Purpose: As global interest in glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) has increased owing to weight loss effect, concerns regarding the risk of suicide/self-injury associated with GLP-1 RAs have garnered considerable attention. Given the limited evidence, in this study, we aimed to investigate the potential relationship between GLP-1 RAs and suicide/self-injury, stratified by therapeutic indications, using VigiBase, the largest global database. Methods: Disproportionality analysis was conducted to detect signals of disproportionate reporting using VigiBase data from April 28, 2005, to August 31, 2023. Subgroup analyses by indication were conducted, comparing against drugs that have different mechanisms but are used for similar indications (type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM] treatment: glucose-lowering agents; weight loss: orlistat). Reporting odds ratio (ROR) and information component (IC) were used as signal detection indicators. Results: A total of 485 reports of suicide/self-injury associated with GLP-1 RAs were identified. Indication-integrated analyses did not indicate a potential relationship between any GLP-1 RA and suicide/self-injury. In subgroup analyses by indication, signals of disproportionate reporting were not detected in patients using GLP-1 RAs for T2DM treatment but were detected in patients using GLP-1 RAs for weight loss: total (ROR, 2.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.34 to 3.01; IC025, 0.01), liraglutide (ROR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.47 to 3.49; IC025, 0.14), semaglutide (ROR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.31 to 4.14; IC025, 0.22). Conclusion Given the differences in results by indication, this study highlights the need for post-marketing surveillance of the suicide/self-injury risk in non-T2DM populations using GLP-1 RAs for simple weight loss.

PURPOSE: This study was done to examine the effects of a literary therapy intervention on ego-resilience and maladaptive behavior among children of broken homes. METHODS: The intervention consisted of 16 sessions designed to achieve a positive self-concept and was constructed as an interaction between participant and certain literature including poetry, narratives, dramas, art therapy, and willingness to share it with others. The study was carried out from May 2 to July 25, 2006. The participants were 36 children resided in a vulnerable region in G city. The collected data for Ego-resilience, Korean-Children Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL), Korean-Youth Self-Report (K-YSR) were respectively analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, repeated measures ANOVA with Post Hoc, and ANCOVA with the SPSS/WIN version 12.0 program. RESULTS: After the intervention, there was a significant difference between the experimental and the control group for Ego-resilience, K-CBCL, and K-YSR. There were significant differences according to time process in ego-resilience and K-YSR. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that literary therapy is an effective nursing intervention for enhancing ego-resilience and reducing maladaptive behavior in children of broken homes.
Art Therapy ; Checklist ; Child* ; Drama ; Ego* ; Humans ; Nursing

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of mothers' recognition of Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), parenting stress and family support in mothers of children diagnosed with ADHD. METHODS: The data were collected from December 24, 2009 to July 23, 2010. The participants were 141 mothers of children diagnosed with ADHD and who lived in D city. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients with SPSS 17.0 were used to analyze the data. To determine the most effective variable (mothers' recognition, parenting stress and family support) to predict parental stress, data were analyzed using canonical correlation with SAS 9.1 TS. RESULTS: Canonical correlation analysis revealed that professional and teachers' roles of the 3 sub-domains of mothers' recognition were the most outstanding variables in predicting parenting stress. Parental distress/parent-child dysfunctional interaction of parenting stress was the most outstanding variable in predicting both mothers' recognition and family support. Spouse cooperation in family support was the most outstanding variable in predicting parenting stress. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that strengthening parents' recognition of ADHD and supporting interventions are important for reducing parenting stress. Professional and teachers' roles, parental distress/parent-child dysfunctional interaction and spouse cooperation should be included in the contents of structured programs.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; Child ; Humans ; Mothers ; Parenting ; Parents ; Phenothiazines ; Spouses ; Child Health

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to use meta-analysis to examine recent domestic articles related to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in school-age children. METHODS: After reviewing 213 articles published between 1990 and 2009 from and cited in RISS, KISS, and DBpia, the researchers identified 24 studies with 440 research variables that had appropriate data for methodological study. SPSS 17.0 program was used. The outcome variables were divided into five types: Inattention, hyperactive impulsive, intrinsic, extrinsic, and academic ability variables. RESULTS: Effects size of overall core symptoms was 0.47 which is moderate level in terms of Cohen criteria and effects size of overall negative variables related ADHD was 0.27 which is small level. The most dominant variable related to ADHD was obtained from hyperactive-impulsive (0.70). Also academic ability (0.45), inattention (0.37), and intrinsic variables (0.29) had a small effect whereas extrinsic variables (0.13) had little effect on descriptive ADHD study. CONCLUSION: The results reveal that ADHD core symptoms have moderate effect size and peripheral negative variables related ADHD have small effect size. To improve the reliability of the meta-analysis results by minimizing publication bias, more intervention studies using appropriate study designs should be done.
Adolescent ; Attention ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/*etiology ; Child ; Child Psychology ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Task Performance and Analysis

Objective: This study investigated associations of life stressors and serum ghrelin levels with suicidal ideation (SI), and evaluated the potential mediating effect of ghrelin on associations between life stressors and SI in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: In total, 969 ACS patients recruited from a tertiary university hospital in Korea within 2 weeks of disease onset were evaluated in terms of life stressors (using the List of Threatening Events Questionnaire), serum ghrelin levels, and SI (using the “suicidal thoughts” item of the Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale). Covariates included sociodemographics, depression, vascular risk factors, and disease severity. After 1 year, 711 patients were re-evaluated in terms of SI; logistic regression was performed with adjustment for covariates. Results: Life stressors were significantly associated with SI at baseline and follow-up. Serum ghrelin showed no such associations, but high levels thereof mediated associations of life stressors with SI; significant interaction terms were also observed after adjustment for covariates. Conclusion By evaluating life stressors and serum ghrelin levels, clinical prediction of SI in the acute and chronic phases of ACS could be improved.

The osteopoikilosis is commonly known as harmatoma in which metaphyseal and epiphyseal area of long bones and the bone of pelvis, hands, feet and et al, contain islands of dense cortical bone with normal Harversian system without any symptoms. The radiologic findings of the osteopoikilosis is multitude of oval or well-circumscribed areas of increased density, 2 to 10 mm in size, in symmetrical distribution and normal uptake in bone scan. Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome, which is transmitted by autosomal dominant, is characterized by the association of osteopoikilosis and connective tissue nevi which are popular and symmetrically distributed lesions on chest, back, buttock, thigh or arm. Authors report three Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome, studied by CT scan, MRI, bone scan and bone and skin biopsy, among five patients associated with osteopoikilosis found by simple radiologic study from ten members in one family with their pedigree.
Arm ; Biopsy ; Buttocks ; Connective Tissue ; Foot ; Hand ; Humans ; Islands ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Nevus ; Osteopoikilosis ; Pedigree ; Pelvis ; Skin ; Thigh ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective: We aimed to identify the individual and interactive effects of childhood abuse and suicidal ideation on antidepressant treatment response in 12 months. Methods: In this prospective research, 1,262 depressive patients were asked about their childhood abuse history, suicidal ideation, and other clinical characteristics and socio-demographic features at baseline, and 1,015 of them were followed during 1 year of stepwise pharmacotherapy. The individual and interactive relationships of the childhood abuse history and suicidal ideation on 12-month antidepressant non-remission were explored by logistic regression with relevant covariates. Results: Having a childhood abuse history and higher suicidal ideation significantly predicted a non-remission state in 12 months respectively. The interaction term of childhood abuse and suicidal ideation was also significantly related to a non-remission state at 12 months. To be specific, in the low suicidal ideation group, depressive patients with a childhood abuse history were more likely to be in a non-remission state after 12 months of medication. In the high suicidal ideation group, however, childhood abuse history was not significantly associated with the non-remission state at 12 months. Conclusion The childhood abuse history and the level of suicidal ideation are informative factors predicting the long-term results of antidepressant treatment, especially when they are combined. Clinicians may consider antidepressants with a higher affinity for patients with childhood abuse history even if they don’t have suicidal ideation. The cognitive intervention for suicidal ideation might be helpful in addition to pharmacological treatment.

Microsurgery of the larynx using direct laryngoscopy is becoming an increasingly popular technique for the otorhinolaryngologist. Many techniques of anesthesia have been developed for these procedures but they all have the same drawbacks. General anesthesia with endotracheal intubation decreases the field of vision for the surgeon or it requires unusual surgeon anesthetist co-operatives. Therefore neuroleptic analgesia has been adapted to the suspension laryngoscope. Because of the greater stability of the circulatery and respiratory systems associated with their use. Thalamonal(droperidol 2.5mg/ml with fentanyl 0.05mg/ml) was found to be preferable to other anesthstic for the production of neuroleptic analgesia. Thus in 28 patients requiring laryngomicrosurgery in Severance hospital duriag the past 4 years(May, 1975-March, 1979), a butyrophenon derivative, droperidol and fentanyl has been used for the production of neuroleptic analgesia. Consequently. we concluded that, in most cases of suspension laryngoscopy, we could gain a good analgesic and anesthetic condition with 3.02ml(mean value) Thalamonal adveres action for a 55 minute(mean value) operation without remarkable undesirable adveres effects. In addition to this. this technique was of great benefit to the operator, because not only the patient awake during operation and cooperative to the operation but also vocal cord mobility can be observed during the operation.
Analgesia ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Droperidol ; Fentanyl ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Laryngoscopes ; Laryngoscopy ; Larynx ; Microsurgery ; Respiratory System ; Vocal Cords

The concept of a CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) was first introduced by Toyota and Issa to describe a subset of colorectal cancers (CRCs) with concurrent hypermethylation of multiple CpG island loci. The concept of CIMP as a molecular carcinogenesis mechanism was consolidated by the identification of the serrated neoplasia pathway, in which CIMP participates in the initiation and progression of serrated adenomas. Distinct clinicopathological and molecular features of CIMP-high (CIMP-H) CRCs have been characterized, including proximal colon location, older age of onset, female preponderance, and frequent associations of high-level microsatellite instability and BRAF mutations. CIMP-H CRCs arise in sessile or traditional serrated adenomas and thus tend to display the morphological characteristics of serrated adenomas, including epithelial serration, vesicular nuclei, and abundant cytoplasm. Both the frequent association of CIMP and poor prognosis and different responses of CRCs to adjuvant therapy depending on CIMP status indicate clinical implications. In this review, we present an overview of the literature documenting the relevant findings of CIMP-H CRCs and their relationships with the serrated neoplasia pathway.
Adenoma ; Age of Onset ; Carcinogenesis ; Colon ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; CpG Islands* ; Cytoplasm ; Female ; Humans ; Microsatellite Instability ; Phenotype ; Prognosis

Purpose: Since the division of the Korean Peninsula into South and North Korea in 1948, the gaps in the medical system and the socioeconomic status between these 2 countries has expanded. The purpose of this study was to analyze the distribution of different areas of research, as well as the types of research that was conducted in the North Korean medical journal, ‘Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology.’ This study aimed to specifically investigate the medical research status of healthcare in women and children. Methods: This study analyzed a total of 949 papers that were published in the North Korean medical journal, ‘Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology.’ Papers from January 2015 to December 2019 were included. For the analysis, the 8th Korean Standard Classification of Diseases, disease name, subspecialty classification, and research classifications were extracted from the papers.Result: Of the 949 papers included in the analysis, 495, 366, and 88 studies were conducted in the major fields of obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, and on breast surgery, respectively. Within the field of obstetrics and gynecology, the most studied subspecialties were maternal and fetal medicine, general gynecology, and gynecologic oncology. To a lesser extent, the following subspecialties were reported: gynecologic endocrinology (6.7%), infertility (6.3%), and urogynecology (approximately 1%). Conclusion Although North Korean papers differ from those published worldwide (due to government intervention), they are still a useful source of information as they are easier to access than alternative data sources. The results from this study have implications for understanding the distribution of research on different areas of healthcare, as well as the burden of healthcare in North Korea.