The authors report two cases of clozapine-induced acute hepatitis. Two patients developed asymptomatic hepatitis and got better with conservative care. We decreased the dosage of clozapine and added hepatic protectors, resulting in normalized laboratory findings. The authors also reviewed side effects of clozapine in this report. We reviewed the suggested mechanism of either clozapine or chlorpromazine-induced hepatitis. Clozapine influences the liver cell via cytochrome P 450 and chlorpromazine does so via mild cholestasis. There may be a possibility that a patient who has experienced drug-induced hepatitis is vulnerable to clozapine-induced acute hepatitis. In this respect, those who have experienced drug-induced hepatitis must be observed more closely.
Chlorpromazine ; Cholestasis ; Clozapine ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; Drug-Induced Liver Injury ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Liver

OBJECTIVES: Schizophrenic patients have been reported to be associated with abnormal performance on a broad range of neuropsychological tests. But it has been a persistent controversy in the neuropsychology of schizophrenia whether this disorder is characterized by generalized deficits or specific deficits. The purpose of this study was to investigate, using standardized Benton Neuropsychological Assessment(BNA), whether the specific pattern of neurocognitive deficits is found in schizophrenics. METHODS: The subjects were composed of (1) 30 schizophrenic inpatients who were diagnosed as paranoid subtype according to DSM-IV diagnostic criterior and (2) 30 normal subjects with matching demographic variables(i.e. age, sex, educational level). All tests of BNA were given to schizophrenic patients and normal subjects, and the performances of schizophrenic patients and normal subjects were compared on all aspects of BNA. Schizophrenic symptoms were assessed via Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS) to determine the relationship between clinical symptoms and schizophrenic cognitive deficits. RESULTS: Of 12 tests of BNA, schizophrenic patients' performances on Serial Digit Learning(SDL), Facial Recognition Test(FR), Tactile Form Perception(TFP), Finger Localization(FL) were significantly lower than those of normal subjects. In addition, schizophrenic patients showed significantly lower performances than those of normal subjects on Right Hand, Left Hand, Identification of two simultaneously touched fingers of FL, and more Peripheral Error on Visual Form Perception Test(VFPT). Finally, no significant correlation was found with respect to the relationships between total scores, positive symptom scores, negative symptom scores of PANSS, and all scores of BNA tests in schizophrenic patients. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that schizophrenic patients may have a specific pattern of neurocognitive deficits in verbal working memory, learning, attention, and complex sensory information processing in visual and haptic modality such as facial perception skills, tactile information processing, independent of psychotic symptoms. The pattern of deifcits is at least in partial, in agreement with many previous study results. On the tests of linguistic functions, visuospatial perception, and constructional abilities, schizophrenic patients' performances were not significantly different from those of normal subjects. The findings on visuospatial perception and constructional abilities imply that some posterior cortical zones may be relatively uncompromised in schizophrenia. Both poor performances on object recognition tests relative to normal performances on object location tests and verbal working memory dysfunction may be associated with the putative dysfunction of the reciprocal connections either (1) between the prefrontal and parietal cortex or (2) between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampal formation. This tentative explanation remains to be confirmed.
Automatic Data Processing ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Fingers ; Form Perception ; Hand ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Learning ; Linguistics ; Memory, Short-Term ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Neuropsychology ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Rabeprazole ; Schizophrenia*

No abstract available.
Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/*epidemiology

No abstract available.
Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/*epidemiology

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the significant factors for risk estimate of aspiration and to evaluate the efficiency of the dysphagia assessment tool. METHODS: A consecutive series of 210 stroke patients with aspiration symptoms such as cough and dysphagia who had soft or regular diet without tube feeding were examined. The dysphagia assessment tool for aspiration was compared with videofluoroscopy using Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis. RESULTS: In CART analysis, of 34 factors, the significant factors for estimating risk of aspiration were cough during swallowing, oral stasis, facial symmetry, salivary drooling, and cough after swallowing. The risk estimate error of the revised dysphagia assessment tool was 25.2%, equal to that of videofluoroscopy. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the dysphagia assessment tool developed and examined in this study was potentially useful in the clinical field and the primary risk estimating factor was cough during swallowing. Oral stasis, facial symmetry, salivary drooling, cough after swallowing were other significant factors, and based on these results, the dysphagia assessment tool for aspiration was revised and complemented.
Adult ; Aged ; Cough ; Deglutition ; Deglutition Disorders/complications/*diagnosis ; Facial Asymmetry ; Female ; Fluoroscopy/methods ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Assessment ; Stroke/*complications/radiography/therapy

In the case of fully edentulous patients with severe alveolar bone resorption, the consideration of ‘All-on-X’ implant-supported fixed prosthesis after placing four or more implants in the anterior maxilla is possible. Recent advancements in digital dentistry have enabled systematic and predictable treatment in all phases, including diagnosis, surgery, and prosthesis fabrication. By incorporating digital dentistry techniques such as digital complete denture, implant surgical guides, facial scanning into the conventional restoration process, it is possible to reduce the complexity of the prosthesis fabrication and effectively achieve the transition from provisional prosthesis to definitive prosthesis in terms of both aesthetics and function.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence of lymph node metastasis in early endometrial cancer patients and to evaluate preoperative clinicopathological factors predicting lymph node metastasis. METHODS: We identified 142 patients with endometrial cancer between January 2000 and February 2013. All patients demonstrated endometrioid adenocarcinoma with grade 1 or 2 on preoperative endometrial biopsy. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging showed that tumors were confined to the uterine corpus with superficial myometrial invasion (less than 50%), and there were no lymph nodes enlargements. All patients had complete staging procedures and were surgically staged according to the 2009 FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) staging system. Clinical and pathological data were obtained from medical records and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 142 patients, 127 patients (89.4%) presented with stage 1A, 8 (5.6%) with stage IB, 3 (2.1%) with stage II, and 4 (2.8%) with stage III disease. Three patients (2.1%) had lymph node metastasis-2 IIIC1 and 1 IIIC2 disease. Age, preoperative tumor grade, and myometrial invasion less than 50% on preoperative MRI were not associated with lymph node metastasis. A high preoperative serum CA-125 level (>35 IU/mL) was a statistically significant factor for predicting lymph node metastasis on univariate and multivariate analyses. Lymph node metastasis was only found in patients with preoperative grade 2 tumors or a high serum CA-125 level. CONCLUSION: Preoperative tumor grade and serum CA-125 level can predict lymph node metastasis in apparent early endometrial cancer patients.
Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Endometrioid ; Endometrial Neoplasms* ; Female ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lymph Nodes* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Medical Records ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

This study was conducted to develope and evaluate the reliability and the validity of a questionnaire in order to determine the applicability as a screening tool for estimating environmental exposure and health effects related to air pollution. The questionnaire was developed with adopting some items of others such as ISAAC or ATS-DLD. And then we performed test-retest to 89 middle school students and their mothers at interval of three months. Cohen's Kappa values, weighted Kappa values, Spearman's correlation coefficients, and Pearson's correlation coefficients for each item were computed as reliability coefficients. The validity coefficients and validity coefficient bounds were also obtained by simply using these reliability coefficients. As results, Kappa ranged broadly from 0.10 to 0.61 of the items 'diet', 0.52~0.79 of the environmental tobacco smoke, 0.39~0.44 of the functional categories of surrounding environment, and 0.54~0.63 of the using transportation systems; these items were regarded as confounding factors. For items related to health outcomes, Kappa ranged from -0.02 to 0.37 in the respiratory system of past medical history, and from 0.11 to 0.55 in the current health status. But Kappa of the others were over 0.60. In conclusion, if some items can be corrected or modified, the questionnaire developed in this study can be used as a tool for evaluating environmental exposure and health effects associated with air pollution.
Air Pollution* ; Environmental Exposure ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Mothers ; Surveys and Questionnaires* ; Respiratory System ; Smoke ; Tobacco ; Transportation

Menkes disease is a rare fatal X-linked recessive disorder characterized by a generalized defect in intracelluar copper transport. The clinical features which arise from copper deficiency include progressive neurologic deterioration, epilepsy, hair and connective tissue abnormalities. Menkes disease is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the Menkes protein(ATP7A, copper transporting P-type ATPase), which is located on the long arm 13 of the X-chromosome. ATP7A mutations are found in 60 to 70% of the patients. We have experienced a case of Menkes disease in a 6-month-old male who showed developmental delay, myoclonic seizures and kinky hair. The serum copper and ceruloplasmin levels were low and the missense mutation(c.3352G>A, resulting in p.G1118S) in exon 17 of ATP7A gene was found. During 3-year follow-up, he regressed developmentally and showed brain atrophy, multiple bladder deverticula, and bony deformities.
Arm ; Atrophy ; Brain ; Ceruloplasmin ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Connective Tissue ; Copper ; Epilepsy ; Exons ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Hair ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Menkes Kinky Hair Syndrome* ; Seizures ; Urinary Bladder

BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity is becoming more prevalent, associated with a variety of adverse consequences which leads to adulthood obesity. Although diagnosis is usually made by body mass index, there is neither a cutoff point for the percentage body fat nor abdominal circumference. The aim of this study was to identify each cutoff point for both measures. METHODS: The measurement of height, weight, abdominal circumference and percentage body fat was performed through manual assessment and bioelectrical impedance analysis for 4,242 subjects aged 11 in Gunpo City, South Korea. The cutoff point for body fat percentage and abdominal circumference is set to maximize the sum of sensitivity and specificity for detecting obesity and overweight using the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve. RESULTS: The mean percentage body fat was 13.6+/-6.9% for boys and 19.4+/-5.3% for girls. The mean abdominal circumference of boys was 68.0+/-9.1 cm, and that of girls was 64.3+/-7.7 cm. The cutoff point of percentage body fat for obesity was 21.8% in boys and 24.5% in girls. The prevalence of obesity was 15.2%, 16.7% for males and females, respectively. The abdominal circumference cutoff for obesity was 76.9 cm in boys and 70.7cm in girls. Based on that, the prevalence of obesity was 19.7% for boys and 20.0% for girls, which was higher than what was identified by body mass index, as in the case of body fat percentage. CONCLUSION: The cutoffs of body fat percentage and abdominal circumference in one city of Gyeonggi Province were lower than those suggested in the previous studies.
Adipose Tissue ; Aged ; Body Mass Index ; Electric Impedance ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Prevalence ; Republic of Korea ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity