Suppurative sialadenitis is rare in the neonate and usually involves the parotid glands. Isolated suppurative submandibular sialadenitis in the neonatal population is extremely rare. There are only 11 cases found in the literature of suppurative submandibular sialadenitis occurring as an isolated lesion. We describe a case of isolated submandibular sialadenitis progressing to submandibular abscess requiring incision and drainage in a term neonate. Pus culture yielded methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). A brief review of literature is included.
Abscess* ; Drainage ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Parotid Gland ; Sialadenitis ; Suppuration

Epidermal nevi are benign congenital hamartomas derived from the embryonal ectoderm. They may also be associated with anomalies of musculoskeletal, nervous, ocular, and rarely cardiovascular and urogenital system in an epidermal nevus syndrome. To find out these abnormalities, careful history taking, thorough physical evaluation, and long-term follow-up are advisable in a patient with wide spread epidermal nevus. We report a case of diffuse epidermal nevi involving the scalp, face, trunk, and limbs in a newborn.
Ectoderm ; Extremities ; Hamartoma ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Nevus* ; Scalp ; Urogenital System

Constitutional interstitial deletions of 5q are rare conditions and phenotypic correlations are not well defined in the literature. We report a case of a male infant with constitutional interstitial deletion 5q15q22. The infant showed hypertelorism, cleft palate and bilateral undescended testis. He also had atrial septal defect and small patent ductus arteriosus, and showed no response in brain stem audoimetry. Our report gives weight to the previously reported cases that karyotype-phenotype correlation may be speculated in 5q deletion.
Brain Stem ; Cleft Palate ; Cryptorchidism ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; Humans ; Hypertelorism ; Infant ; Male

PURPOSE: We sought to know the effect of hyperbilirubinemia on brainstem auditory evoked response in newborn piglets. METHODS: To achieve the concentration of bilirubin above 20 mg/dL, we injected a bolus of 50 mg/kg of bilirubin intravenously over 30 minutes, followed by 30-40 mg/kg/ hr of bilirubin continuous intravenous infusion to 10 newborn piglets. Brainstem auditory evoked responses were obtained from these piglets at baseline, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours and 4 hours after the exposure to hyperbilirubinemia. RESULTS: The mean amplitude of wave V was 0.33+/-0.03 microV at baseline, 0.32+/-0.04 microV at 1 hour, 0.33+/-0.05 microV at 2 hours, 0.23+/-0.04 microV at 3 hours and 0.26+/-0.05 microV at 4 hours of experiment and began to decrease after 3 hours of the exposure to hyperbilirubinemia. The latency of wave III was 4.06+/-0.08 ms at baseline, 3.95+/-0.09 ms at 1 hour, 4.05+/-0.10 ms at 2 hours, 4.05+/-0.09 ms at 3 hours, 4.12+/-0.11 ms at 4 hours of experiment and began to increase after 1 hour of the exposure to hyperbilirubinemia. CONCLUSION: Hyperbilirubinemia decreased the amplitude of wave V and increased the latency of wave III of brainstem auditory evoked responses in newborn piglets.
Bilirubin ; Brain Stem* ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory* ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia* ; Infant, Newborn* ; Infusions, Intravenous

PURPOSE: We sought to quantitate the cytotoxicity of bilirubin for neuronal cells at various concentrations of bilirubin and at various [bilirubin]/[albumin] ratio. METHODS: Mouse cerebral cortical cells were obtained from 15 day-old mouse fetal cerebral cortex primary culture. Cerebral cortical cells were exposed to medium containing various concentrations of bilirubin and [bilirubin]/[albumin] ratios for 4 hours. Then, the bilirubin cytotoxicity for cerebral cortical cells was quantitated by the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released from cerebral cortical cells into the culture media and the viability of cerebral cortical cells was quantitated by MTT (3-[4, 5 dimethylthiazol-y-yl]-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) activity measured 4 hours after the addition of MTT labeling reagent to the cell compartment. RESULTS: At a constant [bilirubin]/[albumin] ratio of 3: 1, the increasing concentration of bilirubin (50microM, 75microM, 100microM, 150microM) resulted in proportionally increased cytotoxicity (18+/-2%, 33+/-1%, 44+/-2%, 66+/-4%, respectively). At a constant bilirubin concentration of 86microM, the increasing [bilirubin]/[albumin] ratio (1: 3, 3: 1) also resulted in proportionally increased cytotoxicity (10+/-1%, 58+/-1%, respectively) and proportionally decreased viability (83+/-1%, 65+/-2%, respectively). CONCLUSION: Not only the concentration of bilirubin, but also the [bilirubin]/[albumin] ratio may be important for the cerebral cortial cell injury by bilirubin.
Animals ; Bilirubin* ; Cell Culture Techniques* ; Cerebral Cortex ; Culture Media ; Hyperbilirubinemia ; Kernicterus ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; Mice* ; Neurons

PURPOSE: Among many pathophysiologic mechanisms of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause or contribute to brain damage relates to their ability to attack the fatty acid moiety of plasma and subcellular membranes. Because ROS are generated by hypoxia-ischemia especially during reperfusion period of recovery, repetitive hypoxia-reoxygenation in newborn brain may result in more severe damage than a similar single insult. It is to determine whether repetitive hypoxia-reoxygenation may produce more ROS than a similar single insult in newborn rat brain. METHODS: We compared the production of lipid peroxidation in 3 days old rat brain following normoxia, repetitive hypoxia-reoxygenation and an equal duration of sustained hypoxia-reoxygenation by measuring 8-isoprostane-F2alpha. 8-isoprostane-F2alpha is free radical catalyzed metabolites of arachidonic acid, which is produced independent of cyclooxygenase. RESULTS: Compared to a single duration hypoxia-reoxygenation, repetitive hypoxia- reoxygenation produce more ROS (8-isoprostane-F2alpha) in newborn rat brain (P < 0.005). CONCLUSION: It can be speculated that repetitive hypoxia is more detrimental than equal duration of single insult in new born rat brain. Relations between increased ROS production and brain injury following repetitive hypoxia-reoxygenation should be evaluated.
Animals ; Anoxia* ; Arachidonic Acid ; Brain Injuries ; Brain* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Lipid Peroxidation* ; Membranes ; Plasma ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases ; Rats* ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Reperfusion

PURPOSE: To evaluate clinical characteristics associated with group B streptococcal (GBS) infection in infants less than 3 months. METHOD: Medical records of patients (< = or90 days of age) who were confirmed to have GBS infection were reviewed during five year study period. Data for onset of age, clinical manifestations, risk factors, clinical course, antibiotics used, results of sensitivity of antibiograms and complications were collected. RESULTS: The episodes of GBS infection were found in 38 patients. The incidence of early-onset disease was 15.7% and male to female ratio was 1.2: 1. The associated obstetric factors included prematurity, twin, meconium staining and abortion. Fever, poor oral intake, lethargy, irritability, seizure and respiratory distress were common clinical presentations for diagnosis of sepsis and meningitis. GBS was isolated from 25 among 28 cases of cerebrospinal fluids and its sensitivity to penicillin and 3rd generation cephalosporins were 56% and 60%, respectively. The initial antibiotics used included ampicillin and gentamicin in 12 cases, 3rd generation cephalosporins and gentamicin in 11 cases. Subdural effusion and hygroma, hydrocephalus, ventriculitis, infarction, leukoencephalomalacia and basal ganglia hemorrhage were complications of meningitis caused by GBS. CONCLUSION: The early diagnosis and appropriate choice of antibiotics in treatment of patients with GBS infection is very important in respect to increased incidences of resistance to penicillins and to decrease mortalities and morbidites associated with GBS infection.
Ampicillin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage ; Cephalosporins ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Fever ; Gentamicins ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infarction ; Lethargy ; Lymphangioma, Cystic ; Male ; Meconium ; Medical Records ; Meningitis ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Mortality ; Penicillins ; Risk Factors ; Seizures ; Sepsis ; Streptococcal Infections* ; Subdural Effusion ; Twins

PURPOSE: The hospital-acquired outbreak of acute gastroenteritis caused by a virus is currently one of major health problems among newbron nurseries in Korea. We report an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis with metabolic acidosis over a eight-month period in many nurseries in Gyeonggi-do, Korea. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 73 neonates who were admitted in Ansan Hospital, Korea University Medical Center, presenting with symptoms of acute viral gastroenteritis from March, 2001 to September, 2003. Epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory data for these neonates were reviewed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for rotavirus and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for astrovirus, norwalk virus and enteric adenovirus were performed in 54 and 16 neonates, respectively. RESULTS: The mean age at admission was 9.5 +/- 3.9 days. The mean body weight was significantly decreased, compared with mean birth weight. The numbers of severe dehydration were 37 (50.7%) and severe metabolic acidosis (pH < 7.2) were 40 (54.8%). Although the symptoms and laboratory findings were all compatible with acute gastroenteritis caused by a virus, the positive results for ELISA for rotavirus and EIA for astrovirus, norwalk virus and enteric adenovirus were 8 (14.8%) for 54 neonates and none for 16 neonates, respectively. CONCLUSION: Recognizing an outbreak of viral gastroenteritis necessitates notification of local health officials, collection of appropriate specimen for diagnosis and prompt institution of infection control measures.
Academic Medical Centers ; Acidosis* ; Adenoviridae ; Birth Weight ; Body Weight ; Cross Infection ; Dehydration ; Diagnosis ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Gastroenteritis* ; Gyeonggi-do* ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Infant, Newborn ; Infection Control ; Korea* ; Norwalk virus ; Nurseries* ; Retrospective Studies ; Rotavirus

Acute scrotum in newborn infants is unusual and it is even more unusual with infectious origin. The causes of acute scrotum in newborn infants include hydrocele, testicular torsion, torsion of an appendix testis, epididymo-orchitis, meconium peritonitis, testicular tumor, scrotal hematoma and reducible or incarcerated inguinal hernia. Because of lack of typical symptoms and signs, the correct diagnosis of surgical emergencies such as testicular torsion and incarcerated inguinal hernia are often delayed. Recently, color Doppler ultrasonography and testicular scans are being used for differential diagnosis of acute scrotum, although the latter is often technically unsatisfactory due to small size of the testicles in newborn infants. We report a seven day-old male infant with acute scrotum who was diagnosed as acute epididymo-orchitis by color Doppler ultrasonography, and saved from unnecessary surgical interventions. Although color Doppler ultrasonography can not give diagnostic clue for acute scrotum, it can reduce the need for explorative surgery.
Appendix ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Emergencies ; Hematoma ; Hernia, Inguinal ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Male ; Meconium ; Peritonitis ; Scrotum ; Spermatic Cord Torsion ; Testicular Hydrocele ; Testis ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color

Meconium peritonitis results from in-utero perforation of gastrointestinal tract, with subsequent leakage of meconium into the peritoneal cavity. Patent processus vaginalis of male or female fetus may lead to migration of meconium into inguinal canal, and these infants may present meconium filled hydroceles at birth. The predominance of meconium hydrocele in the male infant may be due to the obliteration of processus vaginalis occuring later than in the female fetus. We report a rare case of bilateral meconium hydrocele in the female newborn, which mimic clinical symptoms and ultrasonographic findings of incarcerated hernia.
Female* ; Fetus ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Hernia ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Inguinal Canal ; Male ; Meconium* ; Parturition ; Peritoneal Cavity ; Peritonitis