1.Effects of Propolis and Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester on Tumorigenesis, Pulmonary Metastases, and Activities of Splenocytes and Macrophages in Mice.
Yo Han SONG ; Hong Yeol HUH ; Chin Soo KIM ; Kang Ju KIM
Korean Journal of Immunology 1997;19(4):617-628
The propolis, honey bee hive product, is a folk medicine for treating various ailrnents and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is an extract of propolis. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of ethanol extracted propolis (EEP) or CAPE on the tumorigenesis, pulmonary metastases, and proliferation and activity of splenocytes and macrophages in ICR mice. EEP at 0.2, 2 or 20mg/ml applied topically on the back of each mice 30 minutes before application of 7,12-dimethylbenz (a)anthracene and 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate inhibited the number of tumors per mouse by 61, 75 or 100%, respectively. ...continue...
Animals
;
Bees
;
Carcinogenesis*
;
Ethanol
;
Honey
;
Macrophages*
;
Medicine, Traditional
;
Mice*
;
Mice, Inbred ICR
;
Neoplasm Metastasis*
;
Propolis*
2.Extent of Contrast Enhancement on Non-Enhanced Computed Tomography after Intra-Arterial Thrombectomy for Acute Infarction on Anterior Circulation: As a Predictive Value for Malignant Brain Edema.
Seung Yoon SONG ; Seong Yeol AHN ; Jong Ju RHEE ; Jong Won LEE ; Jin Woo HUR ; Hyun Koo LEE
Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society 2015;58(4):321-327
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the use of contrast enhancement (especially its extent) predicts malignant brain edema after intra-arterial thrombectomy (IAT) in patients with acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: We reviewed the records of patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent IAT for occlusion of the internal carotid artery or the middle cerebral artery between January 2012 and March 2015. To estimate the extent of contrast enhancement (CE), we used the contrast enhancement area ratio (CEAR)-i.e., the ratio of the CE to the area of the hemisphere, as noted on immediate non-enhanced brain computed tomography (NECT) post-IAT. Patients were categorized into two groups based on the CEAR values being either greater than or less than 0.2. RESULTS: A total of 39 patients were included. Contrast enhancement was found in 26 patients (66.7%). In this subgroup, the CEAR was greater than 0.2 in 7 patients (18%) and less than 0.2 in the other 19 patients (48.7%). On univariate analysis, both CEAR > or =0.2 and the presence of subarachnoid hemorrhage were significantly associated with progression to malignant brain edema (p<0.001 and p=0.004), but on multivariate analysis, only CEAR > or =0.2 showed a statistically significant association (p=0.019). In the group with CEAR > or =0.2, the time to malignant brain edema was shorter (p=0.039) than in the group with CEAR <0.2. Clinical functional outcomes, based on the modified Rankin scale, were also significantly worse in patients with CEAR > or =0.2 (p=0.003) CONCLUSION: The extent of contrast enhancement as noted on NECT scans obtained immediately after IAT could be predictive of malignant brain edema and a poor clinical outcome.
Brain Edema*
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Brain*
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Carotid Artery, Internal
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Humans
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Infarction*
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Middle Cerebral Artery
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Multivariate Analysis
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Stroke
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Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
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Thrombectomy*
3.One portion size of foods frequently consumed by Korean adults.
Mi Kyeong CHOI ; Wha Jin HYUN ; Sim Yeol LEE ; Hong Ju PARK ; Se Na KIM ; Kyung Hee SONG
Nutrition Research and Practice 2010;4(1):82-88
This study aimed to define a one portion size of food items frequently consumed for convenient use by Koreans in food selection, diet planning, and nutritional evaluation. We analyzed using the original data on 5,436 persons (60.87%) aged 20 ~ 64 years among 8,930 persons to whom NHANES 2005 and selected food items consumed by the intake frequency of 30 or higher among the 500 most frequently consumed food items. A total of 374 varieties of food items of regular use were selected. And the portion size of food items was set on the basis of the median (50th percentile) of the portion size for a single intake by a single person was analyzed. In cereals, the portion size of well polished rice was 80 g. In meats, the portion size of Korean beef cattle was 25 g. Among vegetable items, the portion size of Baechukimchi was 40 g. The portion size of the food items of regular use set in this study will be conveniently and effectively used by general consumers in selecting food items for a nutritionally balanced diet. In addition, these will be used as the basic data in setting the serving size in meal planning.
Adult
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Aged
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Animals
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Cattle
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Edible Grain
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Diet
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Food Preferences
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Humans
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Meals
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Meat
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Nutrition Surveys
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Single Person
;
Vegetables
4.A Three-Year Analysis of Emergency Response for Psychiatric Crisis Intervention at the Jeonbuk State Mental Health Welfare Center
Jin-Woo HAN ; Seul-Bi LEE ; Mi Sun KIM ; Young-Ju SONG ; Sang-Yeol LEE
Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association 2024;63(4):260-270
Objectives:
This paper provides evidence for the improvement of the local and national longterm psychiatric emergency response system by analyzing emergency response cases for psychiatric crisis intervention conducted over three years at the Jeonbuk State Mental Health Welfare Center.
Methods:
From August 1, 2020, to December 31, 2023, 314 cases of emergency response for psychiatric crisis intervention were analyzed. The analysis included factors such as gender, age, marital status, location, classification of psychiatric crises, referral pathways, intervention response time, counseling history, location of intervention, types of mental health issues, types of suicidal issues, psychiatric treatment history, suicide plans and attempts, outcomes of major interventions, levels of depression, alcohol consumption, and suicidal behavior.
Results:
The emergency response for psychiatric crisis intervention had a higher proportion of suicide counseling compared to general mental health emergencies, and most cases were referred through administrative agencies such as the police and fire department. The majority of intervention targets were first-time counselees, classified as high-risk individuals because of depression, alcohol consumption, and suicidal behavior, and either discontinued or were maintaining medication treatment.
Conclusion
This study illustrated the major role of emergency response in psychiatric crisis intervention and the need for strengthening networks with police, fire departments, and relevant agencies, and improving the treatment of care staff and public awareness. In addition, this study provides evidence for predicting risk factors and offering preventive and preemptive measures.
5.A Three-Year Analysis of Emergency Response for Psychiatric Crisis Intervention at the Jeonbuk State Mental Health Welfare Center
Jin-Woo HAN ; Seul-Bi LEE ; Mi Sun KIM ; Young-Ju SONG ; Sang-Yeol LEE
Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association 2024;63(4):260-270
Objectives:
This paper provides evidence for the improvement of the local and national longterm psychiatric emergency response system by analyzing emergency response cases for psychiatric crisis intervention conducted over three years at the Jeonbuk State Mental Health Welfare Center.
Methods:
From August 1, 2020, to December 31, 2023, 314 cases of emergency response for psychiatric crisis intervention were analyzed. The analysis included factors such as gender, age, marital status, location, classification of psychiatric crises, referral pathways, intervention response time, counseling history, location of intervention, types of mental health issues, types of suicidal issues, psychiatric treatment history, suicide plans and attempts, outcomes of major interventions, levels of depression, alcohol consumption, and suicidal behavior.
Results:
The emergency response for psychiatric crisis intervention had a higher proportion of suicide counseling compared to general mental health emergencies, and most cases were referred through administrative agencies such as the police and fire department. The majority of intervention targets were first-time counselees, classified as high-risk individuals because of depression, alcohol consumption, and suicidal behavior, and either discontinued or were maintaining medication treatment.
Conclusion
This study illustrated the major role of emergency response in psychiatric crisis intervention and the need for strengthening networks with police, fire departments, and relevant agencies, and improving the treatment of care staff and public awareness. In addition, this study provides evidence for predicting risk factors and offering preventive and preemptive measures.
6.A Three-Year Analysis of Emergency Response for Psychiatric Crisis Intervention at the Jeonbuk State Mental Health Welfare Center
Jin-Woo HAN ; Seul-Bi LEE ; Mi Sun KIM ; Young-Ju SONG ; Sang-Yeol LEE
Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association 2024;63(4):260-270
Objectives:
This paper provides evidence for the improvement of the local and national longterm psychiatric emergency response system by analyzing emergency response cases for psychiatric crisis intervention conducted over three years at the Jeonbuk State Mental Health Welfare Center.
Methods:
From August 1, 2020, to December 31, 2023, 314 cases of emergency response for psychiatric crisis intervention were analyzed. The analysis included factors such as gender, age, marital status, location, classification of psychiatric crises, referral pathways, intervention response time, counseling history, location of intervention, types of mental health issues, types of suicidal issues, psychiatric treatment history, suicide plans and attempts, outcomes of major interventions, levels of depression, alcohol consumption, and suicidal behavior.
Results:
The emergency response for psychiatric crisis intervention had a higher proportion of suicide counseling compared to general mental health emergencies, and most cases were referred through administrative agencies such as the police and fire department. The majority of intervention targets were first-time counselees, classified as high-risk individuals because of depression, alcohol consumption, and suicidal behavior, and either discontinued or were maintaining medication treatment.
Conclusion
This study illustrated the major role of emergency response in psychiatric crisis intervention and the need for strengthening networks with police, fire departments, and relevant agencies, and improving the treatment of care staff and public awareness. In addition, this study provides evidence for predicting risk factors and offering preventive and preemptive measures.
7.A Three-Year Analysis of Emergency Response for Psychiatric Crisis Intervention at the Jeonbuk State Mental Health Welfare Center
Jin-Woo HAN ; Seul-Bi LEE ; Mi Sun KIM ; Young-Ju SONG ; Sang-Yeol LEE
Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association 2024;63(4):260-270
Objectives:
This paper provides evidence for the improvement of the local and national longterm psychiatric emergency response system by analyzing emergency response cases for psychiatric crisis intervention conducted over three years at the Jeonbuk State Mental Health Welfare Center.
Methods:
From August 1, 2020, to December 31, 2023, 314 cases of emergency response for psychiatric crisis intervention were analyzed. The analysis included factors such as gender, age, marital status, location, classification of psychiatric crises, referral pathways, intervention response time, counseling history, location of intervention, types of mental health issues, types of suicidal issues, psychiatric treatment history, suicide plans and attempts, outcomes of major interventions, levels of depression, alcohol consumption, and suicidal behavior.
Results:
The emergency response for psychiatric crisis intervention had a higher proportion of suicide counseling compared to general mental health emergencies, and most cases were referred through administrative agencies such as the police and fire department. The majority of intervention targets were first-time counselees, classified as high-risk individuals because of depression, alcohol consumption, and suicidal behavior, and either discontinued or were maintaining medication treatment.
Conclusion
This study illustrated the major role of emergency response in psychiatric crisis intervention and the need for strengthening networks with police, fire departments, and relevant agencies, and improving the treatment of care staff and public awareness. In addition, this study provides evidence for predicting risk factors and offering preventive and preemptive measures.
8.Proinflammatory Effects of High Mobility Group B1 (HMGB1) Versus LPS and the Mechanism of IL-8 Promoter Stimulation by HMGB1.
Eun Ju JEON ; Hee Won KWAK ; Ju Han SONG ; Young Woo LEE ; Jae Woo CHUNG ; Jae Chul CHOI ; Jong Wook SHIN ; In Won PARK ; Byoung Whui CHOI ; Jae Yeol KIM
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases 2007;62(4):299-307
BACKGROUND: High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a novel, late mediator of inflammation. This study compared the pro-inflammatory effects of LPS and HMGB1. The transcriptional factors that play an important role in mediating the HMGB1-induced stimulation of IL-8 were also evaluated. METHODS: RAW264.7 cells were stimulated with either LPS (100 ng/ml) or HMGB1 (500 ng/ml). The TNF-alpha, MIP-2 and IL-1beta levels in the supernatant were evaluated by ELISA at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24h after stimulation. An acute lung injury was induced by an injection of LPS (5 mg/kg) or HMGB1 (2.5 mg/kg) into the peritoneum of the Balb/c mice. The lung cytokines and MPO activity were measured at 4h (for LPS) or 24h (for HMGB1) after the injection. The transcriptional factor binding sites for NF-IL6, NF-kappaB and AP-1 in the IL-8 promoter region were artificially mutated. Each mutant was ligated with pIL-6luc and transfected into the RAW264.7 cells. One hour after stimulation with HMGB1 (500 ng/ml), the cell lysate was analyzed for the luciferase activity. RESULTS: The expression of MIP-2, which peaked at 8h with LPS stimulation, increased sequentially until 24h after HMGB1 stimulation. An intraperitoneal injection of HMGB1, which induced a minimal increased in IL-1beta expression, provoked the accumulation of neutrophils the lung. A mutation of AP-1 as well as NF-kappaB in the IL-8 promoter region resulted in a lower luciferase activity after HMGB1 stimulation. CONCLUSION: The proinflammatory effects of HMGB1, particularly on IL-8, are mediated by both NF-kappaB and AP-1.
Acute Lung Injury
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Animals
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Binding Sites
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CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta
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Cytokines
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Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
;
HMGB1 Protein*
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Inflammation
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Injections, Intraperitoneal
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Interleukin-8*
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Luciferases
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Lung
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Mice
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Negotiating
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Neutrophils
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NF-kappa B
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Peritoneum
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Promoter Regions, Genetic
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Transcription Factor AP-1
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
9.Risk Factors for Mortality in Community-Acquired Pneumonia Patients Admitted to a Referral Hospital.
Young Woo LEE ; Jae Woo JUNG ; Ju Han SONG ; Eun Ju JEON ; Jae Cheol CHOI ; Jong Wook SHIN ; Jae Yeol KIM ; In Won PARK ; Byoung Whui CHOI
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases 2006;61(4):347-355
BACKGROUND: Pneumonia is the most common cause of death among infectious diseases with community-acquired pneumonia being the sixth leading cause of death in the USA. In Korea, several studies have evaluated the prognosis of community-acquired pneumonia with a limited number of patients and risk factors. This study, evaluated all the possible risk factors (including the pneumonia severity index; PSI) in for the community-acquired pneumonia patients admitted to a referral hospital. METHODS: The medical records of patients admitted to the Chung-Aug University Yongsan Hospital between January 2002 and January 2005 for community-acquired pneumonia were reviewed retrospectively. The demographic data, comorbidity, radiographic findings and laboratory results which might influence the prognosis of pneumonia were analyzed. RESULTS: Among 179 patients admitted for community-acquired pneumonia, 29 patients died (mortality 16%). The risk factors for mortality in the comorbidity category were congestive heart failure and a myocardial infarction. The laboratory data, showed that albumin, LDH, total cholesterol, HDL, PT, aPTT, hemoglobin and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were related to the prognosis. For the pneumonia severity index, the mortality rate increased in a step-wise manner from class I through class V. CONCLUSIONS: Comorbidities such as congestive heart failure and myocardial infarction as well as the albumin, LDH, total cholesterol, HDL cholestreol, prothrombin time, activated partial thrombotin time, hemoglobin and blood urea nitrogen(BUN) are important risk factors for mortality in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. PSI is a valuable index for evaluating the prognosis of community-acquired pneumonia.
Blood Urea Nitrogen
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Cause of Death
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Cholesterol, HDL
;
Communicable Diseases
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Comorbidity
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Heart Failure
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Humans
;
Korea
;
Medical Records
;
Mortality*
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Myocardial Infarction
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Pneumonia*
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Prognosis
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Prothrombin Time
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Referral and Consultation*
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Retrospective Studies
;
Risk Factors*
;
Urea
10.Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) Augments Acute Lung Injury via Its Neutrophil Priming Effects.
Jae Chol CHOI ; Jae Woo JUNG ; Hee Won KWAK ; Ju Han SONG ; Eun Ju JEON ; Jong Wook SHIN ; In Won PARK ; Byoung Whui CHOI ; Jae Yeol KIM
Journal of Korean Medical Science 2008;23(2):288-295
Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has immuno-stimulatory effects. We hypothesized that GM-CSF plays an important role both in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and hemorrhage-induced acute lung injury (ALI). We also postulated that GM-CSF augments LPS-induced inflammation by priming neutrophils. ALI was induced in GM-CSF-/- or control C57BL mice either by LPS injection or by hemorrhage. Lung inflammation (by lung expression for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin- 6 (IL-6), and keratinocyte-derived chemokine) and lung injury (by myeloperoxidase and evans blue dye assay) were evaluated after ALI. Incremental doses of LPS (0, 1, 10, and 100 ng/mL) and GM-CSF (0, 1, 10, and 100 ng/mL) were added to bone marrow neutrophils. The expression of TNF-alpha, MIP-2, and IL-1beta was evaluated with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The mRNA expression of three cytokines, and the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF kappa-B) were evaluated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and electropnoretic mobility shift assay, respectively. GM-CSF -/- mice showed decreased neutrophil infiltration, less leakage, and lower expression of cytokines in the lung after LPS or hemorrhage. GM-CSF augmented LPS-induced protein and mRNA expression of TNF-alpha, MIP-2 and IL-1beta, which was mediated by increased intra-nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B. GM-CSF plays an important role in high-dose LPS and hemorrhage-induced ALI, which appears to be mediated by its priming effect on neutrophils.
Animals
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Bone Marrow Cells/cytology
;
Chemokine CXCL2/metabolism
;
Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/metabolism/*physiology
;
Interleukin-1beta/metabolism
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Lipopolysaccharides/metabolism
;
Lung/metabolism/pathology
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*Lung Injury
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Male
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Mice
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Mice, Inbred BALB C
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Mice, Inbred C57BL
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Mice, Transgenic
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Neutrophils/*cytology/metabolism
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Peroxidase/metabolism
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism