Tarsal tunnel syndrom is characterized by pain, paresthesias in the foot in either the entire distribution of the tibial nerve or the distribution of one or two of its major branches and caused by compression of the posterior tibial nerve as it passes posterior and inferior to the medial malleolus. This syndrome is not recognized as readily as its counterpart in the upper extremity, the carpal tunnel syndrome. Anatomically unlike the transv erse carpal ligament the laciniate ligament(flexor retinaculum) has several deep fibrous septa which blend with the periosteum covering the medial side of the calcaneus. The neurovascular bundle in the tarsal tunnel is often attached to some of these septa, rendering itself more liable to minor degrees of traction on movements of the foot. A case of tarsal tunnel syndrome, the patient 24 years old policeman, treated succesfully with surgical release of laciniate ligament is reported.
Calcaneus ; Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ; Foot ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Paresthesia ; Periosteum ; Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome ; Tibial Nerve ; Traction ; Upper Extremity

This report is based on analysis of admissions to the department of pediatric at the Wonju Christian Hospital during the 3 3/4-year period from January 1989 to September 1993 with an Isolated ostium secundum ASD. Several methods of assessment of ASD size, namely, echographic, pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio(Qp:Qs), and angiographic measures, were undertaken in a group of 37 patients, who were being evaluated for transcatheter closure of ASD; the results were compared with the operation diameter. The result of study was as follows : 1) The (Qp:Qs) ratio have no significant(p>0.01) correlation with the operation diameter(r= 0.342) 2) The angiographic size have a significant(p<0.01) correlation with the operation diameter (r=0.842) 3) The echo diameter has the best correlation with the operation diameter(r=0.935; p<0.01) The operation diameter can be estimated by the equation: 1.05 x echo diameter in millimeters+0.93mm. It is concluded that operation diameter of ASD can be estimated accurately by two-dimensional subcostal echo measurements, which in turn could be used for selection of device size for occlusion of the ASD.
Angiocardiography ; Echocardiography* ; Gangwon-do ; Humans

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study is to investigate the correlation between burden, health status and well-being in spouse caregivers of patients with stroke. METHOD: The subjects of this study were 160 spouse caregivers registered at general hospital in Seoul and Seongnam. The data were collected from July 2th to October 30th, 2003. The Suh & Oh's burden scale, Yang's health status scale and Park's well-being scale were employed to measure burden, health status and wellbeing respectively. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS 12 version to obtain summary statistics for the descriptive analysis, Pearson Correlation, and Stepwise Multiple Regression. RESULTS: 1. The mean score of the degree of burden, health status and well-being were 3.52, 5.92 and 3.64 points. 2. The burden of the subjects were significantly negative correlated with psycho- logical health status(r=-.482. p<.01) and wellbeing(r=-.455, p<.01). 3. With the result of stepwise multiple regression, psychological health status and wellbeing were the main variables which could explain burden by 27.1%. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study will provide practical guidelines for developing emotional nursing interventions for the spouses taking care of CVA patients who would experience a heavy burden and distress.
Caregivers* ; Gyeonggi-do ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Logic ; Nursing ; Seoul ; Spouses* ; Stroke*

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study is to investigate the correlation between burden, health status and well-being in spouse caregivers of patients with stroke. METHOD: The subjects of this study were 160 spouse caregivers registered at general hospital in Seoul and Seongnam. The data were collected from July 2th to October 30th, 2003. The Suh & Oh's burden scale, Yang's health status scale and Park's well-being scale were employed to measure burden, health status and wellbeing respectively. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS 12 version to obtain summary statistics for the descriptive analysis, Pearson Correlation, and Stepwise Multiple Regression. RESULTS: 1. The mean score of the degree of burden, health status and well-being were 3.52, 5.92 and 3.64 points. 2. The burden of the subjects were significantly negative correlated with psycho- logical health status(r=-.482. p<.01) and wellbeing(r=-.455, p<.01). 3. With the result of stepwise multiple regression, psychological health status and wellbeing were the main variables which could explain burden by 27.1%. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study will provide practical guidelines for developing emotional nursing interventions for the spouses taking care of CVA patients who would experience a heavy burden and distress.
Caregivers* ; Gyeonggi-do ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Logic ; Nursing ; Seoul ; Spouses* ; Stroke*

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the dietary quality of food consumed away from home among Korean children and adolescents. METHODS: Data were obtained from the 2010~2012 KNHANES (Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) and included 3,583 subjects aged 7 to 18 years old. The frequency of food consumed away from home was dichotomized into more than once or less than once per day. RESULTS: Thirty percent of subjects were shown to consume food away from home more than once per day, and older children from higher income households showed a higher frequency of food consumed away from home compared to other children. The percentage of children and adolescents cited as regularly skipping breakfast was 19%. Individuals who ate out more than once per day showed higher consumption of energy and sodium than those who ate out less than once per day. CONCLUSION: Excessive intakes of energy and sodium are associated with obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity-related diseases. Thus, there is a need for nutritional intervention and educational efforts to improve child nutrition and prevent obesity.
Adolescent* ; Breakfast ; Child* ; Family Characteristics ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Korea* ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Obesity ; Sodium

Exploring the risk factors of adolescent suicide is important for effective suicide prevention. This study explored the clustering of adolescent suicides based on six risk factors: mental disorder, broken family, depression, anxiety, previous suicide attempts, and deviant behaviors. Using 173 student suicide reports obtained from the Ministry of Education, we evaluated the associations between suicide and variables related to mental disorders; dysfunctional family life; depression and anxiety; previous suicide attempts; deviant behaviors such as drinking and smoking; and school life characteristics, including attendance and discipline, problems within the past year, and incidents prior to suicide. In addition, reports of warning signs just before suicide were included in the analysis. The two-stage cluster analysis classified the students into three clusters: the silent type (cluster 1; 48.55%), in which no risk factors were observed; environmental-risk type (cluster 2: 24.28%), which featured a high frequency of broken households, deviant behaviors such as smoking/drinking and running away from home; and depressive type (cluster 3: 27.17%), which featured a high frequency of mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, and suicide attempts. Identifying the sub-types of adolescent suicide may help to inform tailored suicide prevention and intervention strategies in school.

Traumatic boutonniere deformity of the thumb is rare in non-rheumatoid patients. Non-rheumatoid patient develops a boutonniere deformity of the thumb following a closed injury to the dorsoradial aspect of the metacarpophalangeal joint. The patient had an extensor lag of the metacarpophalangeal joint and paradoxical hyperextension of the interphalangeal joint. The patient required surgical treatment which included advancement and reattachment of the extensor pollicis brevis insertion and imbrication of the dorsoradial capsule to restore the anatomical alignment of the extensor pollicis longus. Conservative care of the metacarpophalangeal joint may be effective, but once a boutonniere deformity is developed, surgical treatment is necessary.
Congenital Abnormalities* ; Humans ; Joints ; Metacarpophalangeal Joint ; Thumb*

Background: Although the optimal duration of breastfeeding remains unclear, breastfeeding is generally recommended exclusively for the first 6 months of life, which continues into late infancy. However, the awareness regarding the effects of long-term breastfeeding is relatively low compared with that of breastfeeding in early infancy. We aimed to investigate the growth and nutritional characteristics of the children with prolonged breastfeeding (PBF) over 1 year. Methods: This cross-sectional study was based on the data of children aged 12 to 23 months from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010–2020) conducted by the Korean Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Data on anthropometric measurements, dietary behavior, and food and nutrient intake were extracted, and the association between PBF and growth, nutritional status, and dietary patterns were analyzed. Results: Of the 872 children with a birth weight of ≥ 2.5 kg in the final analysis, 34.2% continued breastfeeding over 12 months of age, and their median breastfeeding duration was 14.2 months. Children with PBF were more likely to have lower current body weight (P < 0.001) and weight gain (P < 0.001), lower daily protein (P = 0.012), calcium (P < 0.001), and iron (P < 0.001) intake per calorie compared with children weaned by 12 months of age or those who were never breastfed. Furthermore, they were started on complementary food at 6 months or later rather than 4–5 months (P < 0.001), consumed cow’s milk earlier (P = 0.012), and consumed probiotics as dietary supplements (P < 0.001) significantly less commonly. When comparing the intake of food groups, children with PBF had a significantly higher intake of cereals and grains (P = 0.023) and fruits (P = 0.020) and a significantly lower intake of bean products (P = 0.020) and milk and dairy products (P = 0.003). Conclusion Korean children who continued breastfeeding over 12 months of age showed distinct characteristics in terms of growth, nutritional status, and dietary patterns in the second year of life compared to children who did not. Long-term additional research on their growth and nutritional status may be needed; however, these findings are significant as important fundamental data for nutritional counseling to establish healthy PBF.

Background: and Purpose Fatigue is common in demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), including multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD).We aimed to validate the usefulness of the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy– Fatigue (FACIT-F) and the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) relative to the Korean version of the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS-K) in Korean patients with MS, NMOSD, and MOGAD. Methods: There were 294 patients with MS (n=120), NMOSD (n=103), or MOGAD (n=71) enrolled in a prospective demyelinating CNS registry. Fatigue was measured using the FACIT-F, MFIS-K, and FSS. Sleep quality, quality of life, depression, and pain were evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), 36-item Short-Form Survey (SF-36), and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Results: The MFIS-K, FACIT-F, and FSS scores showed high internal consistencies and strong correlations with each other in the MS, NMOSD, and MOGAD groups. The scores on all three fatigue scales were correlated with PSQI, SF-36, and BDI-II results in the three groups. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for the FSS and FACIT-F were 0.834 and 0.835, respectively, for MS, 0.877 and 0.833 for NMOSD, and 0.925 and 0.883 for MOGAD. Conclusions These results suggest that the MFIS-K, FSS, and FACIT-F are useful and valuable assessment instruments for evaluating fatigue in Korean patients with MS, NMOSD, and MOGAD.