In order to establish an effective qualification assessment system for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon,and then help enforce both medical care and physician medical practice level in China,a survey has been conducted.Based on a questionnaire which covered the qualification for taking the test,the test scope and content as well as test form,this paper provided information for complete test design for Chinese qualification assessment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon.

Adult ; Asymptomatic Diseases ; China ; Chondromatosis, Synovial ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Hip Joint ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Male ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

AIM:To investigate the relationship between trace elements and oxidative stress in diabetic diaphragm. METHODS: Contents of copper(Cu), manganese(Mn), zinc(Zn), iron(Fe),cadmium(Cd),chromium(Cr),cobalt(Co),molybdenum(Mo) and lithium(Li) in the alloxan-induced diabetic rat diaphragm muscles were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and their superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities and malondiadehyde(MDA) contents were detected. RESULTS: The contents of Cu, Zn, Cr and Li were lower and the Fe and Cd were higher in diabetic rat diaphragm muscles than that of the control group, but there were no significant differences in Mn, Co and Mo, between control and diabetic group. SOD activities decreased significantly and MDA contents increased significantly in diaphragm of diabetic rats as compared with the control group.In addition,in diabetic rats diaphragm, there was a positive correlation between Zn and SOD, and negative correlation between Zn and MDA, and Cd and SOD. CONCLUSION: Changes of the contents of Cu, Zn, Fe, Cd, Cr, Li and the increase of oxidative stress in diaphragm were found in the early diabetes, and Zn, Cd play an importment role in oxidative stress of diabetic diaphragm.

AIM: To evaluate the changes of diaphragm contractile properties and morphologic features in experimental diabetic rats. 糤THZ]METHODS: METHODS: Diaphragm contractility was assessed by twitch kinetics, maximal tetanic force (P 0) , tension-frequency relationship and fatigue index (FI) in vitro diaphragm strip preparations of 4th week diabetic Wistar rats, and compared with that of the control group. The structure of diaphragm was analysed in diabetic rats and control with Hematoxyline and eosin staining, Heidenhain staining and enzymatic histochemistry. RESULTS: The twitch (Pt), contraction time (CT), half relaxation time (RT 1/2 ) and FI decreased significantly in diabetic group as compared with the control group. There was no difference in Po between the two groups. The tension of diabetic diaphragm at frequencies of 25,50,75,100 and 125 Hz was significantly decreased compared with that of the normal rats. After diaphragm bundles were subjected to fatiguing stimulations and incubated with aminophylline at 250 mg/L for 30 minutes, the tension of diabetic diaphragm decreased remarkably at both high and low frequencies in comparison with that of the normal rats. In addition, the activity and optical density of ?-phosphoglycerol dehydrogenase in diaphragm from diabetic rats were significantly lower than that from control rats ( P

AIM: The pathological changes in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in diabetic rat lung were investigated.METHODS: Using immunohistochemical method and imaging analysis, the changes in iNOS and VIP were observed in normal and diabetic rat lung. RESULTS: In diabetic rats, the iNOS positive or weak positive staining was localized in epithelial cells of bronchi, epithelial cells of alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and arteries, but negative in endothelial cells of vein and capillary. Image analysis showed the area, the integral absorbance(IA) and relative contents of iNOS were significant lower than that of control (P

Objective : To investigate the incidence of new HIV infection and its influencing factors among men who have sex with men ( MSM ) in China, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the AIDS control strategy. Methods : Cohort studies pertaining to new HIV infections among Chinese MSM populations were retrieved in Chinese and English electronic databases, including CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library, and the retrieval time was set to build the database until May 2021. A meta-analysis was performed to investigate the incidence of new HIV infection and its influencing factors among Chinese MSM populations. The publication bias was assessed using funnel plot and Egger's test, and the stability of outcome parameters was evaluated using sensitivity analysis. Results : A total of 850 publications were retrieved, and 43 eligible literatures ( 44 studies ) were included in the final analysis. The pooled incidence of new HIV infection was 4.93 ( 95%CI: 4.15 to 5.72) per 100 person-years among Chinese MSM populations. Egger's test showed a publication bias ( t=2.411, P=0.021). Subgroup analysis revealed high incidence of new HIV infection in east ( 5.21 per 100 person-years ), north ( 5.30 per 100 person-years ) and southwest (4.84 per 100 person-years) China, and the lowest incidence in northwest China ( 2.87 per 100 person-years ), and showed higher incidence in first-tier cities ( 5.12 per 100 person-years ) than in nonfirst-tier cities ( 3.89 per 100 person-years ). Syphilis infection ( HR=3.41 ), unprotected anal sex ( HR=2.52 ), multiple sexual partners ( HR=3.51 ), seeking sex partners in bars, public baths and parks ( HR=3.44 ), age of > 25 years ( HR=0.44 ), Han Ethnicity ( HR=0.35 ), awareness of AIDS-related knowledge ( HR=0.20 ) and provision of HIV preventive services ( HR=0.18 ) were associated with new HIV infection in Chinese MSM populations. In addition, publication bias was found in studies reporting syphilis infection ( t=4.841, P<0.001 ), unprotected anal sex ( t=4.114, P=0.006 ) and ethnicity ( t=-5.018, P=0.038 ). Conclusions The incidence of new HIV infection is high among Chinese MSM populations. Interventions targeting the factors affecting new HIV infections are required to reduce in the incidence of new HIV infections among Chinese MSM populations.

Objective Transforming growth factor-β( TGF-β) can regulate the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP) inhibitors, thus affecting the reconstruction of extracellular matrix (ECM) after lung in-jury.So far, little is known about the regulation of TGF-β1 and MMPs/TIMPs ratio in endotoxin-induced lung injury as well as about the exact mechanisms of ECM reconstruction disorders .This study was to investigate the effects of TGF-β1 antibodies on the expressions of MMP and TIMP inhibitors and lung injury fibrosis in rats with endotoxin-induced acute lung injury . Methods Fifty-six male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups, normal (n=16), LPS (n=20), and LPS+TGF-β1(L+T, n=20).The rats of the LPS and L+T groups received intraperitoneal and intra-tracheal injection of endotoxin to induce lung injury fibrosis , the latter intrave-nously injected with TGF-β1 antibodies previously .The normal rats received intra-tracheal and intra-abdominal injection of the same a-mount of saline.At 1, 5, 9 and 14 days after modeling, all the rats were killed and blood and lung tissue samples obtained to detect the wet/dry lung tissue ( W/D ) ratio, diffuse alveolar damage ( DAD) score, hydroxyproline activity ( Hpy) , and the expressions of TGF-β1 , MMP-2 and TIMP-1. Results The DAD score, Hpy ac-tivity, and expressions of TGF-β1 , MMP-2 and TIMP-1 were signifi-cantly higher in the LPS group than in the normal control ( P <
0.05), and so were the DAD score, Hpy activity, MMP-2, and TIMP-1 in the L+T group than in the controls (P<0.05).Com-pared with the LPS group, Hpy, TGF-β1 and TIMP-1 were markedly decreased in the L +T group (P<0.05).The expression of MMP-2 was gradually increased at 1, 5 and 9 days after modeling , reaching the peak at 9 days and then beginning to decline .The Hpy activity, TGF-β1 and TIMP-1 expressions kept rising after modeling . Conclusion The MMP/TIMP imbalance and ECM reconstruc-tion disorders mediated by the TGF-β1 signaling pathway may be an important cause of fibrosis in endotoxin-induced lung injury . TGF-β1 antibodies can exert a protective effect by alleviating lung injury fibrosis .

Objective To explore the concentration of mannan-binding lectin(MBL ) of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) .Methods Serum MBL concentrations of 250 patients(case group) with HBV and 150 healthy controls(control group) were measured .Results The serum MBL concentration in case group was higher than that in control group(t=7 .097 ,P<0 .01) . The serum MBL concentration in high HBV-DNA loading group was higher than that in control group(t=7 .179 ,P<0 .01) .The serum MBL concentration in low HBV-DNA loading group was higher than that in control group(t=4 .404 ,P<0 .01) .Conclusion Detection of serum MBL in patients with HBV will be clinically useful for understanding state of an illness and observing the cur-ative effect .

Objective To investigate the effect of standardized usage of antibiotics and hand hygiene on carbapenem-re-sistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infection in neonates. Methods According to the situation of standardized management of an-tibiotics in our hospital, the study period, from January 2011 to December 2013, was divided into pre-intervention, transition and post-intervention. Retrospective study was employed to analyze the antibiotics use density (AUD), the hand hygiene compliance rate among the medical staff, the positive rate of CRE and the nosocomial infection percentage of the neonatology department. Results From pre-intervention to post-intervention period, the AUD was decreased from 12.93 DDDs to 8.10 DDDs;hand hy-giene compliance rate of medical staff was increased from 53.49%to 83.33%;the detection rate of CRE was decreased from 3.71%to 2.27%. The differences were all signiifcant among different periods (P<0.01). The nosocomial infection percentage decreased from 0.22%to 0.17%and there was no signiifcant difference (P=0.441). Conclusions Standardized usage of antibiotics and hand hygiene can be served as economical yet effective approaches to controlling CRE infection in neonates.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between quantity of suppurative moxibustion and its effect on allergic asthma. Methods: The patients were randomly divided into suppurative moxibustion 9 cones group, 3 cones group and 6 cones group. The biggest area, scar-losing time, suppurating time and scarring time of post-moxibustion sore, and the clinical effects of each group were observed. Results: The biggest post-moxibustion sore area of 9 cones group was bigger than 3 cones group but had no difference with 6 cones group,and scar-losing time, suppurating time and scarring time of post-moxibustion sore of each group were of no difference. The clinical effects of 9 cones were better than 3 cones group but have no difference with 6 cones group. Conclusion: The quantity of suppurative moxibustion is in close association with the effects in the treatment of allergic asthma, and eventually becomes the key factor for good results.