No abstract available.
Anemia, Hemolytic*

No abstract available.
Diaphragmatic Eventration* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

BACKGROUND: The aims of this study were to evaluate the abilities of direct sequencing (DS), peptide nucleic acid (PNA) clamping, and pyrosequencing methods to detect epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) samples and to correlate EGFR mutational status as determined by each method with the clinical response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). METHODS: Sixty-one NSCLC patients treated with EGFR TKIs were identified to investigate somatic mutations in the EGFR gene (exons 18-21). RESULTS: Mutations in the EGFR gene were detected in 38 of the 61 patients (62%) by DS, 35 (57%) by PNA clamping and 37 (61%) by pyrosequencing. A total of 44 mutations (72%) were found by at least one of the three methods, and the concordances among the results were relatively high (82-85%; kappa coefficient, 0.713 to 0.736). There were 15 discordant cases (25%) among the three different methods. CONCLUSIONS: All three EGFR mutation tests had good concordance rates (over 82%) for FFPE samples. These results suggest that if the DNA quality and enrichment of tumor cells are assured, then DS, PNA clamping, and pyrosequencing are appropriate methods for the detection of EGFR mutations.
Constriction ; DNA ; Genes, erbB-1 ; Humans ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Peptide Nucleic Acids ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Tyrosine

No abstract available.
Heart* ; Thoracic Surgery*

Objectives: : This study aimed to assess the possible association of dental pain with suicidal ideation among adolescents by analysing data from the 2018 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a nationwide online survey. Methods: : Of 62,823 adolescent middle and high school students in Korea, 60,040 participants were selected for analysis, after excluding cases with missing values. Participants were given a questionnaire about their self-evaluation of health including dental pain and suicidal ideation. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated the relationships between dental pain and suicidal ideation after controlling for potential confounding factors. Results: : The proportion of Korean adolescents reporting suicidal ideation was 13.3%. The proportion of adolescents who experienced dental pain was 23.4%. Compared to adolescents who did not report dental pain, adolescents who reported experiencing dental pain were significantly more likely to experience suicidal ideation (OR=1.94, p<0.001). In two multivariate models, the relationships between dental pain and suicidal ideation (AOR=1.24, p<0.001) were statistically significant. Conclusions : Dental pain was associated with increased risk of suicidal ideation among Korean adolescents, even when controlling for sociodemographic factors and other health conditions. It is necessary to consider screening adolescent patients who present with dental pain for suicidal ideation.

No abstract available.
Arteriovenous Fistula*

PURPOSE: High levels of prostatic zinc are associated with prostatic antimicrobial activity and are depressed in patients with chronic prostatitis. We investigated the inhibition of bacterial growth in the rat prostate with chronic prostatitis after an intraprostatic injection of zinc and compared the two different types of zinc delivery. MATERIALS AND MTHODS: Ninety male Wistar rats were used in the study. Experimental chronic bacterial prostatitis was induced by the instillation of a bacterial suspension (Escherichia coli 108/ml) into the prostatic urethra. The animals were followed-up for 4 weeks and then injected intraprostatically with either 0.2ml of a zinc liposome or a zinc solution (0.04M zinc sulfate). Animals were sacrificed 4, 6, and 8 weeks after the injection. The inhibition of inflammation and its consequences were analyzed both microbiologically and histologically. The prostatic zinc concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. RESULTS: The average infection rates and mean Log10cfu/g of the zinc-treated groups were significantly lower than the controls. The histopathology showed resolving prostatitis in the zinc-treated groups compared with the controls. The prostatic zinc levels were higher in the zinc-treated groups than in the controls 4 and 6 weeks after the zinc injection (p<0.05). However, the zinc liposome and zinc solution groups were found to be effectively identical. CONCLUSIONS: An intraprostatic injection of zinc inhibited bacterial growth by increasing the zinc levels in the rat prostatitis model. These results suggest that a local application of zinc to the prostate presents a new treatment modality for chronic bacterial prostatitis at the point of its pathogenesis.
Animals ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Liposomes ; Male ; Models, Animal* ; Plasma ; Prostate ; Prostatitis* ; Rats* ; Rats, Wistar ; Spectrum Analysis ; Urethra ; Zinc*

PURPOSE: High levels of prostatic zinc are associated with prostatic antimicrobial activity and are depressed in patients with chronic prostatitis. We investigated the inhibition of bacterial growth in the rat prostate with chronic prostatitis after an intraprostatic injection of zinc and compared the two different types of zinc delivery. MATERIALS AND MTHODS: Ninety male Wistar rats were used in the study. Experimental chronic bacterial prostatitis was induced by the instillation of a bacterial suspension (Escherichia coli 108/ml) into the prostatic urethra. The animals were followed-up for 4 weeks and then injected intraprostatically with either 0.2ml of a zinc liposome or a zinc solution (0.04M zinc sulfate). Animals were sacrificed 4, 6, and 8 weeks after the injection. The inhibition of inflammation and its consequences were analyzed both microbiologically and histologically. The prostatic zinc concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. RESULTS: The average infection rates and mean Log10cfu/g of the zinc-treated groups were significantly lower than the controls. The histopathology showed resolving prostatitis in the zinc-treated groups compared with the controls. The prostatic zinc levels were higher in the zinc-treated groups than in the controls 4 and 6 weeks after the zinc injection (p<0.05). However, the zinc liposome and zinc solution groups were found to be effectively identical. CONCLUSIONS: An intraprostatic injection of zinc inhibited bacterial growth by increasing the zinc levels in the rat prostatitis model. These results suggest that a local application of zinc to the prostate presents a new treatment modality for chronic bacterial prostatitis at the point of its pathogenesis.
Animals ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Liposomes ; Male ; Models, Animal* ; Plasma ; Prostate ; Prostatitis* ; Rats* ; Rats, Wistar ; Spectrum Analysis ; Urethra ; Zinc*

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Different mutations in the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene have been reported in approximately 10% of cases of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The aim of this study was to analyze for mutations in the SOD1 gene and clinical characteristics in Korean family of ALS. METHODS: A subpopulation of the family reported here has been described previously. In the present study, we analyzed the SOD1 gene in the proband and his immediate family members, who were not reported on previously. Genomic DNA was isolated from the leukocytes of whole blood samples and the coding region of the SOD1 gene was analyzed by PCR and direct sequencing. RESULTS: The genetic alterations were a GGC-to-GTT transition at codon 10 in exon 1 and [IVS4+15_16insA; IVS4+42delG; IVS4+59_60insT] in intron 4. Patients with these mutations exhibit diverse clinical onset symptoms and acceleration of the age at onset in successive generations, which is called anticipation. CONCLUSIONS: We have described a family with familial ALS that showed autosomal-dominant inheritance and two distinct genetic alterations in Cu/Zn-SOD1. The affected family members had different phenotypes and anticipation.
Acceleration ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis* ; Clinical Coding ; Codon ; DNA ; Exons ; Family Characteristics ; Humans ; Introns ; Leukocytes ; Phenotype ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Population Characteristics* ; Superoxide Dismutase* ; Superoxides* ; Wills

OBJECTIVE: Anxiolytics and antidepressants are commonly used to treat depressive disorders in pregnant women. Specific and clear evidence is required when managing pregnant patients with such medications to ensure safety. However, information provided by approval label information is insufficient and often different among many countries. By analyzing label information of approval label and other references, this study aims to show the limitations and suggest appropriate directions for retrieving safety information. METHODS: We selected five anxiolytics and eleven antidepressants, which belongs to Korea drug classification codes 117 (psychotropic agents). We chose four countries, Korea, the United States of America (USA), the United Kingdom, Japan and collected safety information for pregnant women in label information. We evaluated the safety information based on recommendation level and evidence level. Then, kappa value and overall agreement were calculated using SAS 9.3. to assess data homogeneity. We further searched Reprotox and a textbook about contraindicated drugs in label information. RESULTS: Recommendation level and evidence level was different in each country. The number of commonly contraindicated drug in label information of four countries was none, and contraindicated drugs in labels were different respectively. Kappa value of evidence level between label information of Korea and Japan, the USA and Japan was 0.61, 0.43 respectively, corresponding to 'substantial agreement' and 'moderate agreement'. The overall agreement was 75%, 62.5% respectively. The information of label was different from that of other references, Reprotox and a textbook in terms of the clinical evidences and recommendation levels. CONCLUSION: Safety information of anxiolytics and antidepressants in label information needs to be updated on a regular basis both for health professionals and patients. With the implication of the inconsistent guidance for the safety information in pregnant women, reliable safety information in pregnant women would be needed.
Americas ; Anti-Anxiety Agents* ; Antidepressive Agents* ; Classification ; Depressive Disorder ; Female ; Great Britain ; Health Occupations ; Humans ; Japan* ; Korea* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women* ; United States