PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection for chalazia in pediatric patients. METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of 58 patients (70 lesions) under fifteen years of age and 40 patients (50 lesions) aged fifteen and over, who underwent intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injections and performed follow-ups for at least three months between January 2007 and October 2008. Data regarding age, sex, lesion size, location, number of injections, treatment success, surgery, and complications were evaluated. RESULTS: Cumulative treatment success of TA was 64.3% with the first injection, 82.9% with a second injection, and 88.6% with a third injection in patients under fifteen years of age. The average number of TA injections was 1.67+/-1.03 in primary chalazia and 1.48+/-0.87 in recurrent chalazia, while the cumulative treatment success until third TA injection was 89.8% in primary chalazia and 85.7% in recurrent chalazia inpatients under fifteen years old. The average number of TA injections was 1.95+/-1.18 in primary chalazia and 1.80+/-1.14 in recurrent chalazia, while the cumulative treatment success until the third TA injection was 82.5% in primary chalazia and 70.0% in recurrent chalazia in patients aged fifteen and over. No complications were noted with TA injections. CONCLUSIONS: Intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection in chalazia is an effective and safe treatment in pediatric patients.
Aged ; Chalazion ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Injections, Intralesional ; Inpatients ; Retrospective Studies ; Triamcinolone Acetonide

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of US-guided percutaneous gun biopsy through the left lobe of the liverwith compression for the diagnosis of diffuse hepatic diseases and prevention of post-biopsy complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 35 patients with diffuse hepatic diseases, we performed US-guided percutaneous biopsy via the left lobe of the liver. After biopsy, we immediately applied an extrinsic hands-on compression maneuver at the biopsy site. The integrity of tissue architecture and numbers of portal triad visible in each specimen were histologically examined and post-biopsy complications were documented. RESULTS: A histopathologic diagnosis could be made in all patients except one(97.1%). Microscopically, no significant crush artifact or fragmentation was demonstrated in these 34 patients. The average number of portal triad per specimen was about 4.1. Although two patients complained of severe pain at the biopsy site, no serious post-biopsy complication was noted. CONCLUSION: US-guided percutaneous gun biopsy through the left lobe of the liver with compression appears to be an effective and safe procedure for the evaluation of diffuse hepatic diseases.
Artifacts ; Biopsy* ; Diagnosis ; Hemostasis* ; Humans ; Liver*

PURPOSE: To determine the morphology and location of normal pancreatic tail, as seen on abdominal CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A hundred and one patients without pancreatic disease underwent CT scanning. We thendetermined how to relate the location of the pancreatic tail with the splenic hilum, left kidney, and pancreaticbody. We compared the thickness of the tail with that of the body and analysed of the morphology of the tail. RESULTS: Seventy-seven percent of all pancreatic tails were located below the splenic hilum, with 59% of thisproportion located located 1 to 2 cm below. Fifty percent of tails were located at the level of the uppermostquarter of the left kidney, and a further 27% at the level of the second quarter ; 75% were located in theventrolateral portion of this kidney and 23% in the ventral portion. In 48% of patients, the pancreatic tail andbody were the same thickness, and in a further 48%, the tail was thicker than the body. In 34% of patients, thetail showed focal bulging, and in another 32%, it tapered smoothly. Forty seven percent of tails were locatedbelow the pancreatic body and a further 37% were found at the same level as the body. CONCLUSION: Abdominal CTscans showed differing morphology and location of the pancreatic tail. The recognition of these variations willdiminish speculation as to their true nature.
Humans ; Kidney ; Pancreatic Diseases ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Double atrial septum is very rare atrial septal malformation which has double layered atrial septum with persistent interatrial space between the two atria. Clinically, most cases of this anomaly are asymptomatic unless manifest as thromboembolic complications, such as stroke, or transient ischemic attack, that thrombus may be originated from this interatrial space. We report a case of a 69-year-old man who was diagnosed with isolated double atrial septum by transthoracic echocardiography.
Aged ; Atrial Septum* ; Echocardiography ; Humans ; Ischemic Attack, Transient ; Stroke ; Thrombosis

No abstract available.
Eosinophilia* ; Fever* ; Glomerulonephritis*

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence of lymph node metastasis in early endometrial cancer patients and to evaluate preoperative clinicopathological factors predicting lymph node metastasis. METHODS: We identified 142 patients with endometrial cancer between January 2000 and February 2013. All patients demonstrated endometrioid adenocarcinoma with grade 1 or 2 on preoperative endometrial biopsy. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging showed that tumors were confined to the uterine corpus with superficial myometrial invasion (less than 50%), and there were no lymph nodes enlargements. All patients had complete staging procedures and were surgically staged according to the 2009 FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) staging system. Clinical and pathological data were obtained from medical records and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 142 patients, 127 patients (89.4%) presented with stage 1A, 8 (5.6%) with stage IB, 3 (2.1%) with stage II, and 4 (2.8%) with stage III disease. Three patients (2.1%) had lymph node metastasis-2 IIIC1 and 1 IIIC2 disease. Age, preoperative tumor grade, and myometrial invasion less than 50% on preoperative MRI were not associated with lymph node metastasis. A high preoperative serum CA-125 level (>35 IU/mL) was a statistically significant factor for predicting lymph node metastasis on univariate and multivariate analyses. Lymph node metastasis was only found in patients with preoperative grade 2 tumors or a high serum CA-125 level. CONCLUSION: Preoperative tumor grade and serum CA-125 level can predict lymph node metastasis in apparent early endometrial cancer patients.
Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Endometrioid ; Endometrial Neoplasms* ; Female ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lymph Nodes* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Medical Records ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

PURPOSE: Because no effective methods for performance of anastomosis have been established, use of laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG) has not been widely accepted. We aimed to establish the feasibility of using a newly developed purse-string suture instrument ("Lap-Jack"), which can be used in performance of intracorporeal anastomosis. METHODS: From April, 2010 to February, 2011, 50 patients with upper gastric cancer underwent LTG with intracorporeal Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy using the Lap-Jack. Retrospective data for gender, age at the time of surgery, past medical history, operative time, estimated blood loss, TNM staging, and postoperative complications were reviewed. RESULTS: Among the 50 patients, 33 were male and 17 were female. Median age was 59.9 years. The average operative time was 217.4+/-41.7 minutes. Based on the AJCC 7th edition of Gastric Cancer Staging, 19 patients were stage IA, three patients were IB, 12 patients were II, one patient was IIIA, three patients were IIIB, eight patients were IIIC, and two patients were IV. The overall morbidity rate was 18.0% without any mortality. Complications included wound problems (2.0%, n=1), pleural effusion (2.0%, n=1), urinary retention (4.0%, n=2), efferent loop obstruction due to adhesion (4.0%, n=2), postoperative ileus (2.0%, n=1), postoperative bleeding (2.0%, n=1), and intra-abdominal abscess (2.0%, n=1). No leakage or stenosis of esophagojejunostomy was reported. CONCLUSION: The Lap-Jack is feasible and suitable for use in performance of esophagojejunostomy during LTG.
Abdominal Abscess ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Female ; Gastrectomy ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Ileus ; Male ; Neoplasm Staging ; Operative Time ; Pleural Effusion ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Sutures ; Urinary Retention

PURPOSE: To evaluate the actual state of quality control in Korea through an analysis of mammographic phantom images obtained from a multicenter, and to determine the proper exposure conditions required in order to obtain satisfactory phantom images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between April and June, 2002, 193 phantom images were referred to the Korea Food and Drug Administration for evaluation. Two radiologists recorded the number of fibers, specks and masses they contained, and the "pass" criteria were as follows: checked number of fibers: four or more; specks, three or more; masses, three or more (a total of ten or more features). Images in which optical density was over 1.2 were classified as satisfactory. In addition, changes in the success ratio, and difference between the two groups (i.e. "pass" and "fail", with regard to exposure conditions and optical density) were evaluated. RESULTS: Among the 193 images, 116 (60.1%) passed and 77 (39.9%) failed. Among those which passed, 73 /100 (73%) involved the use of a grid, 80/117 (68.3%) were obtained within the optimal kVp range, 50/111 (45.0%) involved the use of optimal mAs, and 79/112 (70.5%) were obtained within the optimal range of optical density. Among those which failed, the corresponding figures were 17/52 (32.6%), 33/66 (50.0%), 31/69 (44.9%), and 35/65 (53.8%). There were statistically significant differences between the pass and fail rates, and with regard to kVp, optical density, and the use of a grid, but with regard to mAs, statistical differences were not significant. If only phantom images with an optical density of over 1.2 [as per the rule of the Mammographic Quality Standard Act (MQSA)] was included, the success rate would fall from 60.1% to 43.0%. CONCLUSION: The pass rate for mammographic phantom images was 60.1%. If such images are to be satisfactory, they should be obtained within the optimal range of optical density, using optimal kVp and a grid.
Korea ; Quality Control ; United States Food and Drug Administration

Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignancy diagnosed during pregnancy. The experience of the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) with paclitaxel plus cisplatin during pregnancy is limited. Three pregnant women with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IB cervical cancer received NACT with paclitaxel plus cisplatin until fetal lung maturity, and then underwent cesarean delivery and radical hysterectomy. Two of our patients had intermediate pathologic risk factors, and received adjuvant chemotherapy with the same regimen used in NACT. All patients did not have any evidence of disease recurrence for follow-up of 3, 4, and 8 years, respectively. NACT with paclitaxel plus cisplatin followed by radical hysterectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy could be considered as one of feasible alternatives to primary radical surgery or concurrent chemoradiation therapy with the termination of pregnancy in pregnant women with FIGO stage IB cervical cancer who have two or more intermediate pathologic-risk factors.
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Cisplatin* ; Drug Therapy* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Lung ; Obstetrics ; Paclitaxel* ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnant Women ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

PURPOSE: Intracorporeal anastomosis is the most difficult procedure during pure single-incision distal gastrectomy (SIDG) that affects its generalization. We introduced unaided delta-shaped anastomosis (uDelta), a novel anastomosis technique, for gastroduodenostomy after pure SIDG, and compared the results with those of previously reported Roux-en-Y anastomosis (RY). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between March 2014 and March 2015, SIDG with D1+ lymph node dissection was performed for early gastric cancer through a 2.5-cm transumbilical incision without any additional port. uDelta was performed by the operator alone, without any intracorporeal assistance. RESULTS: uDelta was performed on 11 patents, and uncut RY was performed on 5-patients without open or multiport conversion. R0 resection was performed in all cases. No significant differences were observed in mean age and body mass index between patients who underwent uDelta or RY. Mean operation times were 214.5+/-36.2 minutes for uDelta and 240.8+/-65.9 minutes for RY, which was not significantly different. Reconstruction time for uDelta was shorter than that for RY, with marginal statistical significance (26.1+/-8.3 minutes vs. 38.0+/-9.1 minutes, P=0.05). There were no intraoperative transfusions, 30-day mortality, or anastomosis-related complications in either group. Average length of hospital stay was 8.2+/-1.9 days in the uDelta group and 7.2+/-0.8 days in the RY group (P=0.320). CONCLUSIONS: After carefully considering indications, uDelta can be a feasible and can be a reproducible reconstruction method after SIDG in early gastric cancer.
Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y* ; Body Mass Index ; Gastrectomy* ; Gastroenterostomy ; Generalization (Psychology) ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Length of Stay ; Lymph Node Excision ; Mortality ; Stomach Neoplasms*