The elderly can experience a lot of stressful events and the stress acts as a various fluent that affects a well-being level, the self-contentment of lives. and the achievements by themselves. Also. the elderly are different from the young in many unexpressed stress and have diverse copings for perceived stress. Moreover. they mainly seem to use a problem-focused coping and an emotion-focused coping. To use whatever copings is to improve the quality of life in the old period and very important fact to achieve their ends. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Perceived Stress and the Ways of Coping in the Elderly and to gain the baseline data for development of nursing intervention program for improve to the quality of life in the elderly. The design of this study was a correlational study. The subjects of this study consisted of 230 of the elderly living in Pusan. The data was collected from 1st July, to 1st September. 2002. The instruments used for this study were 'Perceived Stress Scale(20items, 5point. scale)' developed by Kang In(990) and translated by Lee young-ja(1999). and its reliability is Cronbach's a= .89. Coping Scale(30items, 4point. scale. 14 items about a problem-focused coping, 16 items about an emotion-focused coping, 4 points scale) developed by Lazarus & Folkman (1984) and translated by Yang Young-hee(1998). The reliability of this study is Cronbach's a = .90. The data was analyzed by the SPSS WIN 10.0 program using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA & Scheffe test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The mean score of perceived stress was 31.75+/-0.23(Min 20, Max 100), which the item mean score was 1.59+/-.51(Min 1. Max 5). 2. The number of subjects in a problem-focused coping was 72(31.3%), the number of subjects in an emotion-focused coping was 158(68.7%) 3. There were statistically significant positive correlation between perceived stress and problem-focoused coping method and the more emotion-focoused coping method. (r = .180, r= .209, p< .05). It means the more stress, the more problem-focoused coping method and the more emotion-focoused coping method. 4. There was significant difference the score of perceived stress according to sex (F=-5.057, P=.000)marital status, (F=-2.909. P=.004) , economic level, (F=10.243, P=.000), paticipated meeting, (F=9.346, P=.000), perceived health status(F=5.1l7, P=.007). 5. There was significant difference the score of problem-focoused coping method according to age(F=14.200, P=.000), marital status (F=2.432, P=.0160), economic level (F=14.410, P=.000), monthly income, (F=8.300. P= .000), income resource (F=10.235, P=.000), educational level (F= 15.222, P= .000), occupation (F= 1.544, P=.04l), paticipated meeting (F=4.936, P= .008), perceived health status(F=5.655, P= .004). And there was significant difference the score of emotion-focoused coping method according to monthly income(F=4.781, P= .009), income resource (F=2.930, P= .035), educational level (F=6.101. P=.003), religion(F=2698, P= .032), paticipated meetings(F=7.285, P= .00l). As a result of the study, the elderly had a bit less stress and the two-thirds of the elderly used the emotion-focused coping. Thus, the more perceived stress, the more problem-focoused coping method and the more emotion-focoused coping method. Accordingly, to improve the quality of life of the elderly, there needs and applies a nursing intervention program that relieves the stress and use effective coping method.
Aged* ; Busan ; Humans ; Life Change Events ; Marital Status ; Nursing ; Occupations ; Quality of Life

BACKGROUND: Whether the changes of risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, alcohol) can precipitate stroke remains unknown, and antecedent infection and psychologic stress are described insufficiently as predisposing risk factors for cerebral infarction. Therefore, we attempted to examine the roles of recent infection, psychologic stress, and the changes of risk factors as potential precipitants in each stroke subtypes. We also tested the temporal relationship between preceding exposure to coldness and stroke onset. METHODS: In this case-control study, 113 consecutive patients with acute cerebrovascular disease (38 small vessel disease, 43 large vessel disease, 11 cardiogenic infarction, 4 infarction of undetermined cause, and 17 intracerebral hemorrhage) and 23 control subjects were evaluated. Changes of the risk factors (and their management) were interviewed. A sign/symptom based questionnaire was used to characterize the prevalence of recent prior infection and exposure to coldness. Psychologic stress was measured with the use of Social Readjustment Rating Scale. RESULTS: The negative change of alcohol drinking was significantly higher in the stroke group. However, there was no significant difference between stroke and control groups in the changes of the other risk factors. The prevalence of previous (within 1 month) infection was significantly higher in the stroke group compared with control subjects (p=0.03). However, there were no significant differences among the stroke subtypes in the prevalence of infection(p=0.08). Upper respiratory tract infections constituted the most common type of infection. The exposure to coldness was significantly higher in the stroke group compared with control subjects (p=0.002). The level of stress within the prior 1 month/1 year was significantly higher in the stroke group than control group (p=0.01). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that preceding infection, exposure to coldness, psychologic stress, and the negative change of alcohol drinking may be com.
Alcohol Drinking ; Case-Control Studies ; Cerebral Infarction ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Humans ; Infarction ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Risk Factors* ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Stress, Psychological* ; Stroke*

Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis(AGEP) is a disease entity caused mostly by drugs or viral infections. Clinically it manifests as generalized erythema, erythema multiforme and amicrobial pustules with fever. Histologically, AGEP is composed of neutrophilic subcorneal and spongiform pustules. A 70-year-old female, with no personal or family history of psoriasis, was given medication including diltiazem for hypertension. Fourteen days after taking the medications, pustular eruptions appeared on the face and rapidly spread to the trunk and limbs. A Laboratory examination revealed neutrophilic leukocytosis and an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The skin biopsy showed subcorneal and spongiform pustules. We report here a case of AGEP probably due to diltiazem.
Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis* ; Aged ; Biopsy ; Blood Sedimentation ; Diltiazem ; Erythema ; Erythema Multiforme ; Extremities ; Female ; Fever ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Leukocytosis ; Neutrophils ; Psoriasis ; Skin

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to analyze the effects of self-care behavior, empowerment, and social support on glycosylated hemoglobin in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: The data were collected during the period of July 1 to July 31, 2016. In total, 172 participants were recruited from outpatients who had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at a health care center, a health promotion center at National Health Insurance Corporation, and a tertiary hospital. Statistical data were analyzed with SPSS 20.0 using frequency analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression analysis. RESULTS: The study results showed that self-care behavior (β=−.34, p<.001), empowerment (β=−.34, p<.001), and social support (β=−.20, p=.018) were found to be influential factors affecting glycosylated hemoglobin, with an overall descriptive power of 69%. CONCLUSION: Self-care behavior, empowerment, and social support are considered to be important factors in blood glucose management for the patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, self-caring blood glucose programs and internal synchronizing education through social support and empowerment need to be improved.
Blood Glucose ; Delivery of Health Care ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Education ; Health Promotion ; Hemoglobin A ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated* ; Humans ; National Health Programs ; Outpatients ; Power (Psychology)* ; Self Care* ; Tertiary Care Centers

The limb-body wall malformation complex is a sporadic congenital anomaly characterized by protean manifestations. The diagnosis is based upon the presence of at least two out of craniofacial anomaly, body wall defect, and limb abnormalities. We present a case of limb-body wall malformation complex. This case shows abdominal and pelvic wall defects with eventration of the viscera. It also shows an absence of right kidney, polycystic left kidney, absence of external genitalia and anus, and lower extremity abnormalities. The right lower extremity is absent and the deformed left leg shows malformed foot-like structure attached to the shin in addition to a normally positioned left foot. Our patient is the first case of complete absence of the external genitalia associated with limb-body wall malformation complex in Korean publications and the seventh in English publications.

No abstract available.
Humans ; Quintuplets*

Until mid-2010, intravenous thrombolysis remains the only reperfusion therapy for acute ischemic stroke. In 2015, the five pivotal endovascular recanalization therapy (ERT) trials demonstrated that ERT improved the prognosis of acute ischemic stroke with large artery occlusion within 6 hours after onset. Currently, ERT has been established as a crucial acute ischemic stroke treatment option. The prognosis of acute ischemic stroke is known to be time-dependent. Several studies addressed that ERT expands the time window for reperfusion therapy; thereby, improving prognosis.Current Concepts: Recent randomized clinical trials revealed that ERT improved the outcome in patients even within the late time window of up to 24 hours of stroke onset. The trials enrolled participants who had target mismatch, defined as either clinical-core or perfusion-core mismatch, which prompted an update of the national guidelines in several countries. To select the patients with stroke who were eligible for ERT, advanced imaging tools could be recommended.Discussion and Conclusion: According to the updated ERT guidelines, stroke centers were recommended to establish an appropriate imaging protocol and strategy for patients with acute ischemic stroke who were within the late time window. Additionally, if ERT is further practiced nationally, more manpower and infrastructure for patients with stroke should be supported at the stroke center.

We compared the structural and functional corneal endothelial changes between patients with non-proliferative retinopathy and age-matched nondiabetic patients after phacoemulsification with posterior chamber lens implantation. Endothelial cell density was calculated preoperatively, and postoperative 4, 8 weeks by specular microscopy. Fluorophotometry to check corneal endothelial barrier function was underwent preoperatively and at postoperative 4 days. Preoperatively, no significant difference in corneal endothelial cell density and corneal endothelial permeability coefficient was noted between diabetic patients and age-matched non-diabetic patients. But the mean increase of corneal endothelial permeability coefficient at 4 days after surgery was 118.13% in diabetic patients and 61.88% in nondiabetic patients (P<0.05). The mean endothelial cell loss at 4 and 8 weeks after surgery were 10. 29%, 12.55% in diabetic patients and 7.05%, 9.39% in non-diabetic patients.(P<0.05)
Endothelial Cells ; Endothelium, Corneal* ; Fluorophotometry ; Humans ; Microscopy ; Permeability ; Phacoemulsification*

BACKGROUND:Acute vestibular neuronitis is the disease of which the etiology and pathophysiology are largely unknown . But the viral infection and ischemia of the labyrinth and the vestibular nerve are considered as general etiology. This study was performed to support the viral infection rather than the ischemic theory. MATERIALS & METHODS:We studied seventy years old female patient who showed painful vesicles on left auricle and vertigo with spontaneous nystagmus to the right side. We performed physical examination, serologic test, ENG test, pure tone audiogram, brain magnetic resonance imaging and polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS:We found small vesicles and vascular injection in left EAC, herpes zoster IgG positive, spontaneous right beating in electronystagmograpy, 54% left canal paresis in Caloric test , decreasing left side Tc in velocity step rotatory test, decresed gain, deviation to left in symmetry and phase lead in sinusoidal harmonic acceleration test, normal range hearing in pure tone audiogram, microangiopathy on cortex in brain MRI and negative PCR. CONCLUSION:This case supports viral infection etiology rather than ischemia in vestibular neuritis. But more studies to find the etiology of vestibular neuronitis are required.
Acceleration ; Brain ; Caloric Tests ; Ear, Inner ; Female ; Hearing ; Herpes Zoster ; Herpes Zoster Oticus ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Ischemia ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Paresis ; Physical Examination ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reference Values ; Serologic Tests ; Vertigo ; Vestibular Nerve ; Vestibular Neuronitis

The common errors in preoperative treatment plan for the orthognathic surgery can be occurred during cast impression, cast mounting procedure with face-bow transfer, surgical stent fabrication, and so on. One of the most common errors exists during mounting process of the model on the articulator. Accurate mounting of dental casts to articulator should be achieved by transferring the 3- dimensional spatial relationship of the maxillary arch to an articulator. A face-bow is used for transfer this relationship to articulator, usually by relating the face-bow to a plane of reference of maxillary cast. The purpose of this study is evaluation of the accuracy of face-bow transferring of maxillary model to the articulator. The maxillary casts of thirty patients for orthognathic surgery were mounted on articulator with an face-bow instrument. The relationship of occlusal plane angle to Frankfort horizontal plane relations were compared the cephalogram with the cast-mounted articulator. As a result of this study, the significant difference between the maxillary occlusal planes angle in the cephalogram and articulator were found . The results were followed,1. The mean occlusal plane angle in cast-mounted articulator was 13.5.(SD+/-5.4).2. The mean occlusal plane angle in cephalogram was 10.4.(SD+/-4.3).3. The mean difference of occlusal plane angle between cast-mounted articulator and cephalogram was 3.3.(SD+/-4.6).According to the result, we should suggest that the occlusal plane angle to Frankfort plane in cast-mounted articulator is more steeper than that of cephalogram.And then, maxillofacial surgeon should try to get a more predictable result by suggesting the proper correction method and mounting the cast accurately.
Dental Articulators ; Dental Occlusion* ; Humans ; Orthognathic Surgery ; Stents