No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell*

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell*

PURPOSE: To investigate the timing of colostomy closure and the associated risk factors that affect the development of complication after colostomy closure. METHODS: We have reviewed and analyzed the results of 28 patients with colostomy closure at the Kwangju Christian Hospital from January 1993 to December 1997. We investigated to associated literatures on this subject for timing of colostomy closure, preparing a patient for colostomy closure, suture technique, wound management, underlying disease process related to the incidence of complication and experience of surgeons. RESULT: Wound infection developed in 4 patients (14.4%). Anastomotic leakage occurred in one patient (3.6%). Small bowel obstruction developed in two patients (7.2%). Overall incidence of complication was 25%. The incidence of complications in patients with trauma who underwent colostomy was 44.4% and patients without trauma, 15.8%. Complication rate was 16.6% for loop colostomies and 40% for end colostomies. The morbidity was 40% for colostomies on the left side, 18.7% for transverse colostomies, and 0% for colostomies (2 ileostomies) on the right side. The morbidity rate for closures within 6 weeks for the initial operation was 50%; for those within 6 to 12 weeks, 8.3%; and for those after 12 weeks, 16.6%. CONCLUSION: The optimal timing of closure varies from patient to patient, but closure within 6 weeks of the initial operation significantly increased the morbidity. Colostomies on the left side are associated with a higher morbidity rate than transverse colostomies or colostomies on the right side.
Anastomotic Leak ; Colostomy* ; Gwangju ; Humans ; Incidence ; Risk Factors ; Suture Techniques ; Wound Infection ; Wounds and Injuries

PURPOSE: This study was performed to identify the difference in attitudes and knowledge between high school and college girls regarding sexual education. METHOD: Data was collected from questionnaires given to 99 high school girls and 110 college girls in Seoul and Kyunggi-do. Data was analyzed using the SPSS 12.0 program. RESULT: In middle school, the time given to sexual education influenced the students present knowledge of sexual education. The sources of sex education were friends, seniors and mass media. The score for sexual knowledge in high school girls was 12.78 and for college girls 24.19. The field that obtained the highest score in territorial sexual knowledge was 'reproductive physiology' in the high school girls. There was little awareness of venereal disease, AIDS, contraception. Sexual attitudes among college girls was more open than that of high school girls. There was a positive correlation between sexual knowledge and attitudes(r=.535, p<.001). The significant difference of items were residence and sexual experience(p<.001). CONCLUSION: This study was shown that realistic knowledge teaching of venereal diseases, contraception and AIDS should be included in planning of sexual education programs. Specially, the groups had sexual experience and college girls in the dormitory will need more specific teaching.
Contraception ; Education ; Female* ; Friends ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Mass Media ; Seoul ; Sex Education ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell*

BACKGROUND: Tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic with weak opioid agonist properties and has effect on the spinal inhibition of pain. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of tramadol in the treatment of postanesthetic shivering. METHODS: Sixty patients (ASA class I/II) who showed postanesthetic shivering were randomly assigned into three groups (n=20): Normal saline group; normal saline 10 ml, tramadol (TRD) 0.5 mg/kg group; tramadol 0.5 mg/kg, TRD 1.0 mg/kg group; tramadol 1.0 mg/kg. And all patients received standard postoperative management in the recovery room. Evaluation of the grade of shivering was done at 30 seconds, 2, 5 and 10 minutes from the beginning of the treatment by the same investigator who had injected the drug. The age, sex, weight, duration of anesthesia and axillary temperature were recorded. RESULTS: By 30 seconds, 2 minutes, 5 minutes, and 10 minutes, 0, 4, 9, 9 patients of the 0.5 mg/kg tramadol group (n=20) and 7, 18, 19, 19 patients of the 1.0 mg/kg tramadol group (n=20) stopped the shivering respectively. But in 3 patients of 0.5 mg/kg tramadol group who stopped shivering by 5 minutes, shivering was recurred within 10 minutes and in 3 patients who had not stopped shivering by 5 minutes, shivering stopped by 10 minutes. In the placebo group, only 1 patient stopped shivering by 5 minutes. CONCLUSION: 1.0 mg/kg of tramadol was effective for the treatment of postanesthetic shivering but 0.5 mg/kg of tramadol was ineffective.
Anesthesia ; Humans ; Recovery Room ; Research Personnel ; Shivering* ; Tramadol*

BACKGROUND: Tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic with weak opioid agonist properties and has effect on the spinal inhibition of pain. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of tramadol in the treatment of postanesthetic shivering. METHODS: Sixty patients (ASA class I/II) who showed postanesthetic shivering were randomly assigned into three groups (n=20): Normal saline group; normal saline 10 ml, tramadol (TRD) 0.5 mg/kg group; tramadol 0.5 mg/kg, TRD 1.0 mg/kg group; tramadol 1.0 mg/kg. And all patients received standard postoperative management in the recovery room. Evaluation of the grade of shivering was done at 30 seconds, 2, 5 and 10 minutes from the beginning of the treatment by the same investigator who had injected the drug. The age, sex, weight, duration of anesthesia and axillary temperature were recorded. RESULTS: By 30 seconds, 2 minutes, 5 minutes, and 10 minutes, 0, 4, 9, 9 patients of the 0.5 mg/kg tramadol group (n=20) and 7, 18, 19, 19 patients of the 1.0 mg/kg tramadol group (n=20) stopped the shivering respectively. But in 3 patients of 0.5 mg/kg tramadol group who stopped shivering by 5 minutes, shivering was recurred within 10 minutes and in 3 patients who had not stopped shivering by 5 minutes, shivering stopped by 10 minutes. In the placebo group, only 1 patient stopped shivering by 5 minutes. CONCLUSION: 1.0 mg/kg of tramadol was effective for the treatment of postanesthetic shivering but 0.5 mg/kg of tramadol was ineffective.
Anesthesia ; Humans ; Recovery Room ; Research Personnel ; Shivering* ; Tramadol*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the ultrasonographic and CT findings of hepatosplenic tuberculosis MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the ultrasonographic and CT findings of confirmed hepatosplenic tuberculosis in 12patients. Six were men and six were women ; their average age was 41, and most were in their twenties. Lesions ofthe liver and spleen, as well as associated findings such as abdominal tuberculosis and other organ involvement oftuberculosis were analyzed. RESULTS: There were three cases of hepatic tuberculosis, seven of splenictuberculosis, and two of hepatosplenic involvement of tuberculosis. On the basis of the ultrasonographic and CTfindings, hepatosplenic tuberculosis was classified as one of two patterns : miliary or micronodular, ormacronodular. The micronodular type was more common (9/12 cases) being characterized by innumerable micronodules,and with easy coalescence in the liver and spleen in five of the nine cases. The macronodular type of low densitymass was noted in the other three patients. Splenomegaly was noted in 12 cases and hepatomegaly in ten. Pulmonarytuberculosis-including the miliary type(n=5)-was noted in eight patients. Associated abdominal tuberculosis suchas lymphadenopathy with central low density and peripheral rim enhancement (n=6), tuberculous peritonitis(n=3),highly attenuated ascites(n=6), adrenal tuberculosis(n=1), renal tuberculosis(n=1), ovarian abscess(n=1), psoasabscess(n=1), and systemic tuberculosis such as central nervous system tuberculoma(n=2), cervicallymphadenopathy(n=4) and tuberculous spondylitis(n=1) were noted. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonography and CT werevaluable in the detection and diagnosis of hepatosplenic tuberculosis
Central Nervous System ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Hepatomegaly ; Humans ; Liver ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Spleen ; Splenomegaly ; Tuberculosis* ; Tuberculosis, Gastrointestinal ; Tuberculosis, Hepatic ; Ultrasonography

The prevalence of heart failure (HF) is on the rise due to the aging of society. Furthermore, the continuous progress and widespread adoption of screening and diagnostic strategies have led to an increase in the detection rate of HF, effectively increasing the number of patients requiring monitoring and treatment. Because HF is associated with substantial rates of mortality and morbidity, as well as high socioeconomic burden, there is an increasing need for developing specific guidelines for HF management. The Korean guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic HF were introduced in March 2016. However, chronic and acute heart failure (AHF) represent distinct disease entities. Here, we introduce the Korean guidelines for the management of AHF with reduced or preserved ejection fraction. Part I of this guideline covers the definition, epidemiology, and diagnosis of AHF.
Aging ; Diagnosis ; Epidemiology ; Heart Failure ; Heart ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Mortality ; Prevalence