PURPOSE: This study was conducted to assess the surgical outcomes of limbal lensectomy with or without anterior vitrectomy for the management of lens subluxation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records of 20 consecutive patients (33 eyes) with lens subluxation who had undergone limbal lensectomy with or without anterior vitrectomy from February 1999 to January 2004 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: All the patients, except one high axial myopic patient, were implanted with scleral sutured posterior chamber intraocular lens. We evaluated the preoperative, postoperative visual acuity and postoperative complications and compared the results in group I (limbal lensectomy with anterior vitrectomy, 27 eyes) to those in group II (limbal lensectomy without anterior vitrectomy, 6 eyes). The preoperative best-corrected visual acuity was 0.21 and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity was improved by 2 lines or more in all 27 eyes in group I, and in 5 eyes in group II (p>0.05). The most frequent postoperative complication was intraocular lens dislocation in four eyes (14.8%) in group I alone. No retinal detachment occurred in either group, even in patients with high myopia. CONCLUSION: Limbal lensectomy without anterior vitrectomy improved visual acuity similarly to limbal lensectomy with anterior vitrectomy without significant increase of postoperative complications. This results of this study suggest that anterior vitrectomy is not necessarily required for the management of lens subluxation.
Dislocations ; Humans ; Lens Subluxation* ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Medical Records ; Myopia ; Postoperative Complications ; Retinal Detachment ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy*

PURPOSE: This study was to identify the relationship among self-management, economic stability, self-esteem, self-achievement and predictor of the self-achievements in elders. METHODS: A total of 294 subjects aged between 60 and 92 were selected through convenient sampling. Data were collected by self-reported questionnaire from May to June, 2008. Collected data were analysed by the SPSS/WIN 15.0 program. RESULTS: Self-management, economic stability, self-esteem, self-achievement were positively correlated. The most significant predictor of self-achievement in elders were self-management and self-esteem. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that self-achievement is influenced by self-management and self-esteem and needed for aged well.
Self Care ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs) represent about 15% to 20% of all ovarian malignancies and differ from invasive ovarian cancers (IOCs) by many characters. Historically, standard management of BOT is peritoneal washing cytology, hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, omentectomy, complete peritoneal resection of macroscopic lesions; in case of mucinous BOTs, appendectomy should be performed. Because BOTs are often diagnosed at earlier stage, in younger age women and have better prognosis, higher survival rate than IOCs, fertility-sparing surgery is one of the option to preserve childbearing capacity. The study of such conservative surgery is being released, and still controversial. After surgery, pregnancy and ovarian induction followed by in vitro fertilization are also significant issues. In surgery, laparoscopic technique can be used by a gynecologic oncology surgeon. So far postoperative chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hormone therapy are not recommended. We will discuss controversial issues of BOTs on this review and present the outline of the management of BOTs.
Biopsy ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Female ; Humans ; Infertility, Female/prevention & control ; Intraoperative Care/methods ; Laparoscopy/methods ; Laparotomy/methods ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/therapy ; Neoplasm Staging ; Organ Sparing Treatments/methods ; Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology/*therapy ; Ovary/*pathology ; Precancerous Conditions/pathology/therapy

Seborrheic keratosis is a common benign epithelial tumor which occurs primarily on sun-exposed area, and is occasionally associated with several malignant or premalignant conditions. Among these malignant or premalignant conditions, Bowen disease and basal cell carcinoma are common, but still it is not clear whether these malignancies arise incidentally with seborrheic keratosis or malignant transformation has occurred. We herein report a case of Bowen disease with seborrheic keratosis on the inguinal area where prior seborrheic keratosis had recurred after incomplete removal.
Bowen's Disease* ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Keratosis, Seborrheic*

No abstract available.
Child, Preschool* ; Erythema Nodosum* ; Erythema* ; Granuloma Annulare* ; Granuloma* ; Humans ; Lower Extremity* ; Male*

OBJECTIVE: To quantify the activation of the paraspinalis muscles (multifidus and erector spinae) at different walking velocities and slope with surface electromyography. METHODS: This study was a prospective experimental study involving ten healthy male participants. Surface electrodes were placed over the multifidus and erector spinae muscles at the L5 and L3 level. After the electrode was placed at the lumbar paraspinalis muscles, electromyography signals were recorded over 20 seconds. Data were collected three times during the walking exercise at a 0degrees gradient with the speed from 3 to 6 km/hr. At 7degrees gradient and 15degrees gradient, data were also collected three times but a walking speed of 4 km/hr. The area under the curve was calculated for quantitative measurement of muscle activation. RESULTS: While the muscle activation was increased at higher walking velocities at the L5 and L3 levels of the multifidus, the erector spinae muscle activation did not show any change at higher walking velocities. At L3 level of the multifidus and erector spine muscles, the muscle activation was significantly increased in 15degrees gradient compared to those seen in at 0degrees gradient. At L5 level, the multifidus and erector spinae muscle activation in 0degrees gradient was not significantly different from that those seen in 7degrees or 15degrees gradient. CONCLUSION: Fast walking exercise activates lumbar multifidus muscles more than the slow walking exercise. Also, the mid lumbar muscles are comparatively more activated than low lumbar muscles when the walking slope increases.
Electrodes ; Electromyography ; Humans ; Low Back Pain ; Male ; Muscles ; Paraspinal Muscles* ; Prospective Studies ; Spine ; Walking*

The central venous cannulation is commonly performed in the operating rooms and intensive care units for various purposes. Although the central venous catheter (CVC) is used in many ways, the malpositioning of the CVC is often associated with serious complications. We report a case of an unexpected malposition of a CVC in the jugular venous arch via external jugular vein.
Catheterization ; Central Venous Catheters* ; Intensive Care Units ; Jugular Veins* ; Operating Rooms

No abstract available.
Ectodermal Dysplasia 1, Anhidrotic* ; Humans

Despite the improved accuracy and increasing use of prenatal ultrasonography, fetal cholelithiasis is a rarely detected disease, and its natural history and clinical significance are not yet well defined. Many maternal and neonatal risk factors are associated with fetal cholelithiasis. Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy could be a risk factor for fetal cholelithiasis, but no case reports in previous literatures have demonstrated this relationship. We present a case of fetal cholelithiasis in the late third trimester of pregnancy that was related to intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, along with a brief review of associated literatures.
Cholelithiasis* ; Cholestasis, Intrahepatic* ; Female ; Humans ; Natural History ; Pregnancy Trimester, Third ; Pregnancy* ; Risk Factors ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal

Objective: To quantitatively analyze the effect of nicotine on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and bone remodeling in rats using micro-computed tomography and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase immunostaining. Methods: Thirty-nine adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomized into three groups: group A, 0.5 mL normal saline (n = 9, 3 per 3, 7, and 14 days); group B, 0.83 mg/kg nicotine (n = 15, 5 per 3, 7, and 14 days); and group C, 1.67 mg/kg nicotine (n = 15, 5 per 3, 7, and 14 days). Each animal received daily intraperitoneal injections of nicotine/saline from the day of insertion of identical 30-g orthodontic force delivery systems. A 5-mm nickel-titanium closed-coil spring was applied between the left maxillary first molar (M1) and the two splinted incisors. The rate of OTM and volumetric bone changes were measured using micro-computed tomography. Osteoclasts were counted on the mesial alveolar bone surface of the distobuccal root of M1. Six dependent outcome variables, including the intermolar distance, bone volume fraction, bone mineral density, trabecular thickness, trabecular volume, and osteoclast number, were summarized using simple descriptive statistics. Nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to evaluate differences among groups at 3, 7, and 14 days of OTM. Results: All six dependent outcome variables showed no statistically significant among group-differences at 3, 7, and 14 days. Conclusions The findings of this study suggest that nicotine does not affect OTM and bone remodeling, although fluctuations during the different stages of OTM in the nicotine groups should be elucidated in further prospective studies.