This report is based on analysis of admissions to the department of pediatric at the Wonju Christian Hospital during the 3 3/4-year period from January 1989 to September 1993 with an Isolated ostium secundum ASD. Several methods of assessment of ASD size, namely, echographic, pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio(Qp:Qs), and angiographic measures, were undertaken in a group of 37 patients, who were being evaluated for transcatheter closure of ASD; the results were compared with the operation diameter. The result of study was as follows : 1) The (Qp:Qs) ratio have no significant(p>0.01) correlation with the operation diameter(r= 0.342) 2) The angiographic size have a significant(p<0.01) correlation with the operation diameter (r=0.842) 3) The echo diameter has the best correlation with the operation diameter(r=0.935; p<0.01) The operation diameter can be estimated by the equation: 1.05 x echo diameter in millimeters+0.93mm. It is concluded that operation diameter of ASD can be estimated accurately by two-dimensional subcostal echo measurements, which in turn could be used for selection of device size for occlusion of the ASD.
Angiocardiography ; Echocardiography* ; Gangwon-do ; Humans

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to define the Korean norm values for the Ricketts analysis. METHODS: In this longitudinal study, lateral cephalograms of 31 subjects with normal occlusion were taken biennially from ages 9-19 years. Cephalometric measurements were performed. Parameters for which the 10-year change did not exceed one standard deviation were defined as unchanged. The means and standard deviations for the measured parameters were determined for each age group. RESULTS: No significant changes in growth were observed in the molar relationship, incisor overjet, incisor overbite, mandibular incisor extrusion, interincisor angle, lower incisor tip (B1) to A point-Pogonion (A-PO) plane, upper incisor tip (A1) to A-PO plane, B1 inclination to A-PO, A1 inclination to A-PO, B1 inclination to Frankfurt plane (FH), convexity, lower facial height, facial axis, maxillary depth, maxillary height, palatal plane to FH, cranial deflection, ramus Xi position, or porion location. Continual changes over the 10 years of growth were observed in the maxillary first molar distal position to pterygoid true vertical plane, facial depth, mandibular plane to FH, anterior cranial length, mandibular arc, and corpus length. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians can apply the Korean norms at age 9 as determined in this study when using the Ricketts analysis. The patient's age at the beginning of treatment and their sex should be taken into consideration when drawing visual treatment objectives.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Growth and Development ; Humans ; Incisor ; Longitudinal Studies ; Molar ; Overbite

No abstract available.
Flow Cytometry* ; Microscopy*

No abstract available.
Flow Cytometry* ; Microscopy*

OBJECTIVE: A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed in the detection of Chlamydia(C) trachomatis, Mycoplasma(M) hominis and Ureaplasma(U) urealyticum, which have been common causes of sexual transmitted diseases in the female genital tracts and in neonatal infection. To investigate tbe frequency of these organisms in the female genital tract infection and to know any association of these infections with clinical manifestations, PCR was performed. METHODS: PCR was performed in 300 cases of vaginal swabs and 154 paraffin embedded tissues including 50 cases of chronic endometritis, 50 cases of cleonic salpingitis, 50 cases of ectopic tubal pregnancy and 4 cases of normal endometrium. RESULTS: Among 300 cases of vaginal swabs, C. trachomatis, M. hominis and U. urealyticum were detected in 1.3%, 4.0%, and 29.6%, respectively. Mixed infection was found in 12.0%. the overall positive rate was 47.0%. The cytologic features from C. trachomatis, M. hominis and U. urealyticum positive patients revealed no specific findings. The clinical manifestations between positive and negative cases for these organisms had no differences. In tissue samples, only C. trachomatis was detected 2% of chronic endometritis, 8% of chronic salpingitis and 4% of ectopic tubal pregnancy. CONCLUSION: With the above results, it suggests C. trachomatis can evoke an ascending chronic infection of the female genital tracts and ectopic tubal pegnancy,
Chlamydia trachomatis* ; Chlamydia* ; Coinfection ; Endometritis ; Endometrium ; Female* ; Humans ; Mycoplasma hominis* ; Mycoplasma* ; Paraffin* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Tubal ; Reproductive Tract Infections* ; Salpingitis ; Ureaplasma urealyticum* ; Ureaplasma*

No abstract available.
Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic* ; Wegener Granulomatosis*

We present a patient with spinal epidural arteriovenous fistula presented with subdural hematoma and progressive myelopathy. Transarterial embolization using NBCA results in complete obliteration of fistula without complication. The pathophysiology, angioarchitexture of the lesion and strategy for its cure would be discussed.
Arteriovenous Fistula* ; Fistula ; Hematoma, Subdural* ; Humans ; Spinal Cord Diseases ; Spine

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical course of visual acuity and foveal thickness in the idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) after a vitrectomy with the use of triamcinolone. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 30 patients (30 eyes) with ERM that were treated by vitrectomy from 2004 to 2008. Visual acuity and foveal thickness from optical coherence tomography imaging was obtained preoperatively and at every postoperative follow-up visit. RESULTS: Visual acuity improved by two or more lines of vision in 30%, 50%, 60%, and 70%, and stayed the same within +/-1 line in 47%, 50%, 40%, and 30% at one month, three months, five months, and seven months after surgery. Twenty-three percents of the subjects deteriorated by two or more lines of vision within one month after surgery. None of the subjects had reduced vision three months after surgery. Foveal thickness decreased significantly after surgery. The mean thickness was 409.7+/-107.9 microm before surgery and 288.6+/-66.1 microm seven months after surgery. Parameters which were significantly correlated with the final visual acuity included preoperative visual acuity (0.683), preoperative foveal thickness (0.544), and final foveal thickness (0.643) (p<0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Foveal thickness and visual acuity improved until seven months after the vitrectomy in patients with idiopathic ERM. Preoperative visual acuity, foveal thickness, and final foveal thickness had a significant correlation with the final visual acuity.
Aged ; Epiretinal Membrane/pathology/*surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fovea Centralis/*pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Period ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Treatment Outcome ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy/*methods

PURPOSE: This study examined the most effective exercise while performing shoulder abduction below ninety degrees. METHODS: Thirty two healthy individuals (17 males, 15 females) participated and performed four exercises, 1) Posterior fly, 2) Prone row, 3) Modified prone cobra, and 4) External rotation in the prone position. Surface electromyography (sEMG) was used to measure the electrical activities for the lower, middle and upper fiber of trapezius and serratus anterior. RESULTS: A significant difference in the muscle activities of the upper/middle/lower trapezius and serratus anterior was observed among the three different positions in terms of the PF (posterior fly), PR (prone row), and MPC (modified prone cobra) (p<0.05). In post-hoc analysis, the activities of the lower and upper trapezius were significantly higher than those of the upper trapezius and serratus anterior (p<0.05). In addition, in ERP (external rotation in prone), there was a significant difference in each activity of the muscles. Post-hoc results indicated that the upper trapezius showed greater EMG activity than the other three muscles. CONCLUSION: External rotation in the prone position revealed the highest activation of the lower trapezius compared to upper trapezius muscle activity. This may be particularly useful in isolating the lower trapezius in cases where excessive scapular elevation is noted. Therefore, the most effective lower trapezius exercise should be performed below ninety degrees of shoulder abduction.
Adult ; Diptera ; Elapidae ; Electromyography ; Exercise ; Humans ; Male ; Muscles ; Prone Position ; Shoulder ; Superficial Back Muscles

Purpose: The characteristics of pediatric dermoid cyst patients. Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of 64 dermoid cyst patients (65 eyes) aged < 18 years. Results: Limbal dermoids and conjunctival dermolipomas were observed in 49 and 16 eyes (48 and 16 patients), respectively. Limbal dermoids were more common in the left eye (61%), particularly on the inferotemporal side (80%). Three (6%) of the patients were diagnosed with Goldenhar syndrome. The horizontal diameter (3.76 ± 1.30 mm) was greater than the vertical diameter (3.74 ± 1.30 mm). Most of the lesions were yellow (35.2%) in color, mildly elevated (n = 19, 55.9%), and not visible when the eyes were closed. The mean best corrected visual acuity was 0.8 ± 0.2 in 23 patients, with mean astigmatism and mean corneal astigmatism values of -2.1 ± 2.2 diopters (D) and -2.0 ± 1.1 D, respectively. None of the conjunctival dermolipoma patients had any ocular history. The left eye (75%), particularly the temporal and superiotemporal conjunctival fornix, was the most commonly affected site. The mean best corrected visual acuity was 0.9 ± 0.0 in seven patients, with an average astigmatism of -0.3 ± 0.2 D. Conclusions Dermoid cysts are congenital benign tumors that may be associated with congenital diseases. They vary in size, location, color, and extent of invasion, and may cause functional problems, such as astigmatism and amblyopia. Therefore, timely surgical treatment is desirable.