1.Novel functional roles of caspase-related genes in the regulation of apoptosis and autophagy.
The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 2016;20(6):573-580
Caspases, a family of cysteine proteases, cleave substrates and play significant roles in apoptosis, autophagy, and development. Recently, our group identified 72 genes that interact with Death Caspase-1 (DCP-1) proteins in Drosophila by genetic screening of 15,000 EP lines. However, the cellular functions and molecular mechanisms of the screened genes, such as their involvement in apoptosis and autophagy, are poorly understood in mammalian cells. In order to study the functional characterizations of the genes in human cells, we investigated 16 full-length human genes in mammalian expression vectors and tested their effects on apoptosis and autophagy in human cell lines. Our studies revealed that ALFY, BIRC4, and TAK1 induced autophagy, while SEC61A2, N-PAC, BIRC4, WIPI1, and FALZ increased apoptotic cell death. BIRC4 was involved in both autophagy and apoptosis. Western blot analysis and luciferase reporter activity indicated that ALFY, BIRC4, PDGFA, and TAK1 act in a p53-dependent manner, whereas CPSF1, SEC61A2, N-PAC, and WIPI1 appear to be p53-independent. Overexpression of BIRC4 and TAK1 caused upregulation of p53 and accumulation of its target proteins as well as an increase in p53 mRNA levels, suggesting that these genes are involved in p53 transcription and expression of its target genes followed by p53 protein accumulation. In conclusion, apoptosis and/or autophagy mediated by BIRC4 and TAK1 may be regulated by p53 and caspase activity. These novel findings may provide valuable information that will aid in a better understanding of the roles of caspase-related genes in human cell lines and be useful for the process of drug discovery.
Apoptosis*
;
Autophagy*
;
Blotting, Western
;
Caspases
;
Cell Death
;
Cell Line
;
Cysteine Proteases
;
Drosophila
;
Drug Discovery
;
Genetic Testing
;
Humans
;
Luciferases
;
RNA, Messenger
;
Up-Regulation
2.A Case of Osteogenesis Imperfecta: Diagnosis in Uterus by Ultrasonogram.
Hyun Ju SEOL ; Moon Jung KIM ; Mi Kyung KIM ; Hyun Ju PARK ; Ji Hye SHIN ; Hyun Suk AN ; Won Young CHOI
Korean Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2003;46(6):1246-1249
Osteogenesis imperfecta is a heterogeneous group of disorders that are characterized by connective tissue defects resulting in bone fragility, blue sclera, impaired hearing, defective dentition, and hyperlaxibility of the joints. The overall incidence of osteogenesis imperfecta is estimated at 1/25,000. We recently experienced a case of osteogenesis imperfecta type II diagnosed in uterus by ultrasonogram and confirmed after termination of pregnancy and autopsy. We report a case here with a brief review of the literature.
Autopsy
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Connective Tissue
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Dentition
;
Diagnosis*
;
Hearing
;
Incidence
;
Joints
;
Osteogenesis Imperfecta*
;
Osteogenesis*
;
Pregnancy
;
Sclera
;
Ultrasonography*
;
Uterus*
3.Three Cases of Spina Bifida by Antenatal Ultrasonogram.
Moon Jung KIM ; Mi Kyung KIM ; Hyun Ju PARK ; Hyun Ju SEOL ; Ji Hye SHIN ; Moon Jung KANG ; Hyun Suk AN
Korean Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2003;46(7):1445-1452
The prenatal diagnosis of spina bifida includes the combined use of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) screening and fetal sonography. On ultrasonogram, spina bifida is characterizd by visualization of the spinal defect and associated cranial abnomalities: the Lemon sign, the Banana sign, ventriculomegaly, small biparietal diameter, and obliteration of the cisterna magna. We should now be able to rely on ultrasound as the main technique for diagnosis of spina bifida when MSAFP is elevated. Recently, we have experienced three cases of spina bifida diagnosed with meningomyelocele, lemon sign, banana sign and ventriculomegaly on ultrasonogram at respectively 18+3, 18, and 18+6 weeks of gestation. We present these cases with a brief review of literatures.
alpha-Fetoproteins
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Cisterna Magna
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Diagnosis
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Mass Screening
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Meningomyelocele
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Musa
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Pregnancy
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Prenatal Diagnosis
;
Spinal Dysraphism*
;
Ultrasonography*
4.Socioeconomic disparities in Korea by health insurance type during the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationwide study
Han Eol JEONG ; Jongseong LEE ; Hyun Joon SHIN ; Ju-Young SHIN
Epidemiology and Health 2021;43(1):e2021007-
OBJECTIVES:
This study explored socioeconomic disparities in Korea using health insurance type as a proxy during the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using Korea’s nationwide healthcare database, which contained all individuals who received a diagnostic test for COVID-19 (n=232,390) as of May 15, 2020. We classified our cohort by health insurance type into beneficiaries of the National Health Insurance (NHI) or Medicaid programs. Our study outcomes were infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and COVID-19-related outcomes, a composite of all-cause death, intensive care unit admission, and mechanical ventilation use. We estimated age-, sex-, and Charlson comorbidity index score–adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a multivariable logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS:
Of the 218,070 NHI and 14,320 Medicaid beneficiaries who received COVID-19 tests, 7,777 and 738 tested positive, respectively. The Medicaid beneficiaries were older (mean age, 57.5 vs. 47.8 years), more likely to be males (47.2 vs. 40.2%), and had a higher comorbidity burden (mean CCI, 2.0 vs. 1.7) than NHI beneficiaries. Compared to NHI beneficiaries, Medicaid beneficiaries had a 22% increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection (aOR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.38), but had no significantly elevated risk of COVID-19-related outcomes (aOR 1.10, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.57); the individual events of the composite outcome yielded similar findings.
CONCLUSIONS
As socioeconomic factors, with health insurance as a proxy, could serve as determinants during the current pandemic, pre-emptive support is needed for high-risk groups to slow its spread.
5.Socioeconomic disparities in Korea by health insurance type during the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationwide study
Han Eol JEONG ; Jongseong LEE ; Hyun Joon SHIN ; Ju-Young SHIN
Epidemiology and Health 2021;43(1):e2021007-
OBJECTIVES:
This study explored socioeconomic disparities in Korea using health insurance type as a proxy during the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using Korea’s nationwide healthcare database, which contained all individuals who received a diagnostic test for COVID-19 (n=232,390) as of May 15, 2020. We classified our cohort by health insurance type into beneficiaries of the National Health Insurance (NHI) or Medicaid programs. Our study outcomes were infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and COVID-19-related outcomes, a composite of all-cause death, intensive care unit admission, and mechanical ventilation use. We estimated age-, sex-, and Charlson comorbidity index score–adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a multivariable logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS:
Of the 218,070 NHI and 14,320 Medicaid beneficiaries who received COVID-19 tests, 7,777 and 738 tested positive, respectively. The Medicaid beneficiaries were older (mean age, 57.5 vs. 47.8 years), more likely to be males (47.2 vs. 40.2%), and had a higher comorbidity burden (mean CCI, 2.0 vs. 1.7) than NHI beneficiaries. Compared to NHI beneficiaries, Medicaid beneficiaries had a 22% increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection (aOR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.38), but had no significantly elevated risk of COVID-19-related outcomes (aOR 1.10, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.57); the individual events of the composite outcome yielded similar findings.
CONCLUSIONS
As socioeconomic factors, with health insurance as a proxy, could serve as determinants during the current pandemic, pre-emptive support is needed for high-risk groups to slow its spread.
6.Expression of Immunosuppression-Related Genes in Fetal Chorionic Villi Derived from Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion Patients.
Ju Mi SHIN ; Jeong Wook KIM ; Bumchae CHOI ; Sook Hwan LEE ; Kwang Hyun BAEK
Korean Journal of Fertility and Sterility 2003;30(3):233-240
No abstract available.
Abortion, Spontaneous*
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Chorion*
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Chorionic Villi*
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Female
;
Humans
;
In Situ Hybridization
;
Pregnancy
7.A Case of Edward Syndrom.
Youn Hong CHOI ; Hyun Joo CHOI ; Eun Hwa SHIN ; Ju Hong CHA ; Kwang Jeon KIM
Journal of the Korean Pediatric Society 1989;32(3):396-401
No abstract available.
8.Identification and cDNA Cloning of the Leptin Receptor Long from ( OB-Rb ) from Rat Splenocytes.
Jung Hyun PARK ; Sung Kyu JU ; Shin Young NA ; Kwan Hee YOU ; Kil Lyong KIM
Korean Journal of Immunology 2000;22(1):31-38
No abstract available.
Animals
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Clone Cells*
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Cloning, Organism*
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DNA, Complementary*
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Leptin*
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Rats*
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Receptors, Leptin*
9.Characterization of a Replication Element in the Coat Protein ORF of Turnip Yellow Mosaic Virus.
Journal of Bacteriology and Virology 2012;42(1):49-55
Turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) is a non-enveloped icosahedral virus that has a single 6.3 kb positive-strand RNA as a genome. Previously, it was observed that the recombinant construct TY-eGFP2, where an eGFP gene was inserted at the position downstream of the coat protein (CP) ORF of TYMV genome, barely replicated. The inhibition of replication was relieved by insertion of an additional copy of the 3' quarter of the CP ORF after the foreign sequence. In this study, we have examined if the 3' quarter of the CP ORF contains any replication elements. M-fold analysis predicted three stem-loop structures in this region. Analysis of the TY-eGFP2 constructs containing one or two of these stem-loop structures indicates that the secondary structure predicted in the region between nt-6139 and nt-6181, termed SL2, is essential for TYMV replication. The critical role of SL2 was confirmed by the observation that deletion of the 3' quarter of the CP ORF from the wild-type TYMV genome nearly abolished replication and that insertion of SL2 into the deletion mutant restored the replication. Mutations disrupting the stem of SL2 greatly reduced viral RNA replication, indicating that the secondary structure is essential for the enhancing activity.
Animals
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Brassica napus
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Coat Protein Complex I
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Ecthyma, Contagious
;
Genome
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RNA
;
RNA, Viral
;
Tymovirus
;
Viruses
10.A Sequence in Coat Protein Open Reading Frame Is Required for Turnip Yellow Mosaic Virus Replication.
Journal of Bacteriology and Virology 2011;41(2):109-116
Turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) is a spherical plant virus that has a single 6.3 kb positive strand RNA genome. Information for TYMV replication is limited, except that the 3'-terminal sequence and 5'-untranslated region are required for genome replication. When a foreign sequence was inserted at the position upstream of the coat protein (CP) open reading frame (ORF), replication of the recombinant TYMV was comparable to wild type, as long as an RNAi suppressor was provided. In contrast, when the foreign sequence was inserted between the CP ORF and the 3'-terminal tRNA-like structure, replication of the recombinant virus was not detected. This result suggests that the CP ORF contains an essential replication element which should be appropriately spaced with respect to the 3'-end. Analysis of TYMV constructs containing a part or a full additional CP ORF indicates that the 3' quarter of the CP ORF is required for TYMV replication.
Animals
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Brassica napus
;
Ecthyma, Contagious
;
Genome
;
Open Reading Frames
;
Plant Viruses
;
RNA
;
Tymovirus
;
Viruses