BACKGROUND/AIMS: In Korea, the incidence and modality of gallstones has changed, since meal have become westernized and the socioeconomic status has improved. Choledocholithiasis and intrahepatic duct stone have high incidence rate in Korea and are difficult to treat as a result of retained stones. This report deals with a clinical analysis of recent trends in gallstone disease and approachs to ideal method of treatment. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was done on 122 biliary tract stone patients who had undergone operations at the Department of Surgery, Seoul Red Cross Hospital, from July 1994 to June 2000. RESULTS: The results are as follows 1) The male to female ratio was 1:1.7, and the most common age group were 7th decade. 2) The most common location of stones were GB and CBD in 40 cases(32.8%). 3) The most common method of operation were cholecystectomy with CBD exploration in 35 cases(28.7%). 4) The incidence of retained stones was 39.3%(48 out of 122 cases). The prevalent site of retained stones was common bile duct(23.0%). Other common locations were in CBD and left hepatic duct(11.8%), Lt. intrahepatic duct(4.1%). 5) In order to remove retained stones, total 92 choledochoscopic stone removal was performed. Average number of choledochoscopic stone removal was 2.1 times per patient(range:1-5). 6) The complete removal of retained stones was possible in 35 cases out of total 44 cases showing 79.5% of sucess rate. 7) Postoperative complication was developed in 40cases(32.8%) and the most common postoperative complications was wound infection(11.5%). The postoperative mortality rate was 4.1%.
Bile ; Biliary Tract* ; Cholecystectomy ; Choledocholithiasis ; Female ; Gallstones ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Male ; Meals ; Mortality ; Postoperative Complications ; Red Cross ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Social Class ; Wounds and Injuries

Follow-up study was made on l0 patients of renal cell carcinoma who were treated at Seoul Paik Hospital since 1982. among the l0 cases, male was 9 cases and female was l case. Average patient age was 55.3 years, with a range of 45 to 67 years. Except one, all of the patients had hematuria either gross or microscopic, but the classic triad of hematuria, flank pain and abdominal mass was present in 3 patients. In 2 cases of the 5 cases who were not examined by C-T scan revealed renal tumor and concurred with pathologic finding. At initial diagnosis, distant metastasis was present in 30% of the patients and 1 patient had subcutaneous lesion and the solitary lesion of the lung. Mean survival time of stage IV renal cell carcinoma was 16 months in this report.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Flank Pain ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Lung ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Seoul ; Survival Rate

No abstract available.
Humans ; Inpatients*

BACKGROUND: Transfusion-transmitted virus (TTV) and TTV-like mini virus (TLMV) are small DNA virus with single-stranded, closed circular, antisense genome infecting man. TTV and TLMV are trans-missible by transfusion. However there had been a few study about TTV prevalence and no study about prevalence in blood donors in Korea. There has been no study about the TTV and TLMV infection in blood products in Korea. The aim of this study was to gain the prevalence of two viruses in blood products. METHODS: A total of 150 plasma samples from blood products (each 50 units of Red blood cell, whole blood, and platelet concentrate) were tested. The samples are obtained from the segments of the blood products. TTV DNA was detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with two sets of primers (A set and B set) and TLMV DNA was detected using nested PCR with primer set C. RESULTS: TTV DNA was detected in 85.3% (128/150) of blood products. TLMV DNA was detected in 41.3% (62/150) of blood products. Either TTV or TLMV was detected in a total of 140 blood products (92.3%) and both TTV and TLMV were detected in 50 products (33.3%). CONCLUSIONS: The blood products are frequently infected with TTV and (or) TLMV in Korea and they can be transmissible by blood products with high probability.
Blood Donors ; Blood Platelets ; DNA ; DNA Viruses ; Erythrocytes ; Genome ; Humans ; Korea ; Plasma ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence ; Torque teno virus*

BACKGROUND: Transfusion-transmitted virus (TTV) is a small DNA virus with single-stranded, closed circular, antisense genome infecting humans. The TTV has been classified into five major genomic groups 1-5. There have been a few studies on TTV prevalence in blood donors and blood products in Korea. However there have been no reports on the TTV genomic groups in Korea. The aim of this study was to gain information on TTV genomic groups in blood products in Korea. METHODS: A total of 50 plasma samples from blood products (25 units each of red blood cell and whole blood) were tested. The samples are obtained from the segments of the blood products. TTV DNA was detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with two sets of universal primers (A set and B set), and TTV genomic groups were determined using PCR with group specific primer sets. RESULTS: TTV DNA was detected in 96% (48/50) of the blood products: the TTV genomic group 3 was found the most frequently (52%, 26/50), followed by group 4 (46%, 23/50), group 1 (20%, 10/50), group 5 (10%, 5/20), and group 2 (2%, 1/50). There were seven blood products (14%) infected with TTVs but their genomic groups were not identified with group specific primer sets. Among the blood products, 44% (22/50) were infected with a unique TTV genomic group; 38% (19/50) were coinfected with TTV from 2 (28%, 14/50) or 3 (10%, 5/50) genomic groups. CONCLUSIONS: Blood products are frequently infected with TTV and all five known genomic groups are detected in Korea.
Blood Donors ; DNA ; DNA Viruses ; Erythrocytes ; Genome ; Humans ; Korea ; Plasma ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence ; Torque teno virus*

OBJECTIVE: To compare the rate of progression of de novo lesion between the cardiac rehabilitation (CR) and control groups. METHODS: This is a retrospective observational study. Patients who received drug-eluting stent (DES) due to acute coronary syndrome were included as subjects. The CR group received eight weeks of early CR program, and sustained a self-exercise program in the homes. The control group was instructed to exercise independently. Nine months after the first insertion of DES, we implemented follow-up coronary angiography, and compared the rate of progression of de novo lesion by quantitative angiographic measurement between the two groups. RESULTS: A total of 81 patients were recruited as subjects to CR group (n=32) or control group (n=49). At nine months, late luminal loss was 0.04+/-0.23 mm in the CR group and 0.00+/-0.31 mm in the control group (p=0.54, observed power=0.10). Late loss was -0.90%+/-9.53% in the CR group and 0.80%+/-11.15% in the control group (p=0.58, observed power=0.05). No target lesion revascularization procedures were needed in the CR group, while two in the control group (p=0.25). In the CR group, mean VO2max was significantly improved from 24.36+/-5.00 to 27.68+/-5.24 mL/kg/min (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: We could not observe a statistically significant difference in the progression rate of de novo lesion between the CR and control groups. Thus the current amount of nine months exercise-based CR program does not seem to have a distinct impact on the retardation of de novo coronary lesion in patients who received percutaneous coronary intervention with DES.
Acute Coronary Syndrome ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Stenosis ; Drug-Eluting Stents ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Observational Study ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Phenobarbital ; Rehabilitation* ; Retrospective Studies ; Stents*

OBJECTIVE: To compare the rate of progression of de novo lesion between the cardiac rehabilitation (CR) and control groups. METHODS: This is a retrospective observational study. Patients who received drug-eluting stent (DES) due to acute coronary syndrome were included as subjects. The CR group received eight weeks of early CR program, and sustained a self-exercise program in the homes. The control group was instructed to exercise independently. Nine months after the first insertion of DES, we implemented follow-up coronary angiography, and compared the rate of progression of de novo lesion by quantitative angiographic measurement between the two groups. RESULTS: A total of 81 patients were recruited as subjects to CR group (n=32) or control group (n=49). At nine months, late luminal loss was 0.04+/-0.23 mm in the CR group and 0.00+/-0.31 mm in the control group (p=0.54, observed power=0.10). Late loss was -0.90%+/-9.53% in the CR group and 0.80%+/-11.15% in the control group (p=0.58, observed power=0.05). No target lesion revascularization procedures were needed in the CR group, while two in the control group (p=0.25). In the CR group, mean VO2max was significantly improved from 24.36+/-5.00 to 27.68+/-5.24 mL/kg/min (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: We could not observe a statistically significant difference in the progression rate of de novo lesion between the CR and control groups. Thus the current amount of nine months exercise-based CR program does not seem to have a distinct impact on the retardation of de novo coronary lesion in patients who received percutaneous coronary intervention with DES.
Acute Coronary Syndrome ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Stenosis ; Drug-Eluting Stents ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Observational Study ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Phenobarbital ; Rehabilitation* ; Retrospective Studies ; Stents*

The aim of this study was to investigate behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) measured by caregiver-administered neuropsychiatric inventory (CGA-NPI) as a function of dementia severity in early onset (EOAD) versus late onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). A total of 113 patients with AD consisting of 49 patients with EOAD and 64 patients with LOAD were enrolled consecutively. General cognitive function and severity of dementia were assessed by the Korean version of mini-mental status examination and clinical dementia rating (CDR), respectively. In the mild stage (CDR 0.5-1), LOAD patients had a significantly higher total CGA-NPI score than EOAD patients. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that disinhibition and night-time behavior were more common and severe in the LOAD group than the EOAD group. However, in the moderate to severe stage (CDR 2-3), EOAD patients had a significantly higher total CGA-NPI score with higher subscores in hallucination, agitation/aggression, irritability/lability, aberrant motor behavior, and appetite/eating change. This study suggested that the heterogeneity of BPSD in AD might be accounted for by dementia severity as well as age at symptoms onset.
Alzheimer Disease* ; Dementia* ; Hallucinations ; Humans ; Population Characteristics

The purpose of this study was to explore dietary patterns and compare dietary patterns using cluster and factor analysis in Korean adults. This study analyzed data of 4,182 adult populations who aged 30 and more and had all of socio-demographic, anthropometric, and dietary data from 2005 Korean Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Socio-demographic data was assessed by questionnaire and dietary data from 24-hour recall method was used. For cluster analysis, the percent of energy intake from each food group was used and 4 patterns were identified: "traditional", "bread, fruit & vegetable, milk", "noodle & egg", and "meat, fish, alcohol". The "traditional" pattern group was more likely to be old, less educated, living in a rural area and had higher percentage of energy intake from carbohydrates than other pattern groups. "Meat, fish, alcohol" group was more likely to be male and higher percentage of energy intake from fat. For factor analysis, mean amount of each food group was used and also 4 patterns were identified; "traditional", "modified", "bread, fruit, milk", and "noodle, egg, mushroom". People who showed higher factor score of "traditional" pattern were more likely to be elderly, less educated, and living in a rural area and higher proportion of energy intake from carbohydrates. In conclusion, three dietary patterns defined by cluster and factor analysis separately were similar and all dietary patterns were affected by socio-demographic factors and nutrient profile.
Adult ; Aged ; Carbohydrates ; Cluster Analysis ; Energy Intake ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Fruit ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Nutrition Surveys ; Ovum ; Vegetables ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: The small anellovirus (SAV) is a new member of the genus Anellovirus infecting humans. SAV can be transmissible by transfusion. However there are no reports on SAV infections in Korea. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of SAV in blood products. METHODS: A total of 90 plasma samples from blood products (each 30 units of Red blood cell, whole blood, and platelet concentrate) and 30 serum samples from non-A to C hepatitis patients were tested. SAV DNA was detected using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). At the same time, TTV and TTMV DNA were detected using nested PCR. RESULTS: SAV DNA was detected in 34% (31/90) of blood products. TTV and TTMV DNA were detected in 66% (54/90) and 29% (26/90) of blood products, respectively. One of the three anelloviruses (SAV, TTV, TTMV) was detected in a total of 77 blood products (86%). SAV DNA was detected in 40% (12/30) of hepatitis patients. TTV and TTMV DNA were detected in 73% (22/30) and 33% (10/30) of those patients, respectively. One of the three anelloviruses (SAV, TTV, TTMV) was detected in 97% (29/30) of hepatitis patients. CONCLUSION: Blood products are frequently infected with SAV and (or) other anelloviruses (TTV/TTMV) in Korea, and can be transmissible with a high probability.
Anelloviridae* ; Blood Platelets ; DNA* ; Erythrocytes ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Korea ; Plasma ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence