Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis requires fusion of the involved segments and decompression laminectomy because it is mechanically unstahle and usually associated with stenosis of the spinal canal. Transabdominal retroperitoneal approach through small longitudinal pararectal skin incision provides easy and safe access to L3-4 and L4-5 disc spaces with less bleeding. We thought that anterior interbody fusion enable us to restore the disc space and to reduce partially the listhesis with less hleeding and less harvest of graft hone compared to posterolateral fusion, and also without the risk of neural or dural damage which could he occurred in posterior lumbar interbody fusion 4.15.16.17). Thus, authors performed the same-day anterior and posterior spinal surgery (APSS) in 28 patients (30 disc spaces) from 1992 to 1996 and analyzed the clinical and radiological results. The most common site of involvement was L4-5 level (82.1%). The mean follow-up period was 2 years and 2 months (from l2 months to 4 years). Fusion was ohtained at 29 disc spaces (96.7%) within 24 weeks (average, I 6 weeks). The anterior displacement was corrected up to the average of 65.4% (5.8mm) postoperatively and the average of 60.7% (5.2mm) correction remained at last follow-up. The intervertebral disc space was restored up to the average of 96.9% (7.5mm) postoperatively and the average of 86.0% (6.2mm) restoration remained at last follow-up. Twenty-five out of 28 patients (89.2%) showed excellent or good clinical results hy the criteria of Kim, et al6). In conclusion, the same-day procedure of successive anterior interbody fusion, decompression laminectomy and posterior pedicular instrumentation for the degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis associated with spinal stenosis was thought to be a good method of treatment.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Decompression ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc ; Laminectomy ; Skin ; Spinal Canal ; Spinal Stenosis ; Spondylolisthesis* ; Transplants

BACKGROUND: It is reported that abnormal eating behavior is more frequent in the group of weight control than those of no control. Repeated and chronic binge eating behavior has associations with impaired work and social functioning, overconcerns with body shape and weight. The purpose of this study is to investigate the degree of abnormal eating behavior according to weight management, depression level and obesity. METHODS: From June 1999 to July 1999, we collected self record questionnaire including body mass index(BMI), Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), Eating Attitude Test(EAT) from 1292 students of one girl's high school in Seoul. Study subjects were divided by BMI, the set point was 25 kg/m2. EAT score associated with weight control, BMI, BDI, smoking and alcohol was assessed by multiple linear regression. Study subjects were also grouped by the existence of the history of weight management behavoir, then BMI, EAT score and BDI in each subgroups was assessed by t test. RESULTS: Obese students were 42, whereas those of BMI under 25 kg/m2 were 1191. BDI score ranging from 5 to 20 were 940, 21 to 63 were 179. The EAT score has significant relevance to the history of weight control, BMI, and BDI score in order. The EAT score and BMI were higher in the subjects who experienced various modes of weight control (48.41+/-14.47 vs 33.63+/-12.52 in EAT, 20.34+/-2.26 vs 18.72+/-1.89)(p<0.01). CONCLUSION: EAT score was associated with weight control, BMI and BDI. EAT score and BMI were higher in weight control samples.
Bulimia ; Depression* ; Eating ; Feeding and Eating Disorders ; Feeding Behavior ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Obesity ; Seoul ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II* ; Nitric Oxide* ; Porphyromonas gingivalis* ; Porphyromonas*

OBJECTIVES: Schizophrenic patients have been reported to be associated with abnormal performance on a broad range of neuropsychological tests. But it has been a persistent controversy in the neuropsychology of schizophrenia whether this disorder is characterized by generalized deficits or specific deficits. The purpose of this study was to investigate, using standardized Benton Neuropsychological Assessment(BNA), whether the specific pattern of neurocognitive deficits is found in schizophrenics. METHODS: The subjects were composed of (1) 30 schizophrenic inpatients who were diagnosed as paranoid subtype according to DSM-IV diagnostic criterior and (2) 30 normal subjects with matching demographic variables(i.e. age, sex, educational level). All tests of BNA were given to schizophrenic patients and normal subjects, and the performances of schizophrenic patients and normal subjects were compared on all aspects of BNA. Schizophrenic symptoms were assessed via Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS) to determine the relationship between clinical symptoms and schizophrenic cognitive deficits. RESULTS: Of 12 tests of BNA, schizophrenic patients' performances on Serial Digit Learning(SDL), Facial Recognition Test(FR), Tactile Form Perception(TFP), Finger Localization(FL) were significantly lower than those of normal subjects. In addition, schizophrenic patients showed significantly lower performances than those of normal subjects on Right Hand, Left Hand, Identification of two simultaneously touched fingers of FL, and more Peripheral Error on Visual Form Perception Test(VFPT). Finally, no significant correlation was found with respect to the relationships between total scores, positive symptom scores, negative symptom scores of PANSS, and all scores of BNA tests in schizophrenic patients. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that schizophrenic patients may have a specific pattern of neurocognitive deficits in verbal working memory, learning, attention, and complex sensory information processing in visual and haptic modality such as facial perception skills, tactile information processing, independent of psychotic symptoms. The pattern of deifcits is at least in partial, in agreement with many previous study results. On the tests of linguistic functions, visuospatial perception, and constructional abilities, schizophrenic patients' performances were not significantly different from those of normal subjects. The findings on visuospatial perception and constructional abilities imply that some posterior cortical zones may be relatively uncompromised in schizophrenia. Both poor performances on object recognition tests relative to normal performances on object location tests and verbal working memory dysfunction may be associated with the putative dysfunction of the reciprocal connections either (1) between the prefrontal and parietal cortex or (2) between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampal formation. This tentative explanation remains to be confirmed.
Automatic Data Processing ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Fingers ; Form Perception ; Hand ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Learning ; Linguistics ; Memory, Short-Term ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Neuropsychology ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Rabeprazole ; Schizophrenia*

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are essential fatty acids because humans cannot synthesize them de novo and must obtain them in their diet. Fish and fish oil are rich sources of omega-3 fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Significant evidence of the beneficial role of dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids in blood flow has been reported and putative mechanisms for improvement of blood flow include anti-thrombotic effects, lowered blood pressure, improved endothelial function, and anti-atherogenic effects. Edible oils containing omega-3 fatty acids were registered as functional ingredients in the Korea Health Functional Food Code. Although omega-3 fatty acids have been evaluated by the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) based on scientific evidence, periodic re-evaluation may be needed because emerging data related to omega-3 fatty acids have accumulated. Therefore, in this study, we re-evaluated scientific evidence for the effect of omega-3 fatty acids as a functional ingredient in health functional food on improvement of blood flow. A comprehensive literature search was conducted for collection of relevant human studies using the Medline and Cochrane, KISS, and IBIDS databases for the years 1955-2012. Search keywords were used by combination of terms related to omega-3 fatty acids and blood flow. The search was limited to human studies published in Korean, English, and Japanese. Using the KFDA's evidence based evaluation system for scientific evaluation of health claims, 112 human studies were identified and reviewed in order to evaluate the strength of the evidence supporting a relation between omega-3 fatty acids and blood flow. Among 112 studies, significant effects on improvement of blood flow were reported in 84 studies and the daily intake amount was ranged from 0.1 to 15 g. According to this methodology of systematic review, we concluded that there was possible evidence to support a relation between omega-3 fatty acid intake and blood flow. However, because inconsistent results have recently been reported, future studies should be monitored.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Blood Pressure ; Diet ; Eicosapentaenoic Acid ; Fatty Acids, Essential ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ; Functional Food ; Humans ; Korea ; Oils ; United States Food and Drug Administration

PURPOSE: Ginger (Zingiber officinale) has been widely used as an antiemetic agent. This systematic review was aimed at evaluation of the effect of dried ginger powder supplementation on improvement of nausea and vomiting associated with early pregnancy or motion sickness. METHODS: We searched Pubmed, Cochrane, Science Direct, and KISS (Korean studies Information Service System) using keywords such as ginger or Zingiber officinale in combination with nausea, vomiting, motion sickness, or pregnancy, published in March 2013. RESULTS: The strength of the evidence was evaluated on the selected 12 RCTs (randomized controlled trials). Eleven trials including 2,630 subjects showed that supplementation with dried ginger powder resulted in significant improvement of nausea or vomiting related to early pregnancy or motion sickness. Among the nine studies including 809 women in early pregnancy before 20 weeks of gestation, ginger supplementation was superior to placebo in five studies (n = 305), and as effective as positive control (vitamin B6 or dimenhydrinate) in four studies (n = 504). Ginger intake significantly reduced the episodes or severity of vomiting related to motion sickness compared to placebo or showed the same effect as several antiemetic drugs in two studies (n = 1,821). CONCLUSION: Our findings added evidence indicating that ginger powder supplements might improve the symptoms of nausea or vomiting related to early pregnancy or motion sickness without significant adverse events.
Antiemetics ; Female ; Ginger* ; Humans ; Information Services ; Morning Sickness ; Motion Sickness* ; Nausea* ; Pregnancy* ; Vomiting*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the significant factors for risk estimate of aspiration and to evaluate the efficiency of the dysphagia assessment tool. METHODS: A consecutive series of 210 stroke patients with aspiration symptoms such as cough and dysphagia who had soft or regular diet without tube feeding were examined. The dysphagia assessment tool for aspiration was compared with videofluoroscopy using Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis. RESULTS: In CART analysis, of 34 factors, the significant factors for estimating risk of aspiration were cough during swallowing, oral stasis, facial symmetry, salivary drooling, and cough after swallowing. The risk estimate error of the revised dysphagia assessment tool was 25.2%, equal to that of videofluoroscopy. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the dysphagia assessment tool developed and examined in this study was potentially useful in the clinical field and the primary risk estimating factor was cough during swallowing. Oral stasis, facial symmetry, salivary drooling, cough after swallowing were other significant factors, and based on these results, the dysphagia assessment tool for aspiration was revised and complemented.
Adult ; Aged ; Cough ; Deglutition ; Deglutition Disorders/complications/*diagnosis ; Facial Asymmetry ; Female ; Fluoroscopy/methods ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Assessment ; Stroke/*complications/radiography/therapy

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical efficacy between nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and acetaminophen in knee osteoarthritis according to ultrasonographic findings. METHODS: We administered 12 mg of NSAIDs (lornoxicam) plus misoprostol 300microgram or 1,950 mg of acetaminophen in 40 randomly selected patients who fulfilled the ACR criteria for knee osteoarthritis. The effectiveness of these drugs on osteoarthritis was assessed by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score. In addition, we performed ultrasonography of the knee joints and assessed length of capsular distension, length of medial and lateral osteophyte, amount of joint effusion, and the presence of synovial proliferation. RESULTS: There were significant correlations between WOMAC score and length of capsular distension and length of medial/lateral osteophyte. At 6 weeks, both lornoxicam and acetaminophen-treated patients had significant lower levels of WOMAC score compared to the entry into the trial (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). As compared the clinical efficacy between the two groups, the lornoxicam-treated patients showed a greater decrease in WOMAC score than patients treated with acetaminophen (p=0.026). When we further divided the patients into the subgroups according to the sonographic severity, the patients with severe capsular distension (> or =0.7 cm) or severe medial osteophyte (length of osteophytes > or =0.4 cm) showed better responses to lornoxicam than to acetaminophen in terms of the reduction of WOMAC score (p=0.008 for severe capsular distension, p=0.03 for severe medial osteophyte). However, in the subgroup with mild forms of capsular distension (<0.7 cm) or medial osteophytes (<0.4 cm), no difference was found in the reduction of WOMAC score 6 weeks after treatment with lornoxicam versus acetaminophen. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee had significantly greater improvements in pain score over 6 weeks with lornoxicam than with acetaminophen, particularly in patients with severe forms of capsular distension and medial osteophyte on joint ultrasonography. Ultrasonography could be an useful tool to determine the usage of NSAIDs versus acetaminophen in knee osteoarthritis patients.
Acetaminophen* ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; Humans ; Joints ; Knee Joint ; Knee* ; Misoprostol ; Ontario ; Osteoarthritis ; Osteoarthritis, Knee* ; Osteophyte ; Ultrasonography

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Although preclinical studies suggest that garlic has potential preventive effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, clinical trials and reports from systematic reviews or meta-analyses present inconsistent results. The contradiction might be attributed to variations in the manufacturing process that can markedly influence the composition of garlic products. To investigate this issue further, we performed a meta-analysis of the effects of garlic powder on CVD risk factors. MATERIALS/METHODS: We searched PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct and EMBASE through May 2014. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed on 22 trials reporting total cholesterol (TC), 17 trials reporting LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), 18 trials reporting HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), 4 trials reporting fasting blood glucose (FBG), 9 trials reporting systolic blood pressure (SBP) and 10 trials reporting diastolic blood pressure (DBP). RESULTS: The overall garlic powder intake significantly reduced blood TC and LDL-C by -0.41 mmol/L (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.69, -0.12) (-15.83 mg/dL [95% CI, -26.64, -4.63]) and -0.21 mmol/L (95% CI, -0.40, -0.03) (-8.11 mg/dL [95% CI, -15.44, -1.16]), respectively. The mean difference in the reduction of FBG levels was -0.96 mmol/L (95% CI, -1.91, -0.01) (-17.30 mg/dL [95% CI, -34.41, -0.18]). Evidence for SBP and DBP reduction in the garlic supplementation group was also demonstrated by decreases of -4.34 mmHg (95% CI, -8.38, -0.29) and -2.36 mmHg (95% CI, -4.56, -0.15), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis provides consistent evidence that garlic powder intake reduces the CVD risk factors of TC, LDL-C, FBG and BP.
Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Fasting ; Garlic* ; Risk Factors*

Although the functional ingredient has been evaluated by the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) based on scientific evidence, the levels of scientific evidence and consistency of the results might vary according to emerging data. Therefore, periodic re-evaluation may be needed for some functional ingredients. In this study, we re-evaluated scientific evidence for the antioxidant activity of coenzyme Q10 as a functional ingredient in health functional food. Literature searches were conducted using the Medline and Cochrane, KISS, and IBIDS databases for the years 1955-2010 with the search term of coenzyme Q10 in combination with antioxidant. The search was limited to human studies published in Korean, English, and Japanese. Using the KFDA's evidence based evaluation system for scientific evaluation of health claims, 33 human studies were identified and reviewed in order to evaluate the strength of the evidence supporting a relation between coenzyme Q10 and antioxidant activity. Among 33 studies, significant effects for antioxidant activities were reported in 22 studies and their daily intake amount was 60 to 300 mg. Based on this systematic review, we concluded that there was possible evidence to support a relation between coenzyme Q10 intake and antioxidant activities. However, because inconsistent results have recently been reported, future studies should be monitored.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Functional Food ; Humans ; Korea ; Ubiquinone ; United States Food and Drug Administration