BACKGROUND: Despite the widespread use of liquid nitrogen cryoth.rapy on warts, little is known about its therapeutic effects. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to evaluate the therapeutic effect of liqiud nitrogen cryotherapy on warts. MEHTODS: One-hundred and fifteen patients with 142 cases of vira warts were studied. The cryosurgery set we used was CS-76 table-top liquid nitrogen spray unit and it was applied directly on the lesion, the freezing front extending 2 to 4mm onto the uninviblvid skin. RESULT: There was an overall cure rate of 69.7% and the averager umber of freezings required for a cure was 2.6 amongst all patients cured by 5 or less freezings at ntervals of 2 or 3 weeks. CONCLUSION: The liquid nitrogen cryotherapy on warts results in a relatively high cure rate with safety, simplicity, rapid healirig, continustion of normal function and a tivities, and restoration of normal appearance.
Cryosurgery ; Cryotherapy ; Freezing ; Humans ; Nitrogen* ; Skin ; Warts*

In the figure 3, designation of severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) was misprinted. Open bars (white) represent severe BPD, not mild BPD. Closed bars (Black) represent mild BPD, not severe BPD. Gray bars in the middle represent moderate BPD without change.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare anxiety, depression and quality of life according to the severity of urinary incontinence in married women. METHOD: The participants were 168 married women aged 30-65 years who experienced urinary incontinence. The data were collected from May to July, 2006 using a structured questionnaire. Frequencies, percent, means and standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, chi-square-test and Scheffe test with SPSS win 14.0 program were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The distribution of urinary incontinence severity was mild 87.5%, or moderate 12.5%. Significant differences in the severity of urinary incontinence were found for the general characteristics of age, education level, having a job and having a spouse and for the obstetric characteristics of type of delivery, and menopause. Differences in the score for anxiety (t=-2.41, p=0.001) and quality of life (t=5.50, p<0.001) according to the severity of urinary incontinence were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Women with moderate to severe urinary incontinence should be screened for psychosocial factors. Severity of urinary incontinence in married women negatively affects their quality of life. Further research is needed to determine factors predicting the quality of life for incontinent women.
Anxiety* ; Depression* ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Menopause ; Psychology ; Quality of Life* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Spouses ; Urinary Incontinence*

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to verify how a program for family caregivers can affect the negative effects of loss of sleep, depression, burden of caring and poor quality of life in people who care for a family member suffering from dementia. METHODS: This was a quasi-experimental study using a single-group pre-test-post-test design. This study was conducted between March 28, and May 30, 2013 in A city. The program was provided for 9 weeks. Eleven caregivers with a family member suffering from dementia participated in this study. RESULTS: The second hypothesis on lowering the depression index (Z=-2.93, p=.003) and fourth hypothesis on improving quality of life (Z=2.02, p=.044) were supported. CONCLUSION: The results of the study indicate that the program for family caregivers is effective in lowering the depression index and improving quality of life of people who care for a family member who is a patient with dementia. More programs for caregivers are needed and should be developed and provided for family caregivers in the near future.
Caregivers* ; Dementia ; Depression* ; Humans ; Quality of Life*

Eosinophilic panniculitis does not a specific disease entity but reptesents a unique reactive pattern that may be associated with inflarnmatory and immunoreactive dis.ases. Its clinical and laboratory data indicate that there is a group of psychiatric and immunoreactivc allergic patients who develop inflammation of the fat, principally eosinophils, and that this reaction is self-lirnited and nonspeeific in most cases, and probably steroid-responsive. We report a case of eosinophilic panniculitis in a 35-year-old man ieho had developed pruritic tender erythematous plaques on hi. legs and right arm with blood eosinooplilia. Microscopic examinat,ion revealed diffuse eosinophilic infiltration in the subcutaneous fat tissue.
Adult ; Arm ; Eosinophils* ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Leg ; Panniculitis* ; Subcutaneous Fat

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the preterm labor & preterm infants care in Kwangju and Chonam. METHODS: A study was conducted for 2,360 newborns who were born at four main hospitals in Kwangju and chonam from January 1, 1995 to December 31, 1997. Data were collected by review of hospital records. RESULTS: 1. The survival rate was 6.90% at 23~34 weeks, 38.60% at 27~28weeks and 90.67% after 31wks. 2. The survival rate divided according to birth weight were 8.89% below 1,000gm, 57.14% in 1,001~1,500gm, 86.75% in 1,501~2,000gm and 93.37% over 2,000gm respectively. 3. Clinical causes of neonatal death were RDS(48.84%) hyperbilirubinemia (20.74%), sepsis(11.95%) and pneumonia(9.67%). 4. Incidence of RDS was 23.22% and it's neonatal mortality was 36.28%. CONCLUSION: The survival rate of preterm birth in Kwang-Ju and Chon-nam was still lower than data from advancing countries, and main cause of neonatal death was respiratory distress syndrome.
Birth Weight ; Female ; Gwangju* ; Hospital Records ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant Mortality ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Obstetric Labor, Premature ; Pregnancy ; Premature Birth ; Survival Rate

We performed a retrospective analysis of the results of surgical treatment of sixteen patient with comminuted fracture of the distal femur from September 1993 to August 1995 and evaluated the efficacy of the angled blade plate as one of the fixation devices used. The fractures were limited to C2 and C3 fracture classifed according to the AO classification. After an average follow-up of 13 months (range, 9 to 24 months), all of the fractures had healed. Postoperatively, the arc of flexion was limited between 90degrees and 125degrees in eight, normal arc in five, and severely restricted arc of joint motion was present unexceptionally in three patients with deep infection. In angular deformity, average 5.8degrees of valgus and 2.4degrees posterior angulation were showed. The functional results by Sanders-Swiontkowski-Rosen-Helfet rating system were showed excellent in 3, good in 7, fair in 3, and poor in 3 cases. The overall results were seen to be excellent to good in ten cases (62.5%) but in twelve patients using the angled blade plate, excellent to good results were showed 10 patients (83.3%). We attribute the favorable results in our series to restoration of the articular surface through the modified extensile approach, sufficient stable fixation using the angled blade plate with conforming to the concept of bridge plate, routinely performing the bone graft for medial buttress and bone healing, and early mobilization of the extremity.
Classification ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Early Ambulation ; Extremities ; Femur* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fractures, Comminuted ; Humans ; Joints ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplants

STUDY DESIGN: A review of all presentations at the Korean Society of Spine Surgery(KSSS) congress from 2001 to 2005. OBJECTIVES: To determine the presentation to publication rate in peer-reviewed journals of abstracts presented at the KSSS congress and evaluate the consistency between the presented abstract and published full-text counterpart. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: The rate of publication for presentation at international meetings has been determined but there has been no study for the KSSS. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study reviewed all podium presentations of the past KSSS Spring and Fall meetings from 2001 to 2005. A computer search for each abstract was performed. The final published journal, time to publication and publication rate were evaluated according to subspecialty. The published full-text article was compared with the original abstract and evaluated for consistency with respect to the author, material and method, and result. RESULTS: A total of 288 free-papers were identified, of which 167 of them were published as full-text articles. The mean time to publication was 12.15 months. The publication rates according to the subspecialty were basic 67%, lumbar 68%, cervical 64%, deformity 50%, trauma 53%, minimal 14% and others 51%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The presentation to publication rate of the Korean society of spine surgery podium presentations was lower than other international meetings but the articles showed a high consistency rate.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Publications ; Spine

Hantaan (HTN) virus and Seoul (SEO) virus, two murid rodent-borne hantaviruses harbored by the striped-field mouse (Apodemus agrarius) and the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus), respectively, were known to cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). After inoculation of HTN and SEO viruses into suckling mice intracerebrally, mice became ill and were morbibund by 15 or 16 days postinfection. Viral antigens were present in brain, heart, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, pituitary gland, thymus, lymph nodes, adrenal, pancreas, salivary glands, trigeminal ganglia, adipose tissue, intestine and muscle. Moreover, the time period appearing illness and morbidity were gradually decreased from 15 or 16 days to 8 or 9 days postinfection increasing the passage number. Therefore to evaluate the relationship between these adaptation process and genomic change of HTN and SEO viruses, we sequenced corresponding regions of the 3' G1 and 5' G2 encoding M genomic segments of two HTN and six SEO virus strains, and compared the nucleotide changes between the original stocks and five to nine passed virus strains in suckling mice brains. There was no nucleotide changes in HTN virus strains and zero to four nucleotide changes in SEO virus strains. However, only one base change resulted in amino acid change at the position 1691 (Gln to Glu) of 5' G2 encoding M genomic segment. This amino acid change didn't effect any conformational change in the beta-sheet, hydrophilicity, antigenicity and surface probability of protein structure of G2 glycoprotein. Our present data suggested that the genomic changes in the 3' G1 and 5' G2 encoding M genomic segment was not related with adaptation process of HTN and SEO viruses passed in suckling mice brains.
Adipose Tissue ; Animals ; Antigens, Viral ; Base Sequence* ; Brain* ; Glycoproteins ; Hantavirus ; Heart ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Intestines ; Kidney ; Liver ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes ; Mice* ; Muridae ; Norway ; Pancreas ; Pituitary Gland ; Rats ; Salivary Glands ; Seoul virus* ; Seoul* ; Spleen ; Thymus Gland ; Trigeminal Ganglion

Hantaviruses, members of the family Bunyaviridae, are causative agents of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). Hantaan (HTN) virus, the etiologic agent of clinically severe HFRS in Far East Asia, Russia and the Balkans, was first isolated in 1976 from lung tissues of striped-field mice (Apodemus agrarius) captured in Songnae-ri, Kyungki-do, Korea. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in vertebrates evolve very rapidly, and hence it can provide a high resolution for distinguishing between closely related organism and species. To clarify the phylogenetic relationship of HTN viruses with their natural rodent host, a part of M segment of HTN virus and 424-nucleotide region of cytochrome b gene of mtDNA were amplified and sequenced from tissues of striped-field mice by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and PCR, respectively. A 324-nucleotide region of G2 glycoprotein-encoding M segment of HTN virus was amplified from lung tissues of A. agrarius mice, revealed 84-86% sequence similarity with Apodemus-borne HTN virus strains from China. The co-speciation of Apodemus-borne hantaviruses with its natural reservoir rodents, A. agrarius and A. flavicollis, be found. A. agrarius rodent population from South Korea had almost same genetic background irrespective of their geographic origin. HTN virus strains from South Korea shared a common ancestry and were evolutionarily distinct from HTN viruses kom China. We have found no evidence for the presence of phylogenetic relationship of A. agrarius-borne Korean HTN virus strains with the genetic diversity of their rodent host captured in Korea based on cytochrome b gene of mtDNA.
Animals ; Asia ; Balkan Peninsula ; Bunyaviridae ; China ; Cytochromes b ; DNA, Mitochondrial* ; Far East ; Genetic Variation ; Gyeonggi-do ; Hantaan virus* ; Hantavirus ; Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome ; Humans ; Korea ; Lung ; Mice* ; Murinae* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rodentia* ; Russia ; Vertebrates