No abstract available.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Diagnosis*

This review aims to introduce the basic neurobiological aspects of dream. There have been long debates on whether the neurobiology of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is identical to that of dream. However, many theories on dream are based on the findings of REM sleep. Bizarre cognition and intense emotion in dream have been suggested to derive from physiological (e.g. desynchronized gamma oscillation and postsynaptic inhibition), chemical (e.g. decreased noradrenalin and serotonin, increased acetylcholine and modulation of dopamine), anatomical (e.g. deactivation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and activation of limbic and paralimbic areas) change in REM sleep. In addition, dream has been suggested to play its neurobiological roles. Processing of negative emotion may be one of the functions of dream. Dream is also supposed to consolidate memory, especially semantic memory. Despite a number of hypotheses and debates, the neurobiological mechanism of dream generation has not been concluded.
Acetylcholine ; Cognition ; Dreams ; Memory ; Neurobiology ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Semantics ; Serotonin ; Sleep, REM

The purpose of this study was to define health promoting behaviors of a family caregiver, to identify the factors affecting the performance in health-promoting behaviors, and to provide basis for nursing intervention strategies to promote health promoting behaviors. Study variables were induced from the Pender's Health Promotion Model and also from the literature that was related to the family caregiver's experiences. This study was conducted on the exploratory survey. Data were collected by self-reported questionnaires from 218 family caregivers in a university hospital in Tae-Gu, between March 13 and April 11, 1997. The subjects of this study were 218 adult caregivers. The samples data were collected by using a convenience sampling method. The following instruments were used in the study after some adaptation : Park Chai soon' Health Promoting Life-style Profile, Park Chai soon's Self-efficacy Instrument and Rogenberg's Self-esteem Scale. In addition, items measuring family caregiver-professional interaction were made by the present author based on related studies. The reliabilities of instruments were tested with Chronbach's alpha (.75-.89). Data were analyzed by using the SAS program, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's coefficients of correlation and stepwise multiple regression technique was applied to analyses data. The results of this study were as follows. First, the average score of the performance in the health-promoting behavior variable was 130.88 ; the range of the score was from 83 to 189. The variables with the highest degree of the performance were self-actualization and interpersonal relationship. Second, the relationships between the degree of the performance in health-promoting behaviors and its exploratory factors were as follows ; the performance in the health-promoting behaviors was significantly correlated with self-efficacy, self-esteem, perceived health status, caregiver-professional interaction, perceived severity of illness, caregiving stress and change of health-concern. The performance in the health-promoting behaviors was significantly different from such demographic variables such as age and sex. Third, stepwise multiple regression analyses showed that : 1. Self-efficacy was the main predictor and accounted for 36% of the total variance. 2. Self-efficacy, age, caregiver-professional interaction and self-esteem, altogether accounted for 47.5% of the total variance. In conclusion, self-efficacy, age caregiver-professional interaction and self-esteem were identified to be important variables that contributed to promote health-promoting behaviors.
Adult ; Caregivers* ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Serologic Tests*

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Serologic Tests*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Esophageal and Gastric Varices*

The Purpose of this study was to explore and describe the lived experience of the poor solitary elder by eliciting verbal descriptions of their experiences. The phenomenological approach in qualitative studies is used to serve this purpose. Colaizzi's method is used for phenomenological analysis of the data in this study. which were collected from 10 poor solitary elders. They were asked open ended and descriptive questions in order to get them to talk about their experiences in their own terms. Interviews were tape recorded and transcribed verbatim. From the protocols, 182 significant statements about lived experience were organized and then grouped into 4 theme clusters. The major themes that emerged from the analysis were 'Awareness of Power Declining'. 'Emotional Disturbances of The Self'. 'Love and Hatred to Family', 'Trying to Accept Life'. The result of this study showed that the poor solitary elder needed nursing care based on a deep understanding of their lived experiences in their everyday life. From this study of essential themes for understanding the poor solitary elder, Nurses and health workers must develop supportive programs for helping the poor solitary elder.
Nursing Care

The difference in DNA ploidy pattern between primary and metastatic tumor remains an interesting question. We examined whether the observed change of tumor ploidy is permanent or whether it is reversible after reinoculation of the metastatic foci to an orthotopic site of another mouse. We isolated 14 metastatic pulmonary nodules from 8 mice with MGH-OGS murine osteosarcoma of thigh, and inoculated these nodules into the thighs of twenty nine C3H/Sed mice. In addition, we performed the cytoflowmetric examination of the primary tumor, the inoculated metastatic pulmonary nodules, and the regrown tumor after orthotopic inoculation. In the primary thigh tumor of FS MGH-OGS mice, the ploidy pattern was primarily aneuploid(Average values were % Diploid Cells: 23% and the mean DNA Index: 1.39). Examination of the pulmonary nodule revealed a significant increase in the diploid cell population(Mean: 54%) in 79% of nodules and a significant decrease in the mean DNA Index(Mean: 1.24) in 50% of the nodules. The tumors regrown after orthotopic implantation of metastatic pulmonary nodules however showed the same ploidy pattern and regrown parameters as was seen in the primary tumor, regardless of the ploidy pattern of the implanted metastatic nodules. This data support the concept that the lesion that goes to the lung may have hyperpercentage of surviving diploid cells(rather than aneuploid), but once reimplanted into the "native" site became primarily aneuploid again.
Aneuploidy ; Animals ; Diploidy ; DNA ; Lung ; Mice ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Osteosarcoma ; Ploidies ; Thigh

Primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube are very rare and account for approximately 0.1-1.0% of all gynecologic malignancies. The risk of managing a fallofian tube carcinoma during laparoscopic surgery is an extremely rare situation, We have experienced a case of unsuspected primary tubal carcinoma during operative laparoscopy and so report with the brief review of the literature
Fallopian Tubes ; Female ; Laparoscopy*