Leu-enkphalin-like(L-ENK-L)neurons of the hypothalamus and its adjacentarea of the rat were stained immunohistochemically.It has been found that besidesthe area previously reported in the literature L-ENK-L neurons are also present inSFO and the ependyma of the third ventricle.By combining WGA-HRP retrogradetracing and immunohistochemical method,L-ENK-L neurons in supraoptic nucleus,paraventricular nucleus,periventricular area and anterior fornical nucleus were foundto project to the posterior pituitary,in which some neurons squeeze in between theependymal cells.The subependymal neurons may serve as a link between the ven-tricle and the posterior pituitary.

PAP and ABC methods have been used to detect the Oxytocin-like (OXT-L) neurons in the hypothalamus of the rat and the results obtained were compared with the CT-HRP retrograde tracing study from the posterior pituitary to the hypothalamus by Ju et al. It was verified that the projections to the posterior pituitary came from the supraoptic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, anterior and posterior fornical nucleus, perivascular cell groups, preoptic and anterior hypothalamic areas, the dorsal accessory cell groups, and the periventricular area, especially forming subependymal plexuses along the lateral wall of the third ventricle and beneath the interventricular foramen. By combining WGA-HRP retrograde tracing and immunohistochemistry methods, OXT-L neurons in all the above listed nuclei or cell groups were found to project to the posterior pituitary. The subependymal plexuses may serve as a link between the CSF in the ventricles and the posterior pituitary.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Chest Pain ; therapy ; Exercise Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Objective: To explore the influence of early partial body weight support treadmill training (PBWSTT) on motor function of lower extremities, walking ability and activities of daily living (ADL) in patients with hemiplegia after stroke. Methods: One hundred twenty-eight patients with stable stroke (hemiplegic limbs Brunstrom's scale ≥ II) within 3 months after the onset were enrolled in the study. They were randomly allocated into PBWSTT group (n = 67) and control group (n = 61). Conventional treatment techniques were used in rehabilitation training in the control group, and the PBWSTT group received PBWSTT in addition to the same training in the control group. The Functional Ambulation Category (FAC) scale, Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) scale and the Functional Independence Measurement (FIM) scale were used to assess the walking ability, motor function of lower extremities, and ADL 4 weeks before and after the treatment in both groups. Results: The FAC, FMA and FIM scores were 0.42 ± 0.23, 17.1 ± 5.2 and 35.3 ± 3.8, respectively before the treatment; and they were 2.5 ± 1.3 23.6 ± 7.3 and 67.9 ± 9.2, respectively after the treatment in the control group, there were significant difference between them (P < 0.05). The FAC, FMA and FIM scores were 0.36 ± 0.13, 16.7 ± 6.2 and 35.1 ± 3.4, respectively before the treatment; and they were 3.8 ± 1.4, 39.3 ± 7.6, and 90.1 ± 10.0, respectively after the treatment in the PBWSTT group. There were significant differences before and after the treatment (P < 0.01). The FAC score versus FMA score in both groups were P < 0.01, and the FIM score was P < 0.05 after the treatment. The patients who could walk independently were 42.6% and 55.7% (P < 0.05) in the control group, and were 32.8% and 83.5% (P < 0.01) in the PBWSTT group before and after the treatment. There were significant differences between the control group and the PBWSTT group after the treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusion: On the basis of conventional rehabilitation training, early PBWSTT may improve the motor function of lower extremities, walking ability, and ADL more significantly in stroke patients with hemiplegia.

Objective　To observe the change of lipidemia and lipoprotein in wistar rats with fluorosis.Methods　14 wistar rats were fed normal food with hyper concentration of NaF water (100 mg/L) for six months,the TC,TG,HDL-c,LDL-c,APO AI APO B and AI,R-CHE were measured in serum.Results　The result show that there are an increace of T C,TG,HDL-c,LDL-c,APO AI，APO B and AI,R-CHD compared with normal rats (P <0.05).Conclusions　The result indicate that the fluorosis can increase the lipidemia and lipoprotein in rats with fluorosis and lead to athero selerosis.

Objective To investigate the influence of biological rhythm on labor pain,epidural analgesia and delivery mode in parturients.Methods In this retrospective cohort study,3 571 Chinese nulliparas with term singleton cephalic pregnancy who were preparing to deliver vaginally and receive epidural analgesia,were included.Parturients were divided into four groups according to the beginning time of analgesia,i.e.,morning group (7:01 to 13:00,n=955),afternoon group (13:01 to 19:00,n=1 159),evening group (19:01 to 1:00,n=763),and night group (1:00 to 7:00,n=694).Pain scores were assessed using a numeric rating scale (NRS) before and after epidural analgesia.Delivery mode,incidence of adverse events and neonatal outcomes were also compared among the four groups with monovariance analysis,LSD,Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test,Bonferroni,General Linear Model (GLM) and Logistic regression analysis.Results (1) The NRS pain scores of morning,afternoon,evening and night groups before analgesia were 8.6± 1.0,8.8± 1.0,8.9± 1.0 and 8.7± 1.0,respectively.After adjusted by GLM,the NRS pain scores of the four groups were 8.6±0.0,8.8 ± 0.0,8.9±0.0 and 8.7±0.0,respectively.Univariate and multivariable analyses showed that pain scores before analgesia were higher in afternoon group than in morning group (P＜0.01),and they were significantly higher in evening group than in morning and night groups (all P＜0.05).(2) At 10 and 30 minutes after epidural analgesia,the NRS pain scores of the four groups were 4.3± 1.0 and 1.8±0.9,4.8± 1.0 and 2.1 ±0.9,4.9± 1.1 and 2.2± 1.0,and 4.4± l.l and 1.8± 1.0,respectively,which were also significantly higher in afternoon and evening groups than in morning and night groups (all P ＜ 0.01 or 0.05) ; and the proportions of analgesia satisfaction (NRS pain score ≤ 3) were 19.7％ (188/955) vs 97.4％ (930/955),11.6％ (134/1 159) vs96.0％ (1 113/1 159),11.3％ (84/743) vs95.2％ (707/743),18.7％ (130/694) vs 95.6％ (670/694),respectively,which were significantly lower in afternoon and evening groups than in morning and night groups (all P＜0.01 or 0.05).(3) Delivery mode,incidence of adverse events and neonatal outcomes were similar among the four groups.Conclusions More severe labor pain before analgesia occur in parturients who receive epidural analgesia in the afternoon and at night,and less efficient analgesia and a lower rate of satisfaction are observed at 10 and 30 minutes after analgesia.However,delivery mode,neonatal outcomes and incidence of adverse events are not influenced by biological rhythm.

Objective To study the screening value of color doppler flow imaging (CDFI) for gastroesophageal reflux(GER).Methods Through the window of left lobe liver, the abdominal esophageal length,the phenomenon of GER and the frequency of GER were detected by CDFI in 55 children with GER and 55 control group.Results Abdominal esophagus was identified by CDFI in every children. The abdominal esophageal length was shorter in refluxers than that in control group. A significant correlation was found between its length and the age of control group.To diagnose GER with CDFI ,its accuracy was 98.18%,and its specificity was 76.36%.Conclusions Visualization and measurements of the abdominal esophagus are readily achieved with CDFI in children.Abdominal esophageal length is shorter in refluxers than that in control group. CDFI is a rapid method of screening GER.

Objective To study whether gastric liquid emptying is delayed in children with gastroesophageal reflux and its clinical significance. Methods At different times after meal, the gastric antral diameters were measured by real - time ultrasonography in 55 children with gastroesophageal reflux and 55 controls. Results At 20 min,60 min after meal , there was a significant difference in gastric emptying rate between case groups and control groups, respectively(P

Objective To investigate the effects of A3 adenosine receptor ( A3AR) agonist on lung injury after cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB) in rabbits. Methods Twenty-four rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups, with 8 in each group. Rabbits in control group only received CPB, those in agonist group were given selective A3AR agonist IB-MECA intravenously 15 min before aorta clamp, and those in agonist + antagonist group were managed with selective A3AR receptor antagonist MRS-1191 intravenously before IB-MECA infusion. After CPB, serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α ( TNF-α) and interleukin-8 ( IL-8), concentrations of malondialdehyde ( MDA) and myeloperoxidase ( MPO) in lung tissues, lung wet/dry weight ratio ( W/D), lung function related indexes of PaO_2/FiO_2, airway pressure (AWP) and pulmonary vascular resistance ( PVR), and histological changes of lung tissues were observed. Results Concentrations of serum TNF-a and IL-8 were significantly lower in agonist group than in control group and agonist + antagonist group (P <0.05). Compared with control group and agonist + antagonist group, W/D was much smaller, and concentrations of MDA and MPO were significantly lower in agonist group after CPB (P <0.05). PaO_2/FiO_2 was significantly higher, while AWP and PVR were significantly lower in agonist group than in control group and agonist + antagonist group (P <0.05). It was revealed by histological examinations that the pathological changes were less severe in agonist group than in control group and agonist + antagonist group. Conclusion A3AR agonist IB-MECA can reduce lung injury after CPB.

It is particularly important for telediagnosis to transmit diagnostic video in real time. Firstly, we introduce image compression, multithread and multicast technology, then a solution is provided for the real-time video transmission system based on TCP/IP LAN.
Computer Communication Networks ; Data Compression ; methods ; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted ; Equipment Design ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Software ; Telemedicine ; instrumentation ; trends ; Video Recording ; instrumentation