No abstract available.
Animals ; Clone Cells* ; Cloning, Organism* ; DNA, Complementary* ; Leptin* ; Rats* ; Receptors, Leptin*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnant Women*

No abstract available.
Asthma* ; Child* ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Asthma* ; Child* ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Humans

PURPOSE: Although shockwave induced injury to the normal kidney is regarded as negligible, it may be more prominent, and harmful, in case of uncontrolled hypertension. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effects of a repetitive focused shockwave on the renal morphology and blood pressure of spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR), and to compare the results with normotensive controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: At 14 weeks of age, 10 SHRs received four separate shockwave treatments (1,000 shocks per treatment at 17.2kV) at one week intervals, with 10 normotensive controls receiving the same treatment. At 20 weeks of age, their subsequent changes in blood pressure and renal morphology were compared. RESULTS: In the SHR group, the renal shockwave treatment retarded their somatic growth, whereas in the control group, which received same treatment, there was no significant growth delay. Renal morphologic damages, such as interstitial hemorrhages, were more prominent in the hypertensive group than in the normotensive controls. CONCLUSIONS: Our results clearly showed that spontaneous hypertensive rats were more prone to shockwave induced renal injury. Careful noting of a family history of hypertension, and the proper antihypertensive treatment, are necessary steps to prevent or reduce possible complications.
Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Kidney ; Rats* ; Shock

An unusual case of glroependymal cyst involving the lateral ventricle, 3rd ventricle, cerebellopontine angle cistern and prepontine cistern, simultaneously, is reported. The glroependymal cyst is benign developmental cyst that mainly occurs in the cerebrospinal axis in relation to ventricle, but occasionally occurs in relation to extraventricular system, such as subarachnoid space, brain stem and cerebral parenchyme. The histological characteristics of ependymal cyst wall are ependyma-like epithelium and neuroglial tissue.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Brain Stem ; Cerebellopontine Angle ; Epithelium ; Lateral Ventricles ; Subarachnoid Space

The purposes of this study were to assess the child care centers' foodservice facility, and to develop the kitchen facility model based on the general sanitation standards and guidelines in order to provide basic information for a plan review to build or renovate child care centers' foodservice facility. The scopes of the study include : 1) field assessment of the foodservice management practices and facilities in 8 public child care centers, and 2 private child care centers which they are subsidized from the government as public child care centers, 2) development of child care centers' kitchen facility model based on the General Sanitation Standards and Guidelines. The results of this study can be summarized as follows : 1. Field Assessment of the Child Care Centers' Foodservice Facility Average number of children in child care centers was 78.0+/-24.20, the average space of kitchen was 15.13+/-4.25(m2). Especially, the average space of kitchen was 18.49+/-4.35(m2) with enrollment capacity of 90~120 children in child care centers. The inventory level of most foods was relatively low except rice and kimchi. Kitchen facilities and equipments were similar to those of home kitchen and did not meet the standards of institutional practice. Therefore, the director in child care centers should recognize the importance of the sanitation management and pay more attention to the renovation of foodservice facilities as well as sanitation management practices. 2. Development of the Kitchen Facility Model based on the General Sanitation Standards and Guidelines The kitchen facility plan model with enrollment capacity of 100 children was developed based on the results of field assessment and literature review. Suggested kitchen space was 34.16m2(6,100mmx5,600mm). This space was bigger than the results of field survey or precedent study, considered appropriate to implement the general sanitation standards. The main feature of the developed kitchen facility plan and model was product flow in one direction from the arrival of the raw material to the finished product in order to prevent cross contamination and to improve working efficiency.
Child ; Child Care* ; Child* ; Humans ; Institutional Practice ; Sanitation*

PURPOSE: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of transdermal 1% testosterone gel in Korean men with late-onset hypogonadism from Aug. 2004 to Dec. 2005 in a prospective, fixed-dose, placebo-uncontrolled, open label, multicenter study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From the 5 urological centers in Korea, a total of 87 male patients older than 40 years who were diagnosed with late-onset hypogonadism with serum testosterone lower than 350 ng/dl or serum free testosterone lower than 73.5 pg/ml were enrolled. Among the 87 enrolled 68 patients completed the daily application of 1% testosterone gel according to the standard consumer guidelines for the full 12-week period. We compared the data at baseline and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks follow-up using the Aging Males' Symptoms (AMS) scale, the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF)-15, the International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS), and the serum levels of total and free testosterone and prostate specific antigen (PSA). RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 56.5+/-12.7 years. The total scores for the AMS scores at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 weeks were 43.5+/-12.2, 36.6+/-12.3, 33.8+/-11.2, and 34.2+/-11.0, respectively (p<0.0001 vs. baseline). Total and free testosterone levels at baseline were 259.8+/-119.4 ng/dl and 50.5+/-24.7 pg/ml, and at 12 weeks were 594.5+/-376.6 ng/dl and 139.5+/-110.7 pg/ml, respectively (p<0.0001 vs. baseline). IIEF scores increased from 34.7+/-8.5 at baseline to 43.2+/-8.7 at 12 weeks (p<0.0001). There were no significant changes in serum PSA levels. The most commonly reported adverse events were acne and itching at the site of application. The majority of adverse events were mild, reversible, and short in duration. CONCLUSIONS: Testogel(R) showed highly effective clinical and biochemical recovery with good tolerance in Korean men with late-onset hypogonadism.
Acne Vulgaris ; Aging ; Andropause ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypogonadism* ; Korea ; Male ; Prospective Studies* ; Prostate ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Pruritus ; Testosterone*

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the health status of Republic of Korea Air Force (ROKAF) soldiers changed after one year of military service. METHODS: We selected 483 ROKAF soldiers from the 11 749 recruits who participated in the 2011 physical examination. The selected soldiers underwent another physical examination in 2012 for advancement to senior airman. Data from 2011 and 2012 were merged. To collect data on lifestyle, a questionnaire was sent to all included subjects via the military intranet e-mail service. RESULTS: The percentage of recruits with an abnormal alanine transaminase level (normal range <40 IU/L) decreased from recruitment (13.7%) to the following year (2.7%). Moreover, the percentage of obese soldiers (body mass index > or =25 kg/m2) decreased from recruitment (20.5%) to the following year (10.4%). There was a significant change in mean duration of exercise carried out each day before (0.8+/-1.3 hours) and after (1.0+/-0.7 hours) joining the ROKAF service. CONCLUSIONS: These ROKAF soldiers were generally in good health before and after joining the armed service. After one year of military service, the health status of most soldiers improved, especially with respect to body mass index and alanine transaminase level.
Alanine Transaminase/blood ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Body Mass Index ; Exercise ; *Health Status ; Humans ; Internet ; Life Style ; Military Personnel/*statistics & numerical data ; Questionnaires ; Republic of Korea

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) secondary to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is incurable and it has an unpredictable survival rate. Two men who suffered from COPD presented with progressive dyspnea and edema, respectively. PAH, as estimated by the peak velocity of tricuspidal regurgitation, and the depressed myocardial performance index (MPI) of the right ventricle (RV) were noted on echocardiography. In addition to the baseline therapy for their depressed ventilatory function, we prescribed tadalafil 10 mg orally every other day for 2 weeks and then we doubled the dosage. They well tolerated the medication without any notable side effects. After 4 weeks of tadalafil treatment, the patients' pulmonary arterial pressure was decreased and the MPI of the RV was improved in both. The exercise capacity, as measured by the respiratory oxygen uptake, also improved from 10.9 mL/kg/min to 13.8 mL/kg/min in one patient. We report here on 2 patients with PAH secondary to COPD, and they showed notable improvement of their pulmonary hemodynamics and exercise capacity with the administration of tadalafil.
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/*complications ; Pulmonary Artery/drug effects/*pathology ; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/*therapeutic use ; Oxygen Consumption/drug effects ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Hypertension, Pulmonary/*drug therapy/etiology ; Humans ; Exercise Tolerance/drug effects ; Carbolines/*therapeutic use