PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of music therapy on anxiety, stress and maternal-fetal attachment in pregnant women during a transvaginal ultrasound. METHODS: This study was a nonequivalent control group nonsynchronized design. Pregnant women (n = 232) were assigned to experimental (n = 117) and control (n = 116) groups respectively. The data were collected from August 2 to 27, 2010. The experimental group received general prenatal care and single 30-minute session of music therapy, while the control group received only general prenatal care. Anxiety, stress, and maternal-fetal attachment was assessed using three self-report measures by State scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (1976), Pregnant women's stress scale of Ahn (1984) and Cranley's (1981) maternal-fetal attachment scale. RESULTS: The music therapy group showed statistically significant decrease in anxiety compared to control group but no significant difference was identified in stress and maternal-fetal attachment. CONCLUSIONS: The finding provides evidence for use of nursing intervention in prenatal care unit to reduce pregnant women's anxiety. Further research is necessary to test the benefits of music therapy with different frequency and duration.
Anxiety ; Female ; Humans ; Music ; Music Therapy ; Pregnant Women ; Prenatal Care

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to test a model for quality of life among infertile women. This model was based primarily on the concept of the Fertility Quality of Life by Boivin et al. (2011) and the Infertility Resilience Model by Rindenour (2009). METHODS: Fifteen measurable variables were used to estimate quality of life. They included endogenous variables such as fertility quality of life and resilience, and exogenous variables such as infertility related stress, depression, marital adjustment, and family support. Data sets (n=203) used for analysis were collected in a general hospital which had, on average, 400 assisted reproductive technologies per month. RESULTS: The assessment of the modified model indicated acceptable fit, with chi2/d.f=2.07, GFI=.90, AGFI=.89, NFI=.89, CFI=.91, RMSEA=.07. Depression, infertility related stress, marital adjustment, resilience, and family support had direct influences on quality of life. CONCLUSION: The results of this study should contribute to the development of nursing intervention programs to enhance quality of life using factors that affect fertiQol (fertility quality of life) of infertile women.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Adult ; Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Infertility, Female/*psychology ; *Quality of Life ; Questionnaires ; Resilience, Psychological ; Social Support ; Stress, Psychological

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data on preventive child abuse program development. METHOD: Data were collected on 105 high-risk families of child abuse intervention was obtained from their main child rearer who raised the child under 18 years, olds during 10 months period from May, 2000 to March 2001. RESULT: The results were as follows : 1. Child abuse occurred in the subject's home, in the case of mild child abuse, 'throwing an object at the child' had the highest percentage 39.1%, in severe child abuse, 'rod, stick, belt, broom beating or using a variety of objects such as' had the highest percentage 49.5%, and in very severe child abuse, 'hospitalized by belting' had the highest percentage 3.8%. 2. The degree of child abuse potential showed high risk child abuse score with a mean of 213.3. The degree of beliefs in corporal punishment showed that subjects perceived corporal punishment of children positively with a mean of 32.2. 3. With respect to the child abuse potential, there were significant correlations with the subjects' age (r=.294, p=.002), education level (r=-.442, p=.000), and family income (r=-.355, p=.000). CONCLUSION: From this study not only child abuse occurrence but also child abuse potential were severely increased in poor livelihood families. Therefore to the high risk group, individual preventive approach must be applied.
Child ; Child Abuse ; Cytisus ; Education ; Humans ; Only Child ; Program Development ; Punishment

PURPOSE: Viral gastroenteritis is a common disease in infants and children. Seizures can be associated with viral gastroenteritis as benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis (CwG). After the development of the rotavirus vaccination, norovirus has become inreasingly significant in children. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical features in a pediatric population presenting with seizures and confirmed enteral viral infections, especially norovirus infections. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of pediatric patients aged < 15 years admitted due to convulsions and gastroenteritis to the Department of Pediatrics of Myongji Hospital between July 2014 and June 2016. RESULTS: A total of 46 patients (24 male and 22 female) were included. Norovirus was detected in 21 (45.7%) patients, adenovirus in three (6.5%), rotavirus in two (4.3%), astrovirus in one (2.2%), and none of agents were detected in 19 (41.3%) patients. Patients in the norovirus gastroenteritis (NGE) group had a higher incidence of diarrhea than that among in the non-norovirus gastroenteritis (NNGE) group (61.9% vs 28.0%; P < 0.05). Twelve patients experienced status epilepticus, including five (23.8%) in the NGE group and seven (33.0%) in the NNGE group (P=0.837). Seizures were effectively terminated by intravenous benzodiazepines in 8 (66.7%) of 12 patients. Additional long-acting antiepileptic drugs such as fosphenytoin or levetiracetam were required in three (25%) of 12 patients. CONCLUSION: Patients with CwG with and without noroviurs infection did not differ in terms of clinical features. However, status epilepticus was not uncommon among patients with CwG by definition.
Adenoviridae ; Anticonvulsants ; Benzodiazepines ; Child* ; Diarrhea ; Gastroenteritis* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Korea* ; Male ; Medical Records ; Norovirus ; Pediatrics ; Retrospective Studies ; Rotavirus ; Seizures* ; Status Epilepticus ; Vaccination

PURPOSE: Metabolic bone diseases have been major problems in children with renal diseases and steroid treatment is the main precipitating factor reducing bone mineral density(BMD). This study was performed to assess the prevalence of osteoporosis and to evaluate the clinical factors associated with decreased BMD in children with renal diseases. METHODS: Forty-four children with renal diseases who were diagnosed at the pediatric nephrology division of Ajou University hospital since Oct. 1994 were included. Using a new quantitative ultrasound device, BMD and the prevalence of osteoporosis were evaluated. The clinical and serological data were analyzed in association with decreased BMD. RESULTS: A total of 44 patients were evaluated. The age at initial diagnosis was 6.7+/-4.2 years. At the time of evaluation, the chronological and bone age was 9.3+/-4.2 years and 8.2+/-4.6 years, respectively. The renal diseases included nephrotic syndrome 24(54.5%), Henoch Schonlein purpura nephritis 7(15.9%), IgA nephropathy 6(13.9%), reflux nephropathy(RN) 2 (4.5%), and other renal disease 5(%). The prevalence of osteoporosis was 11%. There was no difference in the clinical factors between the long-term and the short-term treated steroid groups. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of osteoporosis was 12% in 44 children with renal diseases. No significant factor was found in association with decreased BMD and there was no relationship between osteoporosis and steroid usage duration or cumulative dose. A new quantitative ultrasound, which is relatively easy to perform, especially in children, is expected to be in common use and will enable clinicians to evaluate metabolic bone disorders with ease.
Bone Density ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Equidae* ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; Humans ; Nephritis ; Nephrology ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Osteoporosis ; Precipitating Factors ; Prevalence ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch ; Ultrasonography*

PURPOSE: The Fertility Problem Inventory (FPI) is a screening instrument used to identify infertility-related stress. The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the FPI. METHODS: Forward-backward translation of the FPI from English to Korean was conducted. The translated instrument was pilot-tested and administered to 259 women with infertility. Test-retest reliability was conducted and the internal consistency coefficient was determined. Validity was evaluated through content validity, construct validity with confirmatory factor analysis, discriminant validity, and convergent validity. RESULTS: The internal consistencywas satisfactory (Cronbach's alpha=.92, item-total correlations=.60-.92). The overall content validity index was 96.9%, signifying that the FPI had good content validity. The model fit indexes were acceptable (goodness of fit index=.92, adjusted goodness of fit index=.91, normal fit index=.95, comparative fit index=.93, and rootmean square error of approximation=.05), indicating good construct validity. The intercorrelations were significant, although low to moderate in size (.20-.59). The correlation between the FPI and depression ranged from .32 to .51 (p < .001), while the correlation between the FPI and the fertility-related quality of life ranged from -.35 to -.58 (p < .001). CONCLUSION: The Korean version of the FPI has high reliability, and good content, construct, discriminant, and convergent validity. A validated Korean version of the FPI may help nurses identify infertility-related stress and administer appropriate nursing interventions to Korean women with infertility.
Depression ; Female ; Fertility* ; Humans ; Infertility ; Mass Screening ; Nursing ; Quality of Life ; Reproducibility of Results

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare anxiety, depression and quality of life according to the severity of urinary incontinence in married women. METHOD: The participants were 168 married women aged 30-65 years who experienced urinary incontinence. The data were collected from May to July, 2006 using a structured questionnaire. Frequencies, percent, means and standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, chi-square-test and Scheffe test with SPSS win 14.0 program were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The distribution of urinary incontinence severity was mild 87.5%, or moderate 12.5%. Significant differences in the severity of urinary incontinence were found for the general characteristics of age, education level, having a job and having a spouse and for the obstetric characteristics of type of delivery, and menopause. Differences in the score for anxiety (t=-2.41, p=0.001) and quality of life (t=5.50, p<0.001) according to the severity of urinary incontinence were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Women with moderate to severe urinary incontinence should be screened for psychosocial factors. Severity of urinary incontinence in married women negatively affects their quality of life. Further research is needed to determine factors predicting the quality of life for incontinent women.
Anxiety* ; Depression* ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Menopause ; Psychology ; Quality of Life* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Spouses ; Urinary Incontinence*

Purpose: High-risk pregnancy, resulting in major complications, such as abortion, gestational hypertension, and preterm labor, are on the rise, requiring intervention. Increased concentration of particulate matter that is 10 μg per cubic meter or less in diameter (PM10) due to increased air pollution and industrialization has recently been noted as a risk factor for health problems, and prior studies have reported that PM10 is related to abortion, gestational hypertension, and preterm labor. Methods: This study used data from the Korean medical panel between 2008 and 2016 to identify 879 women with normal pregnancies and 301 women diagnosed with high-risk pregnancies. The association between high-risk pregnancy and PM10 was analyzed using the annual average regional concentration during the same period by the Korea Environment Corporation. Results: At 35 years of age or older, the risk of abortion (p<0.001; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.43–2.71) and preterm labor increased (p<0.05; 95% CI, 0.33–0.90). Married pregnant women were at a high risk of preterm labor (p<0.05; 95% CI, 0.25–0.98), and the prevalence of gestational hypertension was high in the metropolitan area (p<0.05; 95% CI, 12.09–25.93). On comparing the average annual concentration of particulate matter according to the level of atmospheric ventilation of the Korea Environment Corporation using a cutoff of ≤50 μg/m3, the probability of preterm labor was 2.2 times higher in groups exposed to particulate matter concentration of ≥50 μg/m3 (p<0.01; 95% CI, 1.49–3.25). Conclusion PM10 was related to preterm labor, and the risk of preterm labor was high if the average annual concentration of PM10 in the individual’s residential area exceeded 50 μg/m3.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Few studies have provided evidence of the association between diet quality and dental caries. This study aimed to examine the association between diet quality and untreated dental caries in a Korean representative population. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The study population included a sample of 13,815 participants, aged ≥ 19 from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey during 2013–2015. The explanatory variable was diet quality and the outcome variable was untreated dental caries.Untreated dental caries were defined by the number of decayed teeth recorded according to the criteria established by the World Health Organization. Diet quality was defined by using the Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI) through the 24-h recall methods. We assessed the association between diet quality and untreated dental caries while adjusting for age, sex, education, income, smoking status, dental visits, toothbrushing frequencies, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. RESULTS: The mean overall KHEI scores in the untreated dental caries group were significantly lower than those in the group without untreated dental caries. Significant differences were observed in the untreated dental caries group based on the KHEI quartiles (P < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, the quartiles of KHEI scores showed an association with untreated dental caries, demonstrating a dose-effect trend (odds ratio [OR], 1.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35–1.84 for 1st quartile; OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.19–1.59 for 2nd quartile; OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.14–1.53 for 3rd quartile; reference quartile highest]). CONCLUSIONS The findings indicated an inverse association between diet quality and untreated dental caries in Korean adults. Healthcare providers should take into account the significant role of diet quality in preventing and managing oral health.

PURPOSE: Resilience relates to coping with stressful hospital environment. The purpose of this study was to identify the types of resilience skills of clinical nurses for surviving in a hospital setting. METHODS: The Q methodology was used as it helps analyze the participants' subjective perspective on each item. Participants were 32 registered nurses who sorted 38 selected Q statements that were then plotted on a normal distribution using a 9-point scale. The subjective perspectives on the resilience of clinical nurses were analyzed using the PC-QUANAL program. RESULTS: This study revealed four types of resilience in clinical nurses, accounting for 65.2% of the variance: Type I: Reality-harmonic type; Type II: Own will type; Type III: Professionalism-oriented type; and Type IV: Relation-oriented type. CONCLUSION: The present findings suggest the need to develop interventions for improving clinical nurses' resilience according to their types. Following further investigation of nurses' resilience, it may be necessary for organizations to develop several resilience strategies.
Humans ; Methods ; Nurses ; Resilience, Psychological