We investigated the gender-specific association between average volume of alcohol consumption, binge drinking, and periodontitis using representative nationwide data. In total, we included 3,549 men and 4,810 women, aged 19 years and older, who participated in the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey performed in 2013~2014. According to the average volume of alcohol consumption, study participants were grouped as follows: mild drinkers (0.1~2.0 drinks/day in men and 0.1~1.0 drink/day in women), moderate drinkers (2.1~4.0 drinks/day in men and 1.1~2.0 drinks/day in women), and heavy drinkers (>4.0 drinks/day in men and >2.0 drinks/day in women). Additionally, binge drinking was categorized as never (no binge drinking), rarely (<1 time/month), occasionally (1 time/month), frequently (1 time/week), and always (almost every day/week). Periodontitis was defined as a community periodontal index equal to code 3 or greater. In men, after controlling for covariates, the association between average volume of alcohol consumption and periodontitis showed a J-shaped curve; the risk of periodontitis was significantly higher in moderate drinkers (odds ratio [OR], 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01~1.56) and heavy drinkers (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.04~1.87) than in mild drinkers. In contrast, no significant association between average volume of alcohol consumption and periodontitis was observed in women. In a fully adjusted analysis, which used ‘never binge drinking’ as a reference, a significant dose-response relationship between binge drinking and periodontitis was observed only in men: rarely (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.16~2.34), occasionally (OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.05~2.16), frequently (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.07~2.33), and always (OR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.56~4.22) (p for trend=0.005). In conclusion, unhealthy drinking patterns such as moderate or heavy alcohol consumption and binge drinking were significantly associated with periodontitis in men but not in women.
Adult* ; Alcohol Drinking* ; Binge Drinking* ; Drinking ; Female ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Korea* ; Male ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Periodontal Index ; Periodontitis*

PURPOSE: Osteoporosis is currently receiving particular attention as a sequela in survivors of childhood osteosarcoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) changes during methotrexate-based chemotherapy in children and adolescents with osteosarcoma. METHODS: Nine patients with osteosarcoma were included in this retrospective study and compared with eight healthy controls. BMD of the lumbar spine and unaffected femur neck of patients was serially measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) before and just after chemotherapy and compared with controls. RESULTS: Four patients (44%) showed decreased lumbar spine BMD and seven patients (78%) showed decreased femur neck BMD, while all controls showed increased lumbar and femur BMD (P=0.024 and P=0.023). The femur neck BMD z-scores decreased from -0.49+/-1.14 to -1.63+/-1.50 (P=0.032). At the end of therapy, five patients (56%) showed femur neck BMD z-scores below -2.0. CONCLUSION: The bone metabolism is disturbed during therapy in children with osteosarcoma, resulting in a reduced BMD with respect to healthy controls. Since a reduced BMD predisposes to osteoporosis, specific attention and therapeutic interventions should be considered.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Adolescent ; Bone Density* ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant* ; Child ; Drug Therapy ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Humans ; Korea ; Metabolism ; Osteoporosis ; Osteosarcoma* ; Retrospective Studies ; Spine ; Survivors

No abstract available.
Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell*

Cardiac rhabdomyomas are the most common primary tumor in infancy and childhood and are frequently associated with tuberous sclerosis. Although spontaneous regression of cardiac rhabdomyoma has been reported , prognosis of this tumor associated with subaortic stenosis is still considered to be poor and surgery continues to be indicated. A 4-day-old female was admitted due to tachypnea and cyanosis. Single rhabdomyoma arising from the interventricular septum associated with severe subaortic stenosis was partially removed under cardiopulmonary bypass. Excised tumor size was 0.7 X 0.9 X 0.4 cm in dimension. The postoperative course was uneventful and the infant discharged on the 14th postoperative day.
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Cyanosis ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Heart Neoplasms ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Prognosis ; Rhabdomyoma* ; Tachypnea ; Tuberous Sclerosis ; Ventricular Outflow Obstruction*

Cardiac rhabdomyomas are the most common primary tumor in infancy and childhood and are frequently associated with tuberous sclerosis. Although spontaneous regression of cardiac rhabdomyoma has been reported , prognosis of this tumor associated with subaortic stenosis is still considered to be poor and surgery continues to be indicated. A 4-day-old female was admitted due to tachypnea and cyanosis. Single rhabdomyoma arising from the interventricular septum associated with severe subaortic stenosis was partially removed under cardiopulmonary bypass. Excised tumor size was 0.7 X 0.9 X 0.4 cm in dimension. The postoperative course was uneventful and the infant discharged on the 14th postoperative day.
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Cyanosis ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Heart Neoplasms ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Prognosis ; Rhabdomyoma* ; Tachypnea ; Tuberous Sclerosis ; Ventricular Outflow Obstruction*

Polymicrobial peritonitis is a relatively uncommon complication and it's clinical characteristics, risk factor and optimal managernent remain controversial. To identify indications for catheter removal in polymicrobial peritonitis, we reviewed the 340 episodes that occured in 168 patients of CAPD peritonitis during past 7 years to identify those. Polymicribial peritonitis was the 18 epoisodes in 18 patients of all peritonitis. First, 18 patients with polymicrobial peritonitis (P-P) did not show significant differences in the demographic features compared to 130 patients with single organism peritonitis (S-P). In contrast to Staphylococcus in S-P, the most common causative organisrn in P-P was pseudomonas (23%). Also sgnificantly more catheters were removed in P-P than S-P (P=0.001). Second, we cornpared group I, the patients responded to antibiotics only, and group II, those who needed catheter removal. The group I was 7 (39%) and the group II was 11 (61%). No patient of group I died and two patients of group II died. Between group I and group II, there were no significant differences in the demographic features. However, patients whose dialysate-WBC counts were below 100 at 3rd day after start of antibiotics were more significantly frequent in group I than group II. Among combination of causative organisms in P-P, most of Pseudornonas (6/9) and fungus (4/4) were treated by catheter removal. In conclusion, more catheters were removed in P-P than S-P. When dialysate WBC at 3rd day after start of antibiotics were over 100 and causative organism included pseudomonas or fungus in P-P, catheter removal was needed. We suggest that the kinds of organisms isolated and early response to antibiotics influence on the outcome of polymicrobial peritonitis.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Catheters* ; Fungi ; Humans ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory* ; Peritonitis* ; Pseudomonas ; Risk Factors ; Staphylococcus

Superwarfarin intoxications that induce profound and prolonged coagulopathy are being increasingly reported, to such an extent that it is becoming a comparatively common intoxication. However, there have been few reported cases of superwarfarin intoxication with an inadvertent cause or an unknown origin. A 58-year-old man with recurrent painless hematuria was found to have an acquired deficiency of vitamin K dependent clotting factors, and a large amount of vitamin K was required to correct the coagulopathy. He had no history of warfarin use or any exposure to rodenticides, but brodifacoum was detected in his serum. It is important for physicians to be aware that significant coagulopathy can occur secondary to superwarfarin intoxication, without any known exposure to substances that might induce this.
4-Hydroxycoumarins ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Rodenticides ; Vitamin K ; Warfarin

Purpose: Chromosomal instability (CIN) contributes to intercellular genetic heterogeneity and has been implicated in paclitaxel (PTX) resistance in breast cancer. In this study, we explored polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) as an important regulator of mitotic integrity and as a useful predictive biomarker for PTX resistance in breast cancer. Methods: We performed PTX resistance screening using the human kinome CRISPR/ Cas9 library in breast cancer cells. In vitro cell proliferation and apoptosis assays and in vivo xenograft experiments were performed to determine the effects of PLK1 on breast cancer cells. Immunofluorescence microscopy was used to measure the degree of multipolar cell division. Results: Kinome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screening identified various kinases involved in PTX resistance in breast cancer cells; among these, PLK1 was chosen for further experiments.PLK1 knockdown inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, PLK1 silencing sensitized breast cancer cells and mouse xenograft tumor models to PTX cytotoxicity. Silencing of PLK1 induced the formation of multipolar spindles and increased the percentage of multipolar cells. In addition, PLK1 silencing resulted in the downregulation of BubR1 and Mad2 in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, PLK1 upregulation in primary breast cancer was associated with decreased overall patient survival based on the analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas and Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium databases. Conclusion PLK1 plays an important role in PTX resistance by regulating CIN in breast cancer cells. Targeting PLK1 may be an effective treatment strategy for PTX-resistant breast cancers.

OBJECTIVES: This study was investigated the recovery characteristics of propofol-remifentanil and sevoflurane-remifentanil anesthesia for total thyroidectomy. METHODS: Eighty patients in ASA physical status 1 and 2 scheduled for total thyroidectomy were allocated randomly to either group P (n = 40) or group S (n = 40). Anesthesia was maintained with remifentanil effect site concentration (Ce) 1-3 ng/mL and propofol Ce 2-4 microg/mL in the group P, and was maintained with remifentanil Ce 1-3 ng/mL and sevoflurane 1.5-2% in the group S. Blood pressure, heart rate, and bispectral (BIS) index were measured during perioperative period. The times from discontinuance of anesthetic agent to eye opening, to extubation, and to stating name were measured. Postoperative complications were evaluated. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between group P and S on the blood pressure, heart rate, and recovery time. BIS index of group P showed lower than that of group S during operation (P < 0.05). The incidences of side effects were similar in the two groups, though the incidence of nausea was higher in the group S (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Propofol-remifentanil anesthesia was more advantageous than sevoflurane-remifentanil anesthesia for thyroidectomy in view of side effect incidences.
Anesthesia* ; Blood Pressure ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Incidence ; Nausea ; Perioperative Period ; Postoperative Complications ; Propofol ; Thyroidectomy*

PURPOSE: Most surviving pediatric osteosarcoma patients experience osteoporosis, bone pain, and pathologic fracture during and after therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and side effects of pamidronate therapy in these patients. METHODS: Nine osteosarcoma patients (12.8±1.6 years of age; 5 boys and 4 girls) who had a history of nontraumatic fracture or severe pain after completing chemotherapy were included. Intravenous pamidronate (1.5 mg/kg) was given every 6 weeks for 4 to 6 cycles. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Clinical outcomes including acute side effects were also evaluated. RESULTS: After pamidronate treatments, all patients experienced decreased pain. Seven of 9 patients could walk without a crutch. The BMD of lumbar spine was increased by 0.108±0.062 mg/cm2 after 8.4±1.0 months (n=8, P=0.017) and the mean z-score improved from -2.14±0.94 to -1.76±0.95 (P=0.161). Six patients (67%) had an acute-phase reaction, and 2 patients had symptomatic hypocalcemia. CONCLUSION: Pamidronate appears to be safe and effective for the treatment of osteosarcoma in children with low BMD and bone pain.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Acute-Phase Reaction ; Bone Density* ; Child ; Drug Therapy ; Fractures, Spontaneous ; Humans ; Hypocalcemia ; Osteoporosis ; Osteosarcoma* ; Spine