OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: The authors had attempted to find psychiatric characteristics of recruites who had complained lumbar pain. The patient group were 48 recruites who had admitted at recruit training center of the OO division from September 6 1996 to November 15 1996. The control group were 48 healthy recruites who had been chosen randomly during the same period. Each group had been examined by MMPI, BDI(Beck's depression inventory), Zung's self-rating pain and distress scale, and Barron's ego strength use. The data were analyzed by chi-square test or t-test. RESULTS: The results of this study were as follows: 1) On demographic data, patient group had distributed more common in lower level of economic status(p<.05). 2) The score of BDI and Zung's self rating pain and distress scale of patients group were significantly higher than those of control group(p<.01). 3) The mean T-score on each scale were within normal range in both group. 4) The group of patients showed significantly higher score on sclaes of Pa(p<.05), and scales of F, Hs, D, Hy, Pd, Pt, Sc(p<.01). 5) Ego strength of patients group was significantly lower than that of control group(p<.01). CONCLUSION: This finding supports the existing hypothesis that lumbar pain patients are strongly related to emotional factor.
Depression ; Ego ; Humans ; MMPI ; Reference Values ; Weights and Measures

PURPOSE: The nature of allergic rhinitis (AR) in preschool aged children remains incompletely characterized. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of AR and its associated risk factors in preschool-aged children and to assess the clinical utility of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). METHODS: This general population-based, cross-sectional survey included 933 preschool-aged (3- to 7-year-old) children from Korea. Current AR was defined as having nasal symptoms within the last 12 months and physician-diagnosed AR. RESULTS: The prevalence of current AR in preschool children was 17.0% (156/919). Mold exposure (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-2.43) and the use of antibiotics (aOR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.33-2.90) during infancy were associated with an increased risk of current AR, whereas having an older sibling (aOR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.35-0.75) reduced the risk. Children with current atopic AR had significantly higher geometric mean levels of FeNO compared to those with non-atopic rhinitis (12.43; range of 1standard deviation [SD], 7.31-21.14 vs 8.25; range of 1SD, 5.62-12.10, P=0.001) or non-atopic healthy children (8.58; range of 1SD, 5.51-13.38, P<0.001). The FeNO levels were higher in children with current atopic AR compared with atopic healthy children (9.78; range of 1SD, 5.97-16.02, P=0.083). CONCLUSIONS: Mold exposure and use of antibiotics during infancy increases the risk of current AR, whereas having an older sibling reduces it. Children with current atopic AR exhibit higher levels of FeNO compared with non-atopic rhinitis cases, suggesting that FeNO levels may be a useful discriminatory marker for subtypes of AR in preschool children.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Child ; Child, Preschool* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Fungi ; Humans ; Korea ; Nitric Oxide ; Odds Ratio ; Prevalence ; Rhinitis ; Rhinitis, Allergic* ; Risk Factors ; Siblings