This stydy was undertaken to examine the extent to which tooth size and jaw size each contribute to dental crowding. Two groups of dental casts were selected on the basis of dental crowding. One group, consisting of 94 pairs of dental casts (46 males and 48 females) with normal occlusion. A second group, consisting of 84 pairs of dental casts (38 males and 46 females) with crowding. The result were as follows. 1. Mcans and standard deviations of the two groups were used to compare the two groups. 2. Significant differences were observed between two groups on the basis of tooth size, arch dimension and arch perimeter. 3. Between noncrowded group and crowded group, the crowded group was found to have large tooth size than noncrowded group, while smaller arch dimension and perimeter. 4. Significant differences were observed between male and females on the basis of tooth size, arch dimension and arch perimeter. 5. Author found ideal arch shape of normal occlusion.
Female ; Humans ; Jaw ; Male ; Malocclusion ; Statistics as Topic* ; Tooth*

The mechanical properties of Cr-Ni alloy of austenitic stainless steel and Co-Cr alloy orthodontic wires were studied in tension. The wires (0.018 inch) were tested in the as-manufactured and heat-treated conditions. Instron type tension testing machine was used for this study. Mean values and standard deviations were computed. The results were as follows; 1. The Cr-Ni orthodontic wires of austenitic stainless steel are generally superior than the Co-Cr orthodontic wires in ultimate tensile strength, In the elongation, however, Co-Cr orthodontic wire and superior than Cr-Ni orthodontic wires. 2. Increase in the degree of strength by heat treatment are more clearly shown in Co-Cr orthodontic wires than Cr-Ni orthodontic wires. And the elongation is decreased by heat treatment in both case. 3. The changes of the degree of strength by cooling method are not clearly shown, but in Cr-Ni orthodontic wires, air cooling are more effectice, in Co-Cr orthodontic wires, cooling effect are scarcely shown.
Alloys ; Hot Temperature ; Orthodontic Wires* ; Stainless Steel ; Tensile Strength

Stomatognathic system is a complex one that is composed of TMJ, neuromuscular system, teeth and connective tissue, and all its components are doing their parts to maintain their physiological relationships. Mandible, in particular, performs various functions such as mastication, speech, and deglutition, the muscular activities that determine such functions are signalled by numerous types of proprioceptors that exist in periodontal membrane, TMJ, and muscles to be controlled by complicated pathways and mechanics of peripheral and central nervous system. Orthodontic treatment, especially when accompanied by orthognathic surgery, brings dramatic changes of stornatognat is system such as intraoral proprioceptors and muscle activities and thus, changes in patterns of mandibular function result The author tried to analyze changes in patterns of mandibular movement and physiologic activities of surrounding muscles in Skeletal Class III ortlrognathic surgery patients who presently show a great increase in numbers. The purpose of this study was to draw some objective guidelines in evaluating funclierual aspects of orthognathic surgery patients. Mandibular functional analysis using Biopak was performed for skeletal Class III prognathic patients who underwent IVRO(lntraoral Vertical Ramus Osteotmy), and the following results were obtained: 1. Resting EMG was greater in pre-surgical group than the control group, and it showed gradual decrease after the surgery. Clenching EMG of masseter and anterior temporalis of pre-surgical group was smaller than those of control group, they also increased post-surgically, and significant difference was found between pre-surgical and post-surgical(6 months) groups. 2. Resting EMG of anterior ternporalis was greater than that of all the other muscles, but there was no significant difference. Clenching EMG of anterior temporalis and masseter were greater than those of the other muscles with statistical difference. In swallowing, digastric muscle showed the highest EMG with statistical significance. 3. Limited range of mandibular movement was shown in pre-surgical group. Significant increase in maximum mouth opening was observed six months post-surgically, and significant increase in protrusive movement was observed three months post-surgically
Central Nervous System ; Connective Tissue ; Deglutition ; Humans ; Mandible ; Mastication ; Mechanics ; Membranes ; Mouth ; Muscles ; Orthognathic Surgery ; Osteotomy* ; Stomatognathic System ; Temporomandibular Joint ; Tooth

OBJECTIVE: To gain basic information regarding the biologic stability of plasma ion-implanted miniscrews and their potential clinical applications. METHODS: Sixteen plasma ion-implanted and 16 sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) miniscrews were bilaterally inserted in the mandibles of 4 beagles (2 miniscrews of each type per quadrant). Then, 250 - 300 gm of force from Ni-Ti coil springs was applied for 2 different periods: 12 weeks on one side and 3 weeks contralaterally. Thereafter, the animals were sacrificed and mandibular specimens including the miniscrews were collected. The insertion torque and mobility were compared between the groups. The bone-implant contact and bone volume ratio were calculated within 800 microm of the miniscrews and compared between the loading periods. The number of osteoblasts was also quantified. The measurements were expressed as percentages and analyzed by independent t-tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS: No significant differences in any of the analyzed parameters were noted between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: The preliminary findings indicate that plasma ion-implanted miniscrews have similar biologic characteristics to SLA miniscrews in terms of insertion torque, mobility, bone-implant contact rate, and bone volume rate.
Animals ; Mandible ; Nickel ; Osteoblasts ; Plasma ; Population Characteristics ; Titanium ; Torque

No abstract available.
Heart* ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

BACKGROUND: Doppler myocardial performance index (DMPI), defined as the sum of isovolumetric contraction time (IVCT) and isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT) divided by ejection time (ET), is an easily measurable index which has been shown to reflect the severity of the disease. It has been known each component of DMPI, as IVCT, IVRT and ET, was affected by the change of preload. Therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate the changes of DMPI during intravascular volume reduction in patients with end-stage renal disease and to determine which components of DMPI contribute to DMPI alteration during intravacular volume reduction. METHODS: We measured blood pressure, heart rate, M-mode echocardiographic and Doppler parameters within 10 minutes before and after hemodialysis and ultrafitration with amount of average 2 L. RESULTS: We studied 40 end-stage renal disease patients (22 men and 18 women, mean age of 52 years) who had left ventricular hypertrophy 39 (97.5%) and normal left ventricular systolic function (diastolic interventricular septal thickness, 13.8+/-2 mm; diastolic left ventricular posterior wall thickness, 12.6+/-2 mm; Ejection fraction, 63.1+/-0.1%). Peak E-wave velocity was significantly decreased after hemodialysis and ultrafiltration (84.85+/-25 cm/s vs 72.89+/-23 cm/s, p<0.05), but other Doppler parameters such as peak A-wave velocity and E deceleration time were not changed. E/A ratio showed decreased tendency which was not significant statistically (p<0.097). DMPI was significantly increased after hemodialysis and ultrafiltration (0.41+/-0.14 vs 0.45+/-0.15, p<0.001). The increase of DMPI was mainly affected by prolongation of IVRT/ET which was due to prolonged IVRT, but IVCT/ET was not changed. The changes of DMPI was little with hemodialysis and ultrafiltration of about 2 L. CONCLUSION: We could prove that DMPI was preload dependent parameter of myocardial function. We suggest the change of preload should be considered as an important factor which may alter the DMPI.
Blood Pressure ; Deceleration ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Male ; Relaxation ; Renal Dialysis* ; Ultrafiltration* ; Ventricular Function, Left*

Esophageal candidiasis is the most common disease among all candida infections of the gastrointestinal tract, and generally develops in immunocompromised patients. The prevalence of esophageal candidiasis has increased in patients undergoing antibiotic therapy, diabetes, adrenal dysfunction, alcohol intoxication, old age, esophageal injury, esophageal stasis, gastric surgery, and acid suppressive therapy. However, the overall prevalence is not higher than that of immunocompromised patients. Gastric candidiasis is uncommon because of the strong acidity of the gastric juices. The most common clinical setting for gastric candidiasis is in patients with neoplastic disease. However, there are some case reports suggesting an increase in the prevalence of gastric candidiasis after gastric ulcer therapy with surgery or acid suppressive agents. Delayed gastric emptying, increased intragastric pH, and reflux of the duodenal contents into the stomach are factors indicative of the pathophysiology of gastric candidiasis after gastric surgery. We encountered a case of aggravated esophageal candidiasis and the formation of a gastric yeast bezoar following a gastric outlet obstruction due to a duodenal stenosis. We herein report this case along with an overview of the relevant literature.
Bezoars* ; Candida ; Candidiasis* ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Gastric Emptying ; Gastric Juice ; Gastric Outlet Obstruction* ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Gastroparesis ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Immunocompromised Host ; Prevalence ; Stomach ; Stomach Ulcer ; Yeasts*

Technical developments have made laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) surgery increasingly more feasible for treating gynecological conditions, including cancer. However, complex surgeries such as radical hysterectomy have rarely been performed with single-port access because of technical difficulties. The majority of the difficulties are due to the inefficient retraction of tissue during dissection. Here, we report a detailed description of LESS radical hysterectomy plus pelvic lymph node dissection that was successfully performed in two patients with stage IB1 cervical cancer. We used our expertise with LESS to perform space development as much as possible before the ligaments were resected. The oncologic clearance was comparable to that of conventional laparoscopic radical hysterectomy.
Humans ; Hysterectomy* ; Ligaments ; Lymph Node Excision ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

BACKGROUND: A single-arm phase II study of neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus durvalumab and tremelimumab in the treatment of advanced-stage ovarian cancer has begun in Korea. We hypothesized that adding durvalumab (anti-programmed death-ligand 1 antibody) and tremelimumab (anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 antibody) to chemotherapy in treating this cancer can increase progression-free survival (PFS) with minimal effects on safety. METHODS: During treatment, serial biopsies will be performed on pre-treatment, at interval debulking surgery and progression to identify immune biomarkers and changes in the tumor microenvironment. Patients with histologically confirmed stage IIIC/IV epithelial ovarian cancer are offered durvalumab, tremelimumab plus chemotherapy for neoadjuvant chemotherapy and durvalumab plus chemotherapy for adjuvant chemotherapy. Twenty-four patients will be included from four Korean institutions within 1 year. The primary endpoint is a 12-month PFS rate. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03899610
Biomarkers ; Biopsy ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Korea ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Tumor Microenvironment

METHODS: The efficiency of electroporation-based delivery of AsCpf1/mRNA and AsCpf1/RNP to target exon 3 of leukemia inhibitory factor (Lif) into mouse zygotes was evaluated. Embryos that developed to the two-cell stage after zygote electroporation were transferred into the oviducts of surrogate mothers to produce AsCpf1-mediated LIF KO mice. The genome editing efficiency of blastocysts and pups was tested using the T7E1 assay and/or DNA sequencing. Congenital abnormalities and reproductive phenotypes in LIF KO mice produced by electroporation with AsCpf1/RNP were examined. RESULTS: Survival and two-cell development of electroporated zygotes were comparable between the AsCpf1/mRNA and AsCpf1/RNP groups, whereas genome editing efficiency was relatively higher in the AsCpf1/RNP group (13.3% vs 18.1% at blastocyst and 33.3% vs 45.5% at offspring), respectively. Two mouse lines with a frameshift mutation in exon 3 of the Lif gene were established from the AsCpf1/RNP group. All congenital abnormalities of LIF KO mice produced by AsCpf1/RNP electroporation were observed. AsCpf1-mediated LIF KO mice showed postnatal growth retardation and implantation failure, both of which are major phenotypes of LIF KO mice generated by conventional gene targeting. CONCLUSION Electroporation of AsCpf1/RNP at the zygote stage is an efficient genome editing method to produce KO mice.