1.Fetal Weight for Gestational Period and Postnatal Weight Gain of Low Birth Weight Gain of Low Birth Wight Infant.
Jung Tae KIM ; Kong In KWON ; Tae Ju HWANG ; Hyung Suk BYUN ; Chull SHON
Journal of the Korean Pediatric Society 1983;26(2):111-117
No abstract available.
Fetal Weight*
;
Humans
;
Infant*
;
Infant, Low Birth Weight*
;
Infant, Newborn
;
Parturition*
;
Weight Gain*
2.Effects of Clonidine Pretreatment on Bupivacaine-Induced Cardiac Toxicity Resuscitation in Dogs.
Heon Keun LEE ; Heon Young AHN ; Ju Hye LEE ; Ju Tae SHON ; Young Kyun CHEONG ; Hong KO ; Byung Moon HAM
Korean Journal of Anesthesiology 1997;33(1):15-24
BACKGROUND: Bupivacaine is a amide type local anesthetic agent, widely used for its excellent quality of analgesia and long duration of action. But unintended intravenous injection causes severe complication such as convulsion and cardiovascular collapse, which is known for its difficulty in resuscitation. With all the study, the exact mechanism is still unclear and there are much debate on the method of resuscitation. METHOD: We studied the effect of clonidine pretreatment on bupivacaine-induced cardiac toxicity and resuscitation in anesthetized dog. Twelve dogs were divided into two groups. : saline pretreatment group (control, N=6) and clonidine pretreatment group (clonidine group, N=6). The dogs were anesthetized with N2O-O2-enflurane and vecuronium. Thoracotomy was done in 4th or 5th intercostal space for open cardiac massage. After confirming stability of vital signs, we administered clonidine (10 mcg/kg) or saline, and then administered bupivacaine with the rate of 2 mg/kg/min. When the electeocardiogram showed asystole, 20 mcg/kg of epinephrine was administered via central venous line and open cardiac massage with the rate of 120 beat/min. was performed. We observed electrocardiogram (lead II), arterial blood pressure, heart rate, dose of infused bupivacaine to be required for QRS widening and arrest, required time and administered dose of epinephrine for resuscitation. RESULTS: Clonidine group showed significant decrease of heart rate after pretreatment (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in required dose for QRS widening between two groups. The dose administered for inducing arrest was less in clonidine group than control group (p<0.05). The time required for resuscitation was shorter in clonidine group than control group (p<0.05). The total dose of epinephrine required for resuscitation was less in clonidine group than control group (p<0.05). The blood concentration of catecholamine did not showed significant difference during the whole course of experiment. CONCLUSIONS: Above results demonstrated that clonidine, a central nervous system-mediated sympatholytic agent, facilitated cardiac arrest when bupivacaine was infused intravenously and cardiac rescucitation.
Analgesia
;
Animals
;
Arterial Pressure
;
Bupivacaine
;
Clonidine*
;
Dogs*
;
Electrocardiography
;
Epinephrine
;
Heart Arrest
;
Heart Massage
;
Heart Rate
;
Injections, Intravenous
;
Resuscitation*
;
Seizures
;
Thoracotomy
;
Vecuronium Bromide
;
Vital Signs
3.Prolongation of Tetracaine - Spinal Anesthesia by Intrathecal Morphine.
Tae Ik SHON ; Gun SHIN ; Sun Ju ROAH ; No Cheon PARK
Korean Journal of Anesthesiology 1995;29(6):881-887
Narcotic analgesics may be added to spinal anesthetics solution to improve the quality of sensorimotor blockade and to produce postoperative pain relief. The opioid-related side effects of respiratory depression, pruritus, nausea, and urinary retension also occur with intrathecal administration and the effects are dose-related. It is difficult to select morphine with spinal anesthetic solution due to fatal side-effect, respiratory depression. Intrathecal morphine dose used for our study was less than 1mg, thereby the risk of respiratory depression was decreased. There was no report that the addition of morphine affected the motor block produced by the local anesthetics in spinal anesthesia. But in our study, we found that 0.9 mg of intrathecal morphine produced prolongation of optimal condition for operation(more than 3 hours duration), and sufficient postoperative pain relief(for about 20 hours) without respiratory depression in 28 out of 30 spinal anesthesia cases. On the other hand, 0.5 mg or 0.7 mg of intrathecal morphine produced sufficient postoperative pain relief without respiratory depression(for about 20 hours), but insufficient prolongation of optimal condition for operation in each 30 cases of spinal anesthesia.
Anesthesia, Spinal*
;
Anesthetics
;
Anesthetics, Local
;
Hand
;
Morphine*
;
Narcotics
;
Nausea
;
Pain, Postoperative
;
Pruritus
;
Respiratory Insufficiency
;
Tetracaine*
4.Efficacy of the Aniline Blue-eosin Staining Method for Testicular Sperm Chromatin Condensation Assay in Azoospermia.
Yong Seog PARK ; Jee Heun SHON ; Joong Shik LEE ; Ju Tae SEO
Korean Journal of Andrology 2010;28(2):107-111
PURPOSE: This study was performed to evaluate chromatin condensation of morphologically mature sperm using a modified aniline blue-eosin (AB-E) staining method in azoospermia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Chromatin condensation was analyzed using an AB-E staining method in 61 cases (50 patients) of TESE or testicular biopsy with the patient's own sperm. Obstructive azoospermia (OA) was present in 48 cases in 39 patients and non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) was present in 13 cases in 11 patients, respectively. Immature sperm heads were stained dark blue, whereas mature sperm were stained red-pink by the eosin. The percentage of sperm chromatin condensation was calculated from the ratio of the number of red-pink sperm to the total number of sperm analyzed. RESULTS: The percentage of chromatin maturity was 37.7% vs. 30.3% in OA and NOA, respectively, of the total sperm cell count. The maturity of fresh testicular sperm was 38.3% and 36.3% in OA and NOA, respectively. Also, the maturity of thawed testicular sperm was 34.5% and 10.3% (p<0.05) in OA and NOA, respectively. The maturity of fresh and thawed testicular sperm was 36.3% and 10.3% (p<0.05), respectively, in NOA. These results suggest that chromatin condensation is less stable in sperm of NOA and freezing and thawing procedures may impair sperm chromatin condensation. CONCLUSIONS: In our results, the aniline blue-eosin staining method improved the visualization of excessive histones in sperm and the diagnosis of sperm immaturity in morphologically normal testicular sperm. We found that AB-E staining method can be an effective method for analyzing testicular sperm chromatin condensation in azoospermia.
Aniline Compounds
;
Azoospermia
;
Biopsy
;
Cell Count
;
Chromatin
;
Eosine Yellowish-(YS)
;
Freezing
;
Histones
;
Humans
;
Sperm Head
;
Spermatozoa
5.Laryngeal Mask Airway as a Conduit for Fiberoptic Intubation and Tracheal Evaluation: 2 Cases report.
Jy Eun GO ; Il Woo SHIN ; Jae Hoon JUNG ; Ju Tae SHON ; Heon Keun LEE ; Young Kyun CHUNG
Korean Journal of Anesthesiology 2003;45(4):528-532
The laryngeal mask airway (LMA) has several advantages over endotracheal intubation for the airway management in tracheal stenosis patients. Endotracheal tubes are narrower than the natural trachea and can induce reflex airway constriction resulting in more resistance to ventilation. Furthermore, an endotracheal tube can injure the trachea, and cause airway edema, and further tracheal constriction. In contrast, the increase in airway resistance that occurs when using the laryngeal mask is relatively low, because the diameter of the laryngeal mask airway is larger than that of the endotracheal tube and the laryngeal mask airway is not intubated. However, patients with a mechanically obstructed trachea, those with tracheomalacia or an external compression of the trachea, cannot be managed with a laryngeal mask airway, because it cannot prevent tracheal collapse. Thus it is important that the causes of tracheal obstruction are differentiated. This report suggests that the laryngeal mask airway can be used as a route for mechanical ventilation and as a conduit for tracheal evaluation and endotracheal intubation using fiberoptic bronchoscope during tracheal reconstruction surgery in patients with tracheal stenosis.
Airway Management
;
Airway Resistance
;
Bronchoscopes
;
Constriction
;
Edema
;
Humans
;
Intubation*
;
Intubation, Intratracheal
;
Laryngeal Masks*
;
Reflex
;
Respiration, Artificial
;
Trachea
;
Tracheal Stenosis
;
Tracheomalacia
;
Ventilation
6.The Correlation between Increased Sensitization Rate to Weeds in Children and the Annual Increase in Weed Pollen in Korea.
Jae Won OH ; Im Ju KANG ; Sung Won KIM ; Myung Hee KOOK ; Bong Seong KIM ; Kyung Soo SHIN ; Youn Soo HAHN ; Ha Baik LEE ; Myung Hyun SHON ; Jee Tae CHEONG ; Hae Ran LEE ; Kyu Earn KIM
Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease 2006;16(2):114-121
PURPOSE: Recently allergic diseases have gradually increased in schools and among preschool aged childhood. Pollen amount of weeds also, especially ragweed, were increased. We evaluated the increased pollen count of weed was associated with the sensitization rate to weed in childhood. METHODS: Airborne particles carrying allergens were collected daily from eight stations nationwide(Seoul, Guri, Cheongju, Daegu, Kwangju, Busan, Kangneung, and Jeju) by using 7 days-Burkard sampler(Burkard Manufacturing Co Ltd, Hertfordshire, UK), for 7 years in South Korea(July 1, 1997-June 30, 2004). They were counted and recorded along with the weather. Data was collected through pediatric patients with allergic symptoms, who visit the pediatrics allergy clinics and capable of allerfy skin test among hospitals that have pollen collecting centers. RESULTS: Airborne pollen has two peak seasons:May and September in Korea. There were the tree pollen seasons from the middle of February to late July, then followed the grasses and weed season from the middle of July to the end of October. Ragweed was one of the most common pollens of autumn in Korea. In skin prick tests, Mugwort was the highest sensitization rate(7.6 percent), followed by ragweed(7.1 percent), birch(6.1 percent), alder, grasses mix among the pollen extracts in Korean school aged children. Ragweed pollen counts have gradually increased since 2000. In the same period, sensitization rates for airborne pollen, especially weeds, in Korean children have increased annually(1999:4.4 percent, 2000:7.1 percent, 2001:7.4 percent, 2002:8.5 percent, 2003:7.7 percent). CONCLUSION: Sensitization rates for outdoor airborne pollens have increased in Korean children. These findings might result from the changes of life styles and living environments in Korea.
Allergens
;
Alnus
;
Ambrosia
;
Artemisia
;
Busan
;
Child*
;
Chungcheongbuk-do
;
Daegu
;
Gangwon-do
;
Gwangju
;
Humans
;
Hypersensitivity
;
Korea*
;
Life Style
;
Pediatrics
;
Poaceae
;
Pollen*
;
Seasons
;
Skin
;
Skin Tests
;
Weather
7.Efficacy and Safety of Treatment with Quadruple Oral Hypoglycemic Agents in Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Multi-Center, Retrospective, Observational Study
Jun Sung MOON ; Sunghwan SUH ; Sang Soo KIM ; Heung Yong JIN ; Jeong Mi KIM ; Min Hee JANG ; Kyung Ae LEE ; Ju Hyung LEE ; Seung Min CHUNG ; Young Sang LYU ; Jin Hwa KIM ; Sang Yong KIM ; Jung Eun JANG ; Tae Nyun KIM ; Sung Woo KIM ; Eonju JEON ; Nan Hee CHO ; Mi-Kyung KIM ; Hye Soon KIM ; Il Seong NAM-GOONG ; Eun Sook KIM ; Jin Ook CHUNG ; Dong-Hyeok CHO ; Chang Won LEE ; Young Il KIM ; Dong Jin CHUNG ; Kyu Chang WON ; In Joo KIM ; Tae Sun PARK ; Duk Kyu KIM ; Hosang SHON
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal 2021;45(5):675-683
Only few studies have shown the efficacy and safety of glucose-control strategies using the quadruple drug combination. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the usefulness of the quadruple combination therapy with oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). From March 2014 to December 2018, data of patients with T2DM, who were treated with quadruple hypoglycemic medications for over 12 months in 11 hospitals in South Korea, were reviewed retrospectively. We compared glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels before and 12 months after quadruple treatment with OHAs. The safety, maintenance rate, and therapeutic patterns after failure of the quadruple therapy were also evaluated. In total, 357 patients were enrolled for quadruple OHA therapy, and the baseline HbA1c level was 9.0%±1.3% (74.9±14.1 mmol/mol). After 12 months, 270 patients (75.6%) adhered to the quadruple therapy and HbA1c was significantly reduced from 8.9%±1.2% to 7.8%±1.3% (mean change, −1.1%±1.2%; This study shows the therapeutic efficacy of the quadruple OHA regimen T2DM and demonstrates that it can be an option for the management of T2DM patients who cannot use insulin or reject injectable therapy.
8.Efficacy and Safety of Treatment with Quadruple Oral Hypoglycemic Agents in Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Multi-Center, Retrospective, Observational Study
Jun Sung MOON ; Sunghwan SUH ; Sang Soo KIM ; Heung Yong JIN ; Jeong Mi KIM ; Min Hee JANG ; Kyung Ae LEE ; Ju Hyung LEE ; Seung Min CHUNG ; Young Sang LYU ; Jin Hwa KIM ; Sang Yong KIM ; Jung Eun JANG ; Tae Nyun KIM ; Sung Woo KIM ; Eonju JEON ; Nan Hee CHO ; Mi-Kyung KIM ; Hye Soon KIM ; Il Seong NAM-GOONG ; Eun Sook KIM ; Jin Ook CHUNG ; Dong-Hyeok CHO ; Chang Won LEE ; Young Il KIM ; Dong Jin CHUNG ; Kyu Chang WON ; In Joo KIM ; Tae Sun PARK ; Duk Kyu KIM ; Hosang SHON
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal 2021;45(5):675-683
Only few studies have shown the efficacy and safety of glucose-control strategies using the quadruple drug combination. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the usefulness of the quadruple combination therapy with oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). From March 2014 to December 2018, data of patients with T2DM, who were treated with quadruple hypoglycemic medications for over 12 months in 11 hospitals in South Korea, were reviewed retrospectively. We compared glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels before and 12 months after quadruple treatment with OHAs. The safety, maintenance rate, and therapeutic patterns after failure of the quadruple therapy were also evaluated. In total, 357 patients were enrolled for quadruple OHA therapy, and the baseline HbA1c level was 9.0%±1.3% (74.9±14.1 mmol/mol). After 12 months, 270 patients (75.6%) adhered to the quadruple therapy and HbA1c was significantly reduced from 8.9%±1.2% to 7.8%±1.3% (mean change, −1.1%±1.2%; This study shows the therapeutic efficacy of the quadruple OHA regimen T2DM and demonstrates that it can be an option for the management of T2DM patients who cannot use insulin or reject injectable therapy.
9.Efficacy and Safety of Treatment with Quadruple Oral Hypoglycemic Agents in Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Multi-Center, Retrospective, Observational Study
Jun Sung MOON ; Sunghwan SUH ; Sang Soo KIM ; Heung Yong JIN ; Jeong Mi KIM ; Min Hee JANG ; Kyung Ae LEE ; Ju Hyung LEE ; Seung Min CHUNG ; Young Sang LYU ; Jin Hwa KIM ; Sang Yong KIM ; Jung Eun JANG ; Tae Nyun KIM ; Sung Woo KIM ; Eonju JEON ; Nan Hee CHO ; Mi-Kyung KIM ; Hye Soon KIM ; Il Seong NAM-GOONG ; Eun Sook KIM ; Jin Ook CHUNG ; Dong-Hyeok CHO ; Chang Won LEE ; Young Il KIM ; Dong Jin CHUNG ; Kyu Chang WON ; In Joo KIM ; Tae Sun PARK ; Duk Kyu KIM ; Hosang SHON
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal 2020;44(S1):e46-
Background:
Only few studies have shown the efficacy and safety of glucose-control strategies using the quadruple drug combination. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the usefulness of the quadruple combination therapy with oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods:
From March 2014 to December 2018, data of patients with T2DM, who were treated with quadruple hypoglycemic medications for over 12 months in 11 hospitals in South Korea, were reviewed retrospectively. We compared glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels before and 12 months after quadruple treatment with OHAs. The safety, maintenance rate, and therapeutic patterns after failure of the quadruple therapy were also evaluated.
Results:
In total, 357 patients were enrolled for quadruple OHA therapy, and the baseline HbA1c level was 9.0%±1.3% (74.9± 14.1 mmol/mol). After 12 months, 270 patients (75.6%) adhered to the quadruple therapy and HbA1c was significantly reduced from 8.9%±1.2% to 7.8%±1.3% (mean change, –1.1%±1.2%; P<0.001). The number of patients with HbA1c <7% increased significantly from 5 to 68 (P<0.005). In addition, lipid profiles and liver enzyme levels were also improved whereas no changes in body weight. There was no significant safety issue in patients treated with quadruple OHA therapy.
Conclusion
This study shows the therapeutic efficacy of the quadruple OHA regimen T2DM and demonstrates that it can be an option for the management of T2DM patients who cannot use insulin or reject injectable therapy.