve enhancement in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can help to differentiate between idiopathic optic neuritis (ON), neuromyelitis optica (NMO), and multiple sclerosis (MS) in unilateral ON. METHODS: An MRI of the brain and orbits was obtained in patients with acute unilateral ON. Patients with ON were divided into three groups: NMO, MS, and idiopathic ON. The length and location of the abnormal optic nerve enhancement were compared for ON eyes with and without NMO or MS. The correlation between the pattern of optic nerve enhancement and the outcome of visual function was analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 36 patients with ON who underwent an MRI within 2 weeks of the onset, 19 were diagnosed with idiopathic ON, 9 with NMO, and 8 with MS. Enhancement of the optic nerve occurred in 21 patients (58.3%) and was limited to the orbital segment in 12 patients. Neither the length nor the location of the optic nerve enhancement was significantly correlated with visual functions other than contrast sensitivity or the diagnosis of idiopathic ON, MS, or NMO. Patients with greater extent of optic nerve sheath enhancement and more posterior segment involvement showed higher contrast sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: Our data revealed that the pattern of optic nerve enhancement was not associated with diagnosis of idiopathic ON, NMO, or MS in Korean patients with unilateral ON. We believe further studies that include different ethnic groups will lead to a more definitive answer on this subject.
Brain ; Contrast Sensitivity ; Diagnosis ; Ethnic Groups ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Multiple Sclerosis ; Neuromyelitis Optica ; Optic Nerve* ; Optic Neuritis* ; Orbit

PURPOSE: To investigate the prevalence of paralytic ileus after spinal operation in the supine or prone operative position and to determine the efficacy of prophylactic gastrointestinal motility medications in preventing symptomatic paralytic ileus after a spinal operation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients received spinal surgery in the supine or prone operative position. The study period was divided into two phases: first, to analyze the prevalence of radiographic and symptomatic paralytic ileus after a spinal operation, and second, to determine the therapeutic effects of prophylactic gastrointestinal motility medications (postoperative intravenous injection of scopolamine butylbromide and metoclopramide hydrochloride) on symptomatic paralytic ileus after a spinal operation. RESULTS: Basic demographic data were not different. In the first phase of this study, 27 patients (32.9%) with radiographic paralytic ileus and 11 patients (13.4%) with symptomatic paralytic ileus were observed. Radiographic paralytic ileus was more often noted in patients who underwent an operation in the prone position (p=0.044); whereas the occurrence of symptomatic paralytic ileus was not different between the supine and prone positioned patients (p=0.385). In the second phase, prophylactic medications were shown to be ineffective in preventing symptomatic paralytic ileus after spinal surgery [symptomatic paralytic ileus was observed in 11.1% (4/36) with prophylactic medication and 16.7% (5/30) with a placebo, p=0.513]. CONCLUSION: Spinal surgery in the prone position was shown to increase the likelihood of radiographic paralytic ileus occurrence, but not symptomatic paralytic ileus. Unfortunately, the prophylactic medications to prevent symptomatic paralytic ileus after spine surgery were shown to be ineffective.
Adjuvants, Anesthesia/*administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Adult ; Aged ; Antiemetics/*administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Motility/*drug effects/physiology ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction/drug therapy/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Lumbar Vertebrae/radiography/*surgery ; Male ; Metoclopramide/*administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Prone Position ; Prospective Studies ; Republic of Korea ; Scopolamine Hydrobromide/*administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Spinal Fusion/*adverse effects ; Supine Position ; Treatment Outcome

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a heterogenous group of stem cell disorders usually characterized by progressive refractory cytopenias, which could progress to acute myeloid leukemia. MDS may be associated with a wide spectrum of skin lesions, including neoplastic cell infiltration, Sweet's syndrome, pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema elevatum diutinum, vasculitis, and panniculitis. However, erythema nodosum is rarely associated with MDS. Unusual rheumatologic manifestations in patients with MDS also have been reported, which range from asymptomatic serological abnormalities to classic connective tissue disorders such as Sjogren's syndrome, relapsing polychondritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and mixed connective tissue disease. However, concurrent erythema nodosum and serositis has rarely been reported. We describe a case of MDS with erythema nodosum and immune-mediated pericardial effusion in a 34-year-old woman.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Erythema Nodosum/*complications/diagnosis/drug therapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes/*complications/diagnosis/drug therapy ; Prednisone/therapeutic use ; Serositis/*complications/diagnosis/drug therapy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: To describe the clinical characteristics and course of optic neuritis (ON) and its association with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and multiple sclerosis (MS) in Korea. METHODS: In this retrospective case series, 125 eyes of 91 Korean patients with ON were included. The medical documents of adult patients with ON were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were assigned into idiopathic ON, NMOSD, and MS groups according to the presence of an association with NMOSD or MS for subgroup analysis. Clinical characteristics, disease course, and visual and systemic prognosis were analyzed. RESULTS: During the mean follow-up of 3.7 years, 73 patients were diagnosed as idiopathic ON, 14 patients were diagnosed as NMOSD, and four patients developed definite MS. At the final visit, there were 13 (13%) eyes out of 100 eyes with idiopathic ON, nine (43%) eyes out of 21 eyes with NMOSD, and one (25%) eye out of four eyes with MS had a severe visual loss of 20 / 200 or less. The mean Expanded Disability Status Scale was 3.1 ± 1.5 in NMOSD and 1.8 ± 1.5 in the MS group at the final visit. In the NMOSD group, 50% of patients showed severe visual loss in at least one eye or were unable to ambulate without assistance at the final visit (5.3 ± 4.4 years after the initial episode of ON). CONCLUSIONS: Fourteen percent of patients showed positive results for NMO-immunoglobulin G test and 50% of patients with NMOSD showed a severe visual loss in at least one eye or were unable to ambulate without assistance. The proportion of MS was relatively low in Korean ON patients.
Adult ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Korea ; Multiple Sclerosis ; Neuromyelitis Optica ; Optic Neuritis ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies