No abstract available.

There are significant gender differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of psychotropic medications. Gender differences in pharmacokinetics such as drug absorption, bioavailability, drug distribution, drug metabolism, and elimination have clinical implications in terms of plasma levels, drug half-lives, side effects and toxicity. Women and men also show different pharmacodynamic response to a variety of drugs. Additionally female-specific issues such as pregnancy, menopause, oral contraceptive use and menstruation may also have profound effects on drug metabolism. These and other gender-related issues are considered in this article. Gender differences in drug metabolism have the potential to affect appropriate dosing, effectiveness and toxicity. Further research is needed to determine the scope and significance of these sex differences.
Absorption ; Biological Availability ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Menopause ; Menstruation ; Metabolism* ; Pharmacokinetics ; Plasma ; Pregnancy ; Sex Characteristics

This article reviews clinical characteristics, neurobiological aspects and treatment strategies in female patient with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) compared to male. Female with OCD had a later age of onset and different patterns of OCD symptomatology and comorbidity. Female with OCD showed more favorable course and also reported more frequently stressful event in preceding OCD onset. The onset or worsening of OCD was related to female reproductive cycle events, especially at menarche and postpartum. There is a paucity of investigation regarding gender difference in treatment response in OCD. It has been suggested that gender may contribute to the clinical and biological heterogeneity of OCD and also sexually dimorphic pattern of genetic susceptibility to OCD may be present.
Age of Onset ; Comorbidity ; Female* ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Life Change Events ; Male ; Menarche ; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder* ; Population Characteristics ; Postpartum Period

Typical transcranial approaches are insufficient for adequate visualization and resection of skull base tumors. Different approaches with multiple modifications have been attempted. Here, we describe a new approach for a lesion that is central and hard to treat by conventional craniotomy and successful reconstruction with calvarial bone graft and titanium mesh plate. A 69-year-old female patient presented with recurrent meningioma. The tumor had invaded the frontal lobe, right supraorbital rim, and ethmoidal bone. We performed a modified anterior craniofacial approach that fully exposed the tumor and invaded bone. In consideration of the patient's age and cosmetic result, the tumor and invaded bone was resected and the defect area was reconstructed with titanium mesh and calvarial bone graft. At 6 months postoperative the patient had no complications and was satisfied with the esthetic result. We report this case to demonstrate the successful approach and reconstruction using this technique.
Aged ; Autografts ; Craniotomy ; Female ; Frontal Lobe ; Humans ; Meningioma* ; Nasal Bone* ; Osteotomy* ; Skull Base ; Titanium ; Transplants

Typical transcranial approaches are insufficient for adequate visualization and resection of skull base tumors. Different approaches with multiple modifications have been attempted. Here, we describe a new approach for a lesion that is central and hard to treat by conventional craniotomy and successful reconstruction with calvarial bone graft and titanium mesh plate. A 69-year-old female patient presented with recurrent meningioma. The tumor had invaded the frontal lobe, right supraorbital rim, and ethmoidal bone. We performed a modified anterior craniofacial approach that fully exposed the tumor and invaded bone. In consideration of the patient's age and cosmetic result, the tumor and invaded bone was resected and the defect area was reconstructed with titanium mesh and calvarial bone graft. At 6 months postoperative the patient had no complications and was satisfied with the esthetic result. We report this case to demonstrate the successful approach and reconstruction using this technique.
Aged ; Autografts ; Craniotomy ; Female ; Frontal Lobe ; Humans ; Meningioma* ; Nasal Bone* ; Osteotomy* ; Skull Base ; Titanium ; Transplants

A clinical observation was made on 23 patients with tuberculous non-functioning kidneys who underwent nephrectomy during the period from February 1986 to June 1992. We reviewed these cases according to primary nephrectomy on tuberculous non-functioning kidneys. The following results were obtained. In pathologic findings of the 27 cases in which tuberculous non-functioning kidneys were suspected, 4 cases were no evidence of tuberculosis. Those were xanthoeranulomatous pyelonephritis (2 cases) and chronic pyelonephritis with hydronephrosis (2 cases). Coexisting renal cell carcinoma was found in 1 case. 4 cases (17.1%) were hypertensive at the time of presentation and 3 cases or them had a decrease in blood pressure after nephrectomy. No perioperative mortality occurred and perioperative complications (sinus arrhydrmia, wound infection, wound dehisdence, ileus) were in 4 cases (17.4 %). There was no evidence of recurrence during follow-u periods. (Follow-up mean periods: 18.5 months) Thus, it is concluded that primary nephrectomy is an important adjunct in the comprehensive management of the unilateral, tuberculous non-functioning kidneys, for accurate diagnosis, removal of infection source, early control and prevention of presenting symptoms.
Blood Pressure ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Kidney* ; Mortality ; Nephrectomy* ; Pyelonephritis ; Recurrence ; Tuberculosis ; Wound Infection ; Wounds and Injuries

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Infant, Newborn* ; Lactoglobulins ; Milk Proteins* ; Milk* ; Mothers* ; Postpartum Period*

BACKGROUND & SIGNIFICANCE: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy(PML), a rare neurologic disease caused by papovavirus, has been sporadically reported with defective cell-mediated immunity. We report one case of pathologically proven PML complicating chronic myelocytic leukemia(CML). CASE: The patient was a 42-year-old women, who had been diagnosed as CML at age 32 and received autologous bone marrow transplantation 16 months before. She admitted because of progressive memory disturbance and anomic aphasia over several months. Neuropsychological test suggested a left temporal lobe lesion. On T2-weighted brain MR image, there was a diffuse high signal intensity lesion in the left temporal lobe with some mottled enhancement and also in the left corona radiata and deep frontal area. Brain biopsy was done and the JC strain of papovairus was detected by in-situ hybridization technique. Cytarabine, alphainterferon, and acyclovir were tried. About 2 weeks after the medications, significant clinical improvement was noticed. A follow-up MRI 2 month and 6 months later revealed a significant reduction in the extent of the lesion. CONCLUSION: This is the firsts reported case of pathologically-proven PML in Korea. Unlike the usual PML described in the literature, our patient have showed clinical and radiological improvement in the course of illness.
Acyclovir ; Adult ; Anomia ; Biopsy ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Brain ; Cytarabine ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Korea ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive* ; Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Memory ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Temporal Lobe

The differential diagnosis of benign tumors from other intra-ureteric lesions was difficult. But. recently. it is easy due to developed diagnostic procedures. such as ureteroscopy. We herein report a case of fibroepithelial polyp of the left ureteropelvic junction which was diagnosed with ureteroscopic finding and biopsy with brief review or literatures.
Biopsy* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Polyps* ; Ureter* ; Ureteroscopy

No abstract available.
Dilatation* ; Urethra*