In order to establish an effective qualification assessment system for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon,and then help enforce both medical care and physician medical practice level in China,a survey has been conducted.Based on a questionnaire which covered the qualification for taking the test,the test scope and content as well as test form,this paper provided information for complete test design for Chinese qualification assessment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon.

Adult ; Asymptomatic Diseases ; China ; Chondromatosis, Synovial ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Hip Joint ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Male ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

AIM:To investigate the relationship between trace elements and oxidative stress in diabetic diaphragm. METHODS: Contents of copper(Cu), manganese(Mn), zinc(Zn), iron(Fe),cadmium(Cd),chromium(Cr),cobalt(Co),molybdenum(Mo) and lithium(Li) in the alloxan-induced diabetic rat diaphragm muscles were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and their superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities and malondiadehyde(MDA) contents were detected. RESULTS: The contents of Cu, Zn, Cr and Li were lower and the Fe and Cd were higher in diabetic rat diaphragm muscles than that of the control group, but there were no significant differences in Mn, Co and Mo, between control and diabetic group. SOD activities decreased significantly and MDA contents increased significantly in diaphragm of diabetic rats as compared with the control group.In addition,in diabetic rats diaphragm, there was a positive correlation between Zn and SOD, and negative correlation between Zn and MDA, and Cd and SOD. CONCLUSION: Changes of the contents of Cu, Zn, Fe, Cd, Cr, Li and the increase of oxidative stress in diaphragm were found in the early diabetes, and Zn, Cd play an importment role in oxidative stress of diabetic diaphragm.

AIM: The pathological changes in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in diabetic rat lung were investigated.METHODS: Using immunohistochemical method and imaging analysis, the changes in iNOS and VIP were observed in normal and diabetic rat lung. RESULTS: In diabetic rats, the iNOS positive or weak positive staining was localized in epithelial cells of bronchi, epithelial cells of alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and arteries, but negative in endothelial cells of vein and capillary. Image analysis showed the area, the integral absorbance(IA) and relative contents of iNOS were significant lower than that of control (P

AIM: To evaluate the changes of diaphragm contractile properties and morphologic features in experimental diabetic rats. 糤THZ]METHODS: METHODS: Diaphragm contractility was assessed by twitch kinetics, maximal tetanic force (P 0) , tension-frequency relationship and fatigue index (FI) in vitro diaphragm strip preparations of 4th week diabetic Wistar rats, and compared with that of the control group. The structure of diaphragm was analysed in diabetic rats and control with Hematoxyline and eosin staining, Heidenhain staining and enzymatic histochemistry. RESULTS: The twitch (Pt), contraction time (CT), half relaxation time (RT 1/2 ) and FI decreased significantly in diabetic group as compared with the control group. There was no difference in Po between the two groups. The tension of diabetic diaphragm at frequencies of 25,50,75,100 and 125 Hz was significantly decreased compared with that of the normal rats. After diaphragm bundles were subjected to fatiguing stimulations and incubated with aminophylline at 250 mg/L for 30 minutes, the tension of diabetic diaphragm decreased remarkably at both high and low frequencies in comparison with that of the normal rats. In addition, the activity and optical density of ?-phosphoglycerol dehydrogenase in diaphragm from diabetic rats were significantly lower than that from control rats ( P

Objective : To investigate the incidence of new HIV infection and its influencing factors among men who have sex with men ( MSM ) in China, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the AIDS control strategy. Methods : Cohort studies pertaining to new HIV infections among Chinese MSM populations were retrieved in Chinese and English electronic databases, including CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library, and the retrieval time was set to build the database until May 2021. A meta-analysis was performed to investigate the incidence of new HIV infection and its influencing factors among Chinese MSM populations. The publication bias was assessed using funnel plot and Egger's test, and the stability of outcome parameters was evaluated using sensitivity analysis. Results : A total of 850 publications were retrieved, and 43 eligible literatures ( 44 studies ) were included in the final analysis. The pooled incidence of new HIV infection was 4.93 ( 95%CI: 4.15 to 5.72) per 100 person-years among Chinese MSM populations. Egger's test showed a publication bias ( t=2.411, P=0.021). Subgroup analysis revealed high incidence of new HIV infection in east ( 5.21 per 100 person-years ), north ( 5.30 per 100 person-years ) and southwest (4.84 per 100 person-years) China, and the lowest incidence in northwest China ( 2.87 per 100 person-years ), and showed higher incidence in first-tier cities ( 5.12 per 100 person-years ) than in nonfirst-tier cities ( 3.89 per 100 person-years ). Syphilis infection ( HR=3.41 ), unprotected anal sex ( HR=2.52 ), multiple sexual partners ( HR=3.51 ), seeking sex partners in bars, public baths and parks ( HR=3.44 ), age of > 25 years ( HR=0.44 ), Han Ethnicity ( HR=0.35 ), awareness of AIDS-related knowledge ( HR=0.20 ) and provision of HIV preventive services ( HR=0.18 ) were associated with new HIV infection in Chinese MSM populations. In addition, publication bias was found in studies reporting syphilis infection ( t=4.841, P<0.001 ), unprotected anal sex ( t=4.114, P=0.006 ) and ethnicity ( t=-5.018, P=0.038 ). Conclusions The incidence of new HIV infection is high among Chinese MSM populations. Interventions targeting the factors affecting new HIV infections are required to reduce in the incidence of new HIV infections among Chinese MSM populations.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between quantity of suppurative moxibustion and its effect on allergic asthma. Methods: The patients were randomly divided into suppurative moxibustion 9 cones group, 3 cones group and 6 cones group. The biggest area, scar-losing time, suppurating time and scarring time of post-moxibustion sore, and the clinical effects of each group were observed. Results: The biggest post-moxibustion sore area of 9 cones group was bigger than 3 cones group but had no difference with 6 cones group,and scar-losing time, suppurating time and scarring time of post-moxibustion sore of each group were of no difference. The clinical effects of 9 cones were better than 3 cones group but have no difference with 6 cones group. Conclusion: The quantity of suppurative moxibustion is in close association with the effects in the treatment of allergic asthma, and eventually becomes the key factor for good results.

In order to improve bilingual teaching in clinical epidemiology,a multidimensional teaching mode with flexible method was constructed.And it was proposed that based on the student-centered learning,the content of teaching should be adjusted,English should be used logically and clinical courses and practice should be closely connected.The new teaching method was proved successful.

Objective To study the clinical effect of personalized intervention on elderly patients with colostomy after Miles operation for rectal carcinoma. Methods 114 cases elderly patients with colonic stoma after Miles operation for rectal cancer from June 2014 to January 2016 were divided into control group and observation group by random number method, 57 cases in each. The control group were treated with routine intervention, while patients in observation group was treated with personalized intervention. the self-care ability score before intervention, the incidence of complications, intervention satisfaction and life quality score were compared between the two groups at the same time. Results The total complication rate in the observation group was significantly lower than that in control group ( 5.25% vs 22.80%) (χ2 = 8.36, P = 0.000); the intervention satisfaction of the observation group was significantly higher than that in control group (91.23% vs 75.44%) (χ2 = 6.60, P = 0.010). After intervention, the self-care ability score and life quality score of observation group were significantly higher than that in control group (P < 0.01). Conclusion The personalized intervention can reduce the complications, significantly improve the patients' life quality score and self-care ability, and effectively alleviate the negative situation, improve the patients intervention satisfaction, with a higher development value, it is worth of clinical promoting.

Objective To explore the concentration of mannan-binding lectin(MBL ) of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) .Methods Serum MBL concentrations of 250 patients(case group) with HBV and 150 healthy controls(control group) were measured .Results The serum MBL concentration in case group was higher than that in control group(t=7 .097 ,P<0 .01) . The serum MBL concentration in high HBV-DNA loading group was higher than that in control group(t=7 .179 ,P<0 .01) .The serum MBL concentration in low HBV-DNA loading group was higher than that in control group(t=4 .404 ,P<0 .01) .Conclusion Detection of serum MBL in patients with HBV will be clinically useful for understanding state of an illness and observing the cur-ative effect .