No abstract available.
Duodenum* ; Hematoma*

No abstract available.
Duodenum* ; Hematoma*

No abstract available.
Meningitis*

PURPOSE: This study was a meta-analysis designed to identify effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) interventions in alleviating main symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among school-aged children in Korea. METHODS: Examination of several databases including Research Information Sharing Service, Korean Studies Information Service System, Data Base Periodical Information Academic and hand-searched article references, resulted in identification of 1,298 studies done between 2000 and 2013 of which 21 met the inclusion criteria. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 2.0 was used to analyze effect sizes, explore possible causes of heterogeneity, and check publication bias with a funnel plot and its trim-and-fill analysis. RESULTS: Overall effect size of CBT intervention was large (g=1.08) along with each outcome of self-control (g=1.26), lack of attention (g=1.02), social skills (g=0.92), and hyperactivity (g=0.92). For heterogeneity, moderator analysis was performed, but no significant differences were found between the RCT (Randomized Controlled Trials) group and the NRCT (Non RCT) group. Also, meta-regression was performed using sample size, number of sessions, and length of session as predictors, but no statistically significant moderators were found. Finally, a funnel plot along with trim-and-fill analysis was produced to check for publication bias, but no significant bias was detected. CONCLUSION: Based on these findings, there is clear evidence that CBT intervention has significant positive effects on the main symptoms of school-aged children suffering ADHD. Further research is needed to target diverse age groups with ADHD along with more RCT studies to improve the effectiveness of the CBT intervention.
Attention ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/*therapy ; Child ; *Cognitive Therapy ; Databases, Factual ; Humans ; Psychomotor Agitation ; Republic of Korea ; Self-Control/psychology ; Social Skills

PURPOSE: This study compared climacteric symptoms, knowledge of menopause and menopausal management of middle aged women living in urban and rural areas. METHOD: The study subjects included 287 women aged 40-64 years in P city and G town. The instruments used in this study were a climacteric symptoms scale and knowledge of menopause and a menopausal management scale. Data was analyzed with SPSS Win 10.0. RESULT: The mean age of middle-aged women living in urban areas was 47.9 years and that of women in rural areas was 48.0 years. The mean score of the climacteric symptoms of middle-aged women living in urban and rural areas was 48.8 and 50.4 respectively, and was not significantly different. The mean score of the knowledge of menopause of middle-aged women living in urban areas was higher than that of women in rural areas (p=.017). In addition, the mean score of the menopausal management of middle-aged women living in rural areas was higher than that of women in urban areas. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that not only general characteristics but also living areas should be considered in developing nursing interventions to manage the climacteric symptoms of middle aged women.
Climacteric* ; Female ; Humans ; Menopause* ; Middle Aged* ; Nursing

The aim of this study is to consider breast imagery in art as depicted through western painting. Twenty western art paintings were collated. Most of the sample paintings were created from the mid-nineteenth century to the late twentieth century and some are from the Renaissance period. Ten anthropometric items were used to measure 15 distances between two landmarks and 3 angles between three points. The distance from the nipple to the sternal notch and to the midclavicular point was the same and they were 0.46 of the distance from the sternal notch to the umbilicus. The shape of the projection of the breast was almost an isosceles triangle and the altitude of the triangle was at a proportion of 0.45 of the bottom length and 0.16 of the distance from the sternal notch to the umbilicus. The distance between the lateral ends of the breasts was 2.14 times the facial width and the distance between nipples was 1.36 times the facial width. Proportions from works of art are more ideal and attractive than clinically measured proportions. The desirable ratios measured from historical paintings might be useful in planning breast surgeries.
Altitude ; Breast* ; Nipples ; Paint* ; Paintings* ; Umbilicus

For the purpose of morphologic analysis of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) antigens reacting with specific monoclonal antibodies, we observed HCMV particles after immunogold staining. HCMV was cultured in human fetal lung fibroblasts to be concentrated by polyethylene glycol 6,000. The HCMV stock was dropped onto Formva-coated grids and was fixed by 2% glutaraldehyde. The grids were reacted with MCMVA57, 93, 135 or with SCMVM1, 6, 14, 49 monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) follwed by gold (10 nm)-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG. Then the grids were stained with 2.5% uranyl acetate to be observed under Hitachi 500 or Jeol 1,200 electron microscope. When HCMV was reacted with SCMVM14 and SCMVM49 MoAbs, gold particles were adsorbed to virion envelopes, suggesting that the reactive antigens were envelope proteins. In cases of MCMVA135 and SCMVM6 MoAbs, gold particles were adsorbed to dense bodies as well as to virion envelope. These results, together with the previous results of immunologic and genetic characterization, suggested that the reactive antigens of MCMVA135 and SCMVM6 MoAbs were gB homologue and structural protein, respectively. In case of SCMVM1 MoAb, gold particles were adsorbed to capsids, envelopes, and dense bodies, suggesting that the reactive antigen was structural protein. In case of SCMVM8 MoAb, gold particles were observed between the envelopes and capsids, which space was supposed to be the tegument, suggesting that the reactive antigen was carbohydrate moiety of glycoprotein or its polymer. In cases of MCMVA57 and MCMVA93 MoAbs, gold particles were adsorbed to only dense bodies, suggesting that the reactive antigens were precursors of structural proteins.
Antibodies, Monoclonal* ; Capsid ; Cytomegalovirus* ; Fibroblasts ; Glutaral ; Glycoproteins ; Goats ; Humans* ; Immunoglobulin G ; Lung ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Polymers ; Virion

No abstract available.
Acute-Phase Proteins ; Bacterial Infections*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate Korean blue-collar workers' Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and influencing factors in Korean blue-collar workers. METHODS: Participants in this study were 109 Korean blue-collar workers. The survey included health-related, work-related, and psycho-social factors. SF-36 was used to measure HRQoL. The data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: In the hierarchical linear regression model, when subjects' psycho-social variables were included in the regression model, R2 change was statistically significant. The significant predictors for HRQoL were education level (beta=.26, p=.023), depression (beta=-.38, p<.001), and self-efficacy (beta=.23, p<.001). CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that health care providers must have priority to consider psycho-social variables, especially depression and self-efficacy to improve HRQoL in Korean blue-collar workers.
Depression ; Education ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Quality of Life*

The purine antimetabolite 6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP) has been in clinical use for over 30 years and is still a widely used agent in the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The bioavailibility, clinical efficacy and toxicity of 6-MP administered orally for maintenance therapy of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia are highly variable in many studies, as well as at differnt times in same patient. there are many factors affecting the bioavailibility of 6-MP. The most notably factor being that concomitantly administered drugs and foods might contribute to a decrease in the bioavailibity of this drug. In our sociocultural environment milk is a major constituent of child's foods. Cow's milk contains a high concentration of xanthine oxidase, which could potentially transform 6-TM into 6-thioxanthine (6-TX) and 6-thiouric acid (6-TUA) which have no more therapeutic effects. In this study, we evaluated the effect of various milk products on the bioavailability of 6-MP. Incubation at 37degrees C for 30 min raw or pasteurized milk resulted in transformation of a large quantity of clinically relevant concentration of 6-MP into 6-TUA. The concomitant adminstration of folic acid and allopurinol has markedly inhibitory effect on the 6-MP destroying activity of milk at clinically relevant concentrations. These observations may help to optimize modalities of administration of 6-MP for the treartment of patients with childhood leukemia.
6-Mercaptopurine* ; Allopurinol ; Biological Availability* ; Child ; Complement Factor B ; Folic Acid ; Humans ; Leukemia ; Milk* ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; Xanthine Oxidase