PURPOSE: Chronic allograft nephropathy is the most common cause of renal transplant failure in the first post-transplant decade, but its pathogenesis has remained unclear. The most effective option to prevent chronic allograft nephropathy is the prevention of graft injury from both immune and non-immune mechanisms. To prevent chronic allograft rejection as avoiding high risk factors in donor selection, we analyzed the potential risk factors of chronic allograft rejection in renal transplantation. METHODS: Retrospective review was performed on clinical courses of 592 recipients of renal transplantation treated with cyclosporine, azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetile and prednisone from January, 1985 to December, 2000 in Hanyang University Hospital. Of 592 cases, chronic rejection was occurred in 51 cases, we analysed this group. The control group was demographically matched using the parameters of age, gender, date of transplantation, and immunosuppressive protocol, the numbers of control group was 98 cases in same period. We compared with two groups for risk factors, such as donor age, HLA mismatching, acute rejection episode and frequency, and proteinuria at 1 month after transplantation. We identified statistical analysis using univariate logistic regression analysis with SPSS program. The data comparison was performed through chi-square test. RESULTS: The average age of recipient is 33.8 years and that of donor is 45.5 years in chronic rejection group. Acute rejection episode was 51% (26/51) compared with control group 10.2% (10/98). Univariate analysis of risk factors revealed that acute rejection episode (P=0.000), HLA-DR mismatching (P=0.000), and donor age (P=0.000) were significant independent risk factors. CONCLUSION: We suggested that acute rejection episode, over 50 years of donor age and the degree of HLA-DR mismatching were the risk factors of chronic rejection. And so, in selecting donor for living donor renal transplantation, we should concern donor age, HLA-DR mismatching, and aggressive treatment in occurring acute rejection episode after transplantation.
Allografts ; Azathioprine ; Cyclosporine ; Donor Selection ; HLA-DR Antigens ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Living Donors ; Logistic Models ; Prednisone ; Proteinuria ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors* ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants

Black-pigmented bacteria have been implicated in the endodontic infections. This group of microorganisms includes Porphyromonas endodontalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Prevotella nigrescens. The organisms display a wide variety of virulence factors that may be pertinent to acute endodontic infections. The aim of this study was to identify P. endodontalis, P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, and P. nigrescens by using special potency disk test, filter paper spot test, 16S rRNA gene-directed PCR, and API 32A. Microbial samples were collected from root canals of 33 intact teeth with necrotic pulp and/or apical periodontitis. Conventional laboratory methods were used for identification of the strains of black pigmented bacteria. Eighteen of 33 samples were positive for the growth of black-pigmented bacrteria. Five colonies were cultured from each pure cultured colonies from Brucella agar plate. Seventy seven colonies were positive for the growth of black-pigmented bacteria. Thirty three of 77(42.6%) were identifed as P. nigrescens, 10 of 77(12.9%) were P. gingivalis, 6 of 77(7.8%) were P. endodontalis, 10 of 77(12.9%) were P. intermedia. On the contrary the reference strains of P. nigrescens, experimental strains of P. nigrescens was sensitive to kanamycin in special potency disk test. 16S rRNA gene PCR and API test after rapid presumptative identification methods, such as special potency disk test and filter paper spot test, would be accurate detection methods for black-pigemented bacteria.
Agar ; Bacteria ; Brucella ; Dental Pulp Cavity ; Genes, rRNA ; Kanamycin ; Periapical Periodontitis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Porphyromonas endodontalis ; Porphyromonas gingivalis ; Prevotella intermedia ; Prevotella nigrescens ; Tooth ; Virulence Factors

One of the latest concepts in bonding are "total etch", in which both enamel and dentin are etched with an acid to remove the smear layers, and "wet dentin" in which the dentin is not dry but left moist before application of the bonding primer. Ideally, the application of a bonding agent to tooth structure should be insensitive to minor contamination from oral fluids. Clinically, contaminations such as saliva, gingival fluid, blood and handpiece lubricant are often encountered by dentists during cavity preparation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of contamination by hemostatic agents on shear bond strength of compomer restorations. One hundred and ten extracted human maxillary and mandibular molar teeth were collected. The teeth were removed soft tissue remnant and debris and stored in physiologic solution until they were used. Small flat area on dentin of the buccal surface were wet ground serially with 400, 800 and 1200 abrasive papers on automatic polishing machine. The teeth were randomly divided into 11 groups. Each group was conditioned as follows: Group 1: Dentin surface was not etched and not contaminated by hemostatic agents. Group 2: Dentin surface was not etched but was contaminated by Astringedent(R)(Ultradent product Inc., Utah, U.S.A.). Group 3: Dentin surface was not etched but was contaminated by Bosmin(R)(Jeil Pharm, Korea.). Group 4: Dentin surface was not etched but was contaminated by Epri-dent(R)(Epr Industries, NJ, U.S.A.). Group 5: Dentin surface was etched and not contaminated by hemostatic agents. Group 6: Dentin surface was etched and contaminated by Astringedent(R). Group 7: Dentin surface was etched and contaminated by Bosmin(R). Group 8: Dentin surface was etched and contaminated by Epri-dent(R). Group 9: Dentin surface was contaminated by Astringedent(R). The contaminated surface was rinsed by water and dried by compressed air. Group 10: Dentin surface was contaminated by Bosmin(R). The contaminated surface was rinsed by water and dried by compressed air. Group 11: Dentin surface was contaminated by Epri-dent(R). The contaminated surface was rinsed by water and dried by compressed air. After surface conditioning, F2000(R) was applicated on the conditoned dentin surface. The teeth were thermocycled in distilled water at 5degrees C and 55degrees C for 1,000 cycles. The samples were placed on the binder with the bonded compomer-dentin interface parallel to the knife-edge shearing rod of the Universal Testing Machine(Zwick Z020, Zwick Co., Germany) running at a cross head speed of 1.0 mm/min. Group 2 showed significant decrease in shear bond strength compared with group 1 and group 6 showed significant decrease in shear bond strength compared with group 5. There were no significant differences in shear bond strength between group 5 and group 9, 10 and 11.
Collodion ; Dental Enamel ; Dentin ; Dentists ; Head ; Humans ; Molar ; Running ; Saliva ; Tooth ; Utah ; Water

BACKGROUND: The Krukenberg tumor (KT) is a metastatic or primary ovarian tumor of the signet-ring cell type. The incidence of this tumor is higher in Korea than in Western countries due to the higher incidence of gastric cancer in Korea. This tumor arises more commonly in the relatively young age group, especially women in the prememopausal period. We tried to find the clinicopathological (CP) characteristics of this tumor and also tried to confirm the appropriateness of the classification by the Japanese Research Society for Gastric Cancer which classifies a KT as P2. METHODS: We observed 23 cases of KT which were diagnosed from July 1984 to December 1997 at the Department of General Surgery, Hanyang University Hospital and analyzed their CP factors. RESULT: The age distribution ranged from 30 to 67 years old, and the mean age was 43.3 years old. The most common symptom was lower abdominal pain. The tumor occurred at the bilateral ovaries in 17 cases (74%). Two patients who manifested a KT without other metastatic findings during gastric cancer surgery survived 20 months and 8 months (still alive), whereas 21 cases with peritoneal seeding (PS)(P2) and 6 cases which manifested a KT combined with PS had mean survival durations (MSD) of 7.4 months and 7.2 months, respectively. The MSDs for three patterns of recurrence were 21.4 months for KT cases (8 cases), 21.4 months for PS cases (47 cases), and 5.0 months for KT combined with PS cases (7 cases). In patients under the age of 50 years old who showed signet-ring cell type gastric cancer, the incidence of a KT as a coincidental finding or as a form of recurrence was 24.1% when the tumor showed serosal invasion. CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis for a patient with a KT was relatively better than that for patient with other forms of PS, which is due to the difference in the resectability of these two forms of P2 cancer.This indicates a need to reconsider the P2 classification. If the gastric cancer with a signet-ring cell type and more than T3 in women under the age of 50 years old, we have to consider the necessity for a preventive oophorectomy because of the high incidence of KTs under such conditions.
Abdominal Pain ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Classification ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Krukenberg Tumor* ; Middle Aged ; Ovariectomy ; Ovary ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Stomach*

PURPOSE: Diarsenic oxide, As2O3, has been reported to be effective in treating acute leukemia, and induce apoptosis in many tumor cells. In this study, the ability of a novel arsenical compound, As4O6 (tetraarsenic oxide), along with As2O3, for its ability to induce cell growth inhibition, as well as apoptosis, in human cervical cancer cells, SiHa cells, were evaluated in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To examine the levels of apoptosis, SiHa cells were given two sensitive doses, 0.5 and 1micrometer, of arsenical compounds, and a DNA fragmentation assay and FACS analysis were then conducted. In addition, a Western blotting assay was performed to identify target molecules for apoptosis. RESULTS: Both As2O3 and As4O6 induced dose-dependent inhibition of SiHa cell proliferation. In particular, As4O6 was more effective at suppressing SiHa cell growth than As2O3. In parallel with the inhibition of cell proliferation, As4O6 caused a significantly greater increase in the sub-G1 cell population than As2O3, as determined by propidium iodide DNA staining. This was confirmed by a DNA fragmentation assay and annexin V staining. The Western blotting analysis also showed that the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was suppressed to a significantly greater extent by As4O6 than As2O3 at a dose of 0.5micrometer. However, the apoptosis-related protein, Bax, was expressed to a significantly greater extent due to As4O6 than As2O3. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these findings suggest that a novel arsenic compound, As4O6, possesses more potent anti-proliferative effects on human cervical cancer cells, with the induction of apoptosis also, at least via the activation of Bax protein in vitro.
Annexin A5 ; Apoptosis* ; Arsenic ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Line* ; Cell Proliferation ; DNA ; DNA Fragmentation ; Humans ; Leukemia ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; Propidium ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

No abstract available.
Apoptosis* ; Cell Line* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*