BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that fiber post is superior to cast metal post in the restoration of large-area dental defects, in prognostic terms of post and core crown off, post and core breakage, root fracture. OBJECTIVE:To explore the application value of glass fiber post and cast metal post in restoration of tooth defects. METHODS:Totaly 100 patients with dental defects (150 teeth; 51 males and 48 females) were selected and randomly divided into observation group (50 cases, 70 teeth) and control group (50 cases, 80 teeth). Al of the patients were treated with glass fiber post and metal post repair. After repair, al the patients were folowed up for 1-3 years. The repair effect of the two groups were observed and compared in terms of integrity, color matching, marginal fit, periodontal pocket depth, alkaline phosphatase activity and post and core crown damage. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After 1 year of repair, the observation group was better than the control group in aspects of marginal fit and color matching (P < 0.05); after 1-3 years, the alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly lower in the observation group than the control group (P < 0.05), and there was no difference in the periodontal probing depth between the two groups; while the observation group exhibited higher successful rate than the control group (P < 0.05). The results show that compared with the cast metal post, glass fiber post is better for restoration of tooth defects, exhibiting better restoration effect and long-term success rate, which is conducive to the maintenance of periodontal health.

Objective To evaluate the effects of mechanical stretch preconditioning on pathological stretch-induced damage to type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells.Methods A549 cells cultured in vitro were randomly divided into 6 groups (n =5 each)using a random number table:control group (Ⅰ group),pathological stretch group (Ⅱ group) and different time mechanical stretch preconditioning + pathological stretch group (group Ⅲ-Ⅵ).A549 cells were exposed to 20％ cyclic stretch at 0.3 Hz for 6 h in Ⅱ group.In Ⅲ-Ⅵ groups,A549 cells were exposed to 5％ cyclic stretch at 0.3 Hz for 15,30,60 and 120 min,respectively,and then exposed to 20％ cyclic stretch at 0.3 Hz for 6 h.After the end of pathological stretch,the apoptosis in cells was detected using flow cytometry and was calculated.F-actin expression was determined using flow cytometry.Results Compared with group Ⅰ,the apoptosis rate was significantly increased,and the expression of F-actin was up-regulated in Ⅱ group.Compared with group Ⅱ,the apoptosis rate was significantly increased in groups Ⅳ-Ⅵ,and the expression of F-actin was up-regulated in groups Ⅴ and Ⅵ.Conclusion Preconditioning with mechanical stretch (30-120 min) can mitigate pathological stretch-induced damage to type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells.

The division of specialists and general practitioners is the important of the establishment of a GP system. According to the theory of labor division, the study analyzes the evolution mechanism on the division of spe-cialists and general practitioners and discusses the main factors influencing the division in China. It is found that transaction costs of general practices are not much lower than that of specialist medical care, which encourages outpa-tients to visit specialists in hospitals. Additionally, transaction costs of referral are much higher than profits. There-fore, while there is no division of specialists and general practitioners, it has been difficult to address competition between them and the quality and the efficiency of general practice care in community health centers. Moreover, the income gap does not attract medical students to work in general practices, which has worsened the quality and effi-ciency of general practices. Finally, the transaction costs of general practices have continually increased. This vicious cycle has hindered the division of specialists and general practitioners in China.

Combined with leukemia is a risk factor for aggravating diabetic retinopathy. A combination of diabetic retinopathy and leukemia can be expected to have a rapid progression and patients often visit the department of ophthalmology first. In addition to the typical manifestations of diabetic retinopathy such as retinal venous tortuous dilation, microaneurysm, retinal hemorrhage and exudation, patients may also be associated with leukemic retinopathy. Areas of extensive capillary non-perfusion and neovascularization may appear in the early stage of mild microangiopathy. Moreover, severe complications such as vitreous hemorrhage, neovascular membranes and traction retinal detachment appear earlier, which may be a prognostic indicator for poor vision. The causes of leukemia aggravating diabetic retinopathy include retinal ischemia due to hyperviscosity, anemia and thrombocytopenia, direct infiltration of tumor cells, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, high level of vascular endothelial growth factor. In clinic, rapidly progressing diabetic retinopathy should alert the ophthalmologist to the underlying hematological disorder. Patients with both diabetes and leukemia need to be screened much earlier and followed up at shorter intervals. Early detection and aggressive management may help preserve visual acuity in such cases.

This essay is to present an improvement on the concentration assay for sodium chloride in bicarbonate dialysate.
Bicarbonates ; analysis ; chemistry ; Dialysis Solutions ; analysis ; chemistry ; Sodium Chloride ; analysis

Objective To learn the business operations of the pilot county-level public hospitals chosen for the 2014 experiment,which were subsidized at different levels in the financial subsidy mechanism reform.Methods County-level public hospitals from 109 counties were sampled as pilots from two provinces of the eastern,central and western regions of China.Descriptive analysis and correlation analysis were made to study their business operations at various subsidy levels.Results Proportional differences in the governmental financial subsidy level make a difference in the revenue and expenditure of county-level public hospitals.The higher the subsidy proportion,the lower the annual average of the total workload of the hospital(P <0.01),the less the inpatient expenditure per hospitalization(P =0.01),and the lower the drug proportion as well(P <0.01 ).Conclusions Financial subsidy plays a key role in the financial balance and business operation of such hospitals.Hence the government is proposed to guarantee its financial subsidy responsibility,to build a long-term financial subsidy mechanism.

International experiences can provide evidences for general practitioners ( GPs) system building in China. The paper reviews the development of GP systems from several typical countries of different insurance sys-tems, including national health care systems, commercial medical insurance systems, and social medical insurance systems, etc. The factors that influence GPs systems are analyzed. It is found that the control force of health security system on health system, the control force of specialists on health system, the incentive mechanism of general prac-tice, and the development of general medicine influence the establishment of GPs systems. Finally, this paper pro-vide several policy implications:First, in order to meet the needs of public health, a GPs system with Chinese char-acteristics should be established;Second, the core values of general medicine should be promoted to provide public support for the establishment of a GPs system;Third, a sound incentive mechanism should be established for the de-velopment of a GPs system to improve the status of general practitioners;Fourth, the division of general practitioners and specialists should be promoted to improve the development of general medicine.

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of serum pyridinoline cross-linked carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type Ⅰ collagen(ⅠCTP),anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide(CCP)antibody,rheumatoid factor(RF)and C-reative protein(CRP)detection to the diagnosis and disease monitor of rheumatoid arthritis.Methods Serum ⅠCTP and anti-CCP antibody were measured by ELISA,RF and CRP by immunonephelometry assay in 57 patients with RA and 25 with non-RA as well as 30 normal controls.Results Serum ⅠCTP concentration was positively correlated with that of anti-CCP antibody,RF and CRP(rs=0.474,0.366,0.645,P0.05).Serum ⅠCTP in the patients with active RA was significantly higher than in those with stable RA and normal controls(P0.05).The combined sensitivity of RF and anti-CCP antibody was 87.5%.Conclusion Serum ⅠCTP is a sensitive serum marker to monitor the early damage of arthrosis.Missed diagnosis rate of RA is reduced by detecting anti-CCP antibody and RF together.Combinational monitoring the variance of serum ⅠCTP,anti-CCP antibody,RF and CRP could effectively monitor the disease development in time,which exhibits great sense on impede arthrosis damage.

It has been reported that angiogenic growth factors may be useful in the treatment of ischemic heart disease. In our experiment a recombinant deficient adenovirus vector coding for aFGF was intramyocardially administrated into swines with chronic ischemic myocardium to investigate its effect on the improvement of myocardial function. In the present study, experimental minipigs underwent thoracotomy and placement of an Ameroid constrictor on the left circumflex branch coronary artery. Four weeks later, Ad.aFGF( n =7), Ad.Null( n =5) or PBS( n =6), was administrated directly into the myocardium at 10 sites in the circumflex branch distribution area (10 9 pfu or 100?l). Another four weeks later, cardiac function was examined by echocardiography and the results showed significant improvement of myocardial function in Ad.aFGF animals compared with Ad.Null and PBS animals. So such a strategy of gene therapy can be used in patients with ischemic heart disease.

To further investigate whether the suicide gene therapy affect the immune system, CT26 colon adenocarcinoma of BALB/c mice was adapted as experimental tumor model. The growth of CT26 tumor was suppressed by the adenovirus-mediated CD/5FC system significantly both in vitro and in vivo. But the tumors seemed very difficult to be cured and developed again soon after the end of treatment. After adenovirus-mediated CD/5FC gene therapy, there were about 40%of treated mice were cured from the tumor burden, survived longer and resisted further CT26 cell challenge. These mice also showed improvement of splenic CTL cytotoxicity. Costimulatory molecule B7-2, dendritic cell marker NLDC-145, MHC-I, and F4/80 were present in tumor mass in mice. These data suggested that in vivo suicide gene therapy could induce specific antitumor immunity, but this effect is not strong enough to eradicate established tumors. Further study for more efficient induction of antitumor immunity in CD/5FC gene therapy is warranted.