No abstract available.
Cholesterol*

OBJECTIVE: To document the common medical problems and clinical outcomes of near-term infants who were delivered between 35(+0) and 36(+6) weeks of gestation, in order to promote optimal health outcomes for these infants. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of medical records of 113 near-term infants and 138 term infants as control, who were born at Chungbuk national university hospital in 2003~2004. RESULTS: When compared with term infants, near-term infants had a significantly lower Apgar scores (7.7 vs. 8.7 at 1 minute) and higher frequency of prolonged rupture of membrane (19.8% vs. 6.7%), preeclampsia (20.9% vs. 4.4%), jaundice (46.0% vs. 11.6%), respiratory distress (20.4% vs. 10.9%), feeding problems (19.5% vs. 5.8%), intravenous fluid infusion (63.7% vs. 24.6%), diagnostic work-up for possible sepsis (68.1% vs. 26.1%), and use of antibiotics (58.4% vs. 22.5%). There were no differences in frequency of cesarean section, hypoglycemia, hypothermia and clinical sepsis. More near-term infants were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (68% vs. 28%) and delayed in discharge home (60% vs. 27%) with longer hospital stay (7.77+/-5.63 days vs. 4.67+/-3.17 days). CONCLUSION: Near-term infants showed significantly more neonatal problems and longer and repeated hospital stays than full-term infants. Optimal care guidelines for near-term infants including scrupulous monitoring for the development of early complications and meticulous follow-up after discharge need to be developed.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cesarean Section ; Chungcheongbuk-do ; Female ; Humans ; Hypoglycemia ; Hypothermia ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Jaundice ; Length of Stay ; Medical Records ; Membranes ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture ; Sepsis

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify whether the maternal-fetal attachment is related to choose the rooming-in of postpartum women. METHOD: This is a retrospective descriptive study. The data was collected from April 1 to May 31, 2001. Subjects who had NSVD were 68 mothers who opted the rooming-in and 98 mothers who did not choose the rooming-in at one hospital in Seoul, Korea. The research questionnaire consisted of 14 items on general characteristics, and 24 items on maternal fetal attachment developed by Cranley(1981). RESULT: 1. There was significant statistical difference in general characteristics between rooming-in and non rooming-in groups in prenatal class attendance, and husband attendance during the delivery. 2. There was significantly higher level of maternal fetal attachment score in the rooming-in group. 3. There was higher level of maternal fetal attachment score in the group which had participated in childbirth education than the group which didn't had participated. CONCLUSION: It could be concluded that the maternal fetal attachment is identified as a significant factor choosing the rooming in for postpartum women. Therefore it is needed to increase maternal fetal attachment of pregnant women before making decision for whether they choose the rooming-in or non-rooming in after delivery.
Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Mothers ; Postpartum Period* ; Pregnant Women ; Prenatal Education ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Spouses

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore emotional labor experienced by nurses in ambulatory care setting. METHOD: The phenomenological method developed by Giorgi was used for this study. The participants were 9 nurses who had experienced emotional labor. Data were collected between May and August 2010 by face-to-face interviews. The interview was recorded and then transcribed. RESULTS: The constituents associated with the meaning of the nurses' experiences of emotional labor in ambulatory care setting were as followings: bearing down of suffering emotions coming up from the bottom, feeling loneliness when having to undertake care alone by oneself, having conflict between nursing professional and services, managing mind by means of both internal and external resources, getting ridding oneself of conflict with forced emotions over time. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study should contribute to a deeper understanding of the meaning of emotional labor experienced by nurses in ambulatory care. The results also highlight the need to develop programs for nurses in ambulatory care setting to help them express their real action.
Ambulatory Care ; Loneliness ; Stress, Psychological ; Ursidae

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the influencing factors on maternal role adjustment among the primiparous women in the first year after childbirth. METHODS: The study subjects were 210 healthy primiparous women who have delivered at one of four women's health hospitals and revisited the out-patient department for the routine check-up and baby's vaccination during the first year after childbirth. Data were collected by a self-report questionnaire which consisted of general characteristics, maternal role adjustment, spousal rearing support, childcare stress, and postpartum depression. Collected data were analyzed by using the SPSS Win 18.0 program with descriptive statistics, t-test, one way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression. RESULTS: The maternal role adjustment was significantly correlated with spousal rearing support (r=.649, p<.001), childcare stress (r=-.596, p<.001), postpartum depression (r=-.569, p<.001), and subjective health condition (r=.204, p=.003). The multiple regression analysis showed that the maternal role adjustment were significantly affected by spousal rearing support (t=6.542, p<.001). childcare stress (t=-3.268, p=.001), and postpartum depression (t=-2.238, p=.018). CONCLUSION: From these results, it is concluded that the nursing intervention for enhancing spousal support in childcare and decreasing the childcare stress and depression should be developed for improving maternal role adjustment in the first time mother, especially within one year after childbirth.
Depression ; Depression, Postpartum ; Diagnostic Self Evaluation ; Female ; Humans ; Maternal Behavior ; Mothers ; Nursing ; Outpatients ; Parity ; Parturition* ; Vaccination ; Women's Health

PURPOSE: It is known that single umbilical artery is frequently associated with gastrointestinal or urogenital anomaly, however, routine renal sonography has been debated in healthy neonate with isolated single umbilical artery. This study is designed to determine the usefulness of routine renal sonography in apparently healthy infants with an isolated single umbilical artery. METHODS: Thirty healthy neonates with a single umbilical artery without a major anomaly from January 1995 to July 2002 were enrolled. The authors investigated the clinical background of babies and their mothers after renal sonography after 72 hours of age. When the abnormalities were found at the first renal sonography, the severity of hydronephrosis and degree of obstruction and renal function were analyzed by follow up renal sonography, voiding cystourethrography(VCUG) and technetium-99m-dimercaptosuccinic acid(DMSA) scan or technetium-99m-mercaptoacetyl-triglycerine (MAG3) scan. RESULTS: Among the 30 healthy patients with isolated single umbilical artery, five patients(16.7%) showed abnormalities on first renal sonography with one major(3.3%) and four(13.4%) minor renal anomaly(minimal or mild hydroneohrosis). One major renal anomaly(severe hydronephrosis) showed severe decreased renal function on MAG3 scan without reflux, and the other four minor regressed spontaneously on follow up study. CONCLUSION: The value of routine early renal sonograpy for detecting renal anomaly in healthy infants with an isolated single umbilical artery remained unclear because most of the anomalies would regress spontaneously in the follow up study.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn ; Mass Screening* ; Mothers ; Single Umbilical Artery*

PURPOSE: This study is to define the structural patterns of pregnancy motivation of married women. METHOD: Q-methodology was used on 110 statements collected from interviews with women and a literature review. 38 Q-samples were selected. The Q-samples were administerd to 30 randomized P-sample. RESULT: Data analysis of Q-type obtained by QUANL program shows three types of subjectivity in the perception of pregnancy motivation. Type 1, "Family-connection strengthening", Pregnancy motivation is characterized by the tendency to make home, to tie family member, to connect couple firmly. Type 2,"Self-satisfaction", Women of this type take pleasure and happiness from child rearing in terms of being a mother and having maternal affection. Type 3, "Self-centered", This type of pregnancy motivation puts on high emphasis on self achievement and they make a family planning suitable for the maternal role. CONCLUSION: The stronger was women's pregnancy motivation, the more positive were women's pregnancy experience and maternal role attainment. Therefore, When nurses take care of pregnancy women, they should understand the women's psycho-social aspects and then apply a program of nursing intervention to the pregnant women, It is necessary to continue to study on social and psychological problems related to pregnancy.
Child ; Child Rearing ; Family Planning Services ; Female ; Happiness ; Humans ; Korea* ; Mothers ; Motivation* ; Nursing ; Pleasure ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnant Women ; Statistics as Topic

PURPOSE:The aim of this study was to compare the perinatal outcome of preterm infants born to severe pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) mothers according to the presence or absence of HELLP syndrome. METHODS:A retrospective analysis was done in 314 premature live infants born to 302 severe PIH mothers who admitted at Chonnam National University Hospital from January 2002 to May 2008. Maternal and neonatal characteristics and their outcome were compared between the groups. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS program using Student's t test, Chi-square analysis, Fisher's exact test, and logistic regression test. RESULTS:Among 302 severe PIH mothers (single pregnancy 270, twin pregnancy 32), 84 (27.8%) were associated with HELLP syndrome. Among their 334 fetuses (singleton 270, twins 64), total 20 (6.0%) resulted in fetal death and the rate of fetal death was higher in HELLP syndrome group compared to the control group (12.2% vs. 3.4%, P=0.006). Among the 314 live premature infants, 86 (27.4%) were born to severe PIH with HELLP syndrome (study group) and 228 (72.6%) were born to the control group. There were no differences in maternal and neonatal characteristics, maternal death, neonatal morbidity and neonatal death between the groups. However, the duration of mechanical ventilation (12.2+/-14.5 vs. 7.6+/-9.9 days, P=0.019) and hospitalization (25.6+/-12.3 vs. 13.0+/-10.5 days, P=0.013) were longer in the study group. CONCLUSION:Most of severe PIH mothers complicated by preterm birth, and especially combined with HELLP syndrome showed higher fetal and perinatal death than without HELLP syndrome. Moreover, their live-born premature infants needed longer duration of mechanical ventilation and hospitalization. These results indicate that careful fetal monitoring and delivery with the co-operations of obstetricians and neonatologists is essential to improve the perinatal outcome.
Female ; Fetal Death ; Fetal Monitoring ; Fetus ; HELLP Syndrome ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Logistic Models ; Maternal Death ; Mothers ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Twin ; Premature Birth ; Respiration, Artificial ; Retrospective Studies ; Twins

Intracranial lipoma is a rare tumor. It is considered as congenital malformation, caused by poor differentiation and abnormal persistence of the primitive meninges. More frequently intracranial lipomas are central and located in the midline especially in corpus callosum. We report the two cases of intracranial lipoma, one case was detected in cerebellum by antenatal sonography and the other one was detected in right temporal cistern by cranial sonography during the postnatal follow-up.
Cerebellum ; Corpus Callosum ; Follow-Up Studies ; Lipoma* ; Meninges

PURPOSE: Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that rhinitis and asthma commonly coexist in the same patients and that a temporary relationship exists between the onset of rhinitis and asthma, with rhinitis frequently preceeding the development of asthma. Despite the compelling evidence that rhinitis has a remarkable impact on asthma, it has been controversial how the presence of rhinitis causes asthma to be worsen. We studied to know the effect of coexistence of allergic rhinitis on lower airway eosinophilic inflammation in mild persistent bronchial asthma. METHODS: A total of 129 mild persistent asthmatics were enrolled and divided into three different groups as follows: 37 cases with asthma only; 40 cases with mild allergic rhinitis; and 52 cases with moderate to severe allergic rhinitis. Methacholine challage test and sputum induction were performed and sputum ECP, sputum eosinophils and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) were compared in each group. RESULTS: In mild asthmatics with moderate to severe allergic rhinitis, the BHR to methacholine increased compared to those with mild or no allergic rhinitis. Eosinophils and ECP in induced sputum were significantly higher in more severe allergic rhinitis groups. We also found a significant correlation between BR index and sputum eosinophils. (gamma=0.578, P< 0.05) CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated that the severity of allergic rhinitis was related to lower airway eosinophilic inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in mild persistent asthmatics with allergic rhinitis.
Asthma* ; Child ; Eosinophils* ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Humans ; Inflammation* ; Methacholine Chloride ; Respiratory System ; Rhinitis* ; Sputum