Cytoarchitecture of the ventrolateral superficial area of the medulla was studied on normal rabbit Nissl sections.There was a superficial area of small and medium sized cells,mostly fusiform,lateral to the pyramid.In middle and upper parts of the medulla superficial cells were also found in less amount in more lateral regions. At the middle medullary level there was a band of cells about 300 ?m from the surface with medium sized ones as its most prominent elements. HRP or WGA-HRP was injected in 10 rabbits into the cervical,thoracic or lumbar spinal cord unilaterally and its connection with the ventrolateral superficial area of the medulla was traced.Labeled cells were found in all cases along the pyramid.The lateral part of the superficial area was less labeled.The medium sized cell band at the middle medulla was markedly labeled,especially in thoracic injec- tion cases.More labeled cells were found in cervical injection cases in an area ventromedial to the facial nucleus. Anterogradely labeled terminal arborizations were in general small in amount, somewhat more prominent in cervical cases. The relation between the ventrolateral superficial area and the chemosensitive area is disscussed.

Objective To investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics as well as the surgical treatment of perforated gastric carcinoma (PGC). Methods The clinical and pathological data, surgical treatment and survival time of 48 patients with PGC were retrospectively analyzed. Results The mean age was 58 years in the 48 patients with PGC. There were 3 tumors in stage I, 11 in stage II, 21 in stage III , and 13 in stage IV. Emergency gastrectomy was done in 29 patients, with the mortality was 6.9%. Six patients underwent local repair at first, gastrectomy was done 3 weeks later without postoperative death. Perforation repair with or without gastroenterostomy was performed in 13 patients, with the mortality was 23.1% .The median survival time in gastrectomy group was 28 months (ranged 13 to 72 months) and in repair group was 7 months (ranged 3 to 10 months). Conclusions Emergency gastrectomy is the choice of treatment for PGC. If the conditions is not suitable for emergent gastrectomy ,staging operation should be adoptted to reduce operative mortality.

Objective: To investigate the effects of chemotherapeutic drugs on CD44+CD24-/low cell subpopulation of triple-negative breast cancer. Methods: MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with paclitaxel, docetaxel, 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, vinorelbine or gemcitabine at 0.2-, 1- and 5-fold of the drug peak plasma concentration (PPC) for 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. The growth of MDA-MB-231 cells was detected by MTT assay. The percentage of CD44+CD24-/low cells was determined by flow cytometry (FCM) after treatment with different chemotherapeutic drugs at 1-fold of PPC for 48 h and after cell recovery. The change of percentage of CD44 +CD24-/low cell subpopulation in circulating blood from 10 patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer before and after chemotherapy was determined by FCM. Results: The proliferation ability of MDA-MB-231 cells was inhibited by the six chemotherapeutic drugs. The percentage of CD44+CD24-/low cells was not significantly increased especially in 5-fluorouracil-treated cell group(P<0.05) after treatment with different chemotherapeutic drugs at 1-fold of PPC. The percentage of CD44 +CD24-/low cells in circulating blood from 10 patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer was decreased after chemotherapy with 1-fold of PPC(P<0.05). Conclusion: The chemotherapeutic drugs of paclitaxel, docetaxel, 5-fluorouracil and epirubicin can reduce the percentage of CD44+CD24-/lowcell subpopulation, which in circulating blood can be decreased after chemotherapy in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. Copyright© 2011 by TUMOR.

Objective: To provide biotechnology reference for the utilization of Epimedium wushanense. Methods: Some subculture conditions were determined and the growth characteristics of suspension cells were observed every 3 d. Results: The cell showed S-shaped growth curve and the content of nitrate, ammonia salt, phosphate, and sucrose all showed sharply decreasing trend during the initial cell suspension culture of E. wushanense. Then the respective changes slowed down. The optimum illumination duration was 12 h. The highest output of flavonoids was 27.854 82 mg/L under 12 h illumination. Conclusion: The growth characteristics research lays the foundation of mass natural active ingredient in cell suspension culture production of E. wushanense.

No abstract available.
Global Warming

Due to an author error the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant Number was incorrectly listed in the original online publication of this article.

Fish protein powder and fresh fish meal had been successfuly applied to infant feeding as milk substitute for infants during 1962-1964 by Shanghai Children's Hospital.On this basis the authors conducted another experiment intending to testify the therapeutic effect of fish protein powder in 1980-1981. One hundred and fifty infantile diarrhea cases were studied, wherein, 121 children aged under 12 months. By administering fish protein powder to the patients with various dosages according to ages, generally 5 gms. per day in a certain period, it was found that of the total diarrhea patients under study, 53.3% completely recovered, 22.0% became better significantly, 17.3% took a favourable turn, and 7.3% failed to respond to the treatment.Intensive observation and statistical analysis revealed that fish protein powder is not only suitable for normal infants as their milk supplement but also effective as a pharmaceutical to cure infantile diarrhea, especially for those who suffer from malnutrition with complications. Its pharmacology, however, has yet to be disclosed.

Objective: To find out whether or not low dose radiation could induce resistance to challenge dose-induced depression of immune functions.Methods:The following techniques were employed in this experiment:flow cytometry with immunofluorescence for the expression of TCR/CD3 receptor,3H-TdR incorporation technique for the spontaneous proliferation of thymocytes and the mitogen-induced proliferation of splencoytes as well as a bioassay with CTLL cells for IL-2 production.Results:The following optimal conditions for the induction of immunological adaptive response were determined:0.025 to 0.1 Gy for the conditioning doses (D1),1.0 to 1.5 Gy for the challenge doses (D2),and 6 to 12 h for the intervals between D1 and D2.Conclusion:Immunological adaptive response could be induced by low dose radiation.

Recent studies have confirmed that both CD40 molecule and its ligand CD40L played important roles in various stages of atherosclerosis.The critical cell component of atherosclerosis- endothelial cells,macrophages,and smooth muscle cells on which there are expressions of CD40 and CD40L.The combination of both induces human vascular endothelial cells expressing various active media,participating in the formation of atherosclerosis.However,blocking the CD40-CD40L pathway can prevent atherosclerosis or prevent the plaques from progressing.CD40L may participate in thrombosis and activation of platelet.The soluble CD40L levels increase persistently in patients with acute cerebral infarction and acute coronary syndrome.Some drugs may down-regulate CD40L level.It has provided a new approach for preventing the occurrence of vascular events.