PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to suggest predictive ultrasonographic finding of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) with lymph node metastasis (LNM), compared to PTMC without LNM. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 93 patients (79 women, 14 men; mean age 46.0 +/- 10.6 years) with surgically proven PTMC. Twenty patients had LNM and 73 patients did not have LNM on surgical specimens. The following ultrasonographic characteristics were evaluated: tumor location, size, shape, echogenicity, margin, presence of calcification, and presence of capsular abutment. Univariate analysis and multivariable stepwise logistic regression analysis were performed for comparison of these characteristics in regard to the presence of LNM in order to determine predictors of LNM. RESULTS: Two factors were significantly related to LNM: presence of capsular abutment (p = 0.0011) and tumor size (cutoff value: > or = 5 mm, p = 0.0058). Lateral lymph node metastasis (LLNM) showed a significant association with macrocalcification (p = 0.015), presence of capsular abutment (p = 0.0104), tumor size (cutoff value: > or = 7 mm, p = 0.002), and upper location of thyroid nodule (p= 0.0255). Presence of capsular abutment was an independent predictive factor for LNM (Odds ratio: 14.83, p = 0.010). Tumor size was an independent predictive factor for LLNM (Odds ratio: 2.102, p = 0.010). CONCLUSION: Presence of capsular abutment and tumor size are important ultrasonographic predictors for LNM or LLNM in patients with PTMC.
Carcinoma, Papillary ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Thyroid Nodule

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate factors influencing strain sonoelastography findings in evaluation of subcutaneous tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of sonoelastography findings performed by two radiologists in 38 consecutive patients with 38 pathologically confirmed benign subcutaneous tumors was performed. Elastographic finding of the lesions was graded from 1 (softer) to 3 (harder) according to stiffness. Analysis of correlations between elastographic findings and height, width and depth of the lesion, and the distance from bone was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: By reviewer 1, 11 lesions were grade 1 on sonoelastography, eight were grade 2, and 19 were grade 3, respectively. By reviewer 2, 11 lesions were grade 1 on sonoelastography, nine were grade 2, and 18 were grade 3, respectively. The distance from bone differed significantly among the three grades groups for both reviewers; grade 1, 2, and 3, 0.78 +/- 0.75 cm, 1.56 +/- 0.68 cm, and 1.77 +/- 0.63 cm, for reviewer 1 (P = .006) and 0.86 +/- 0.79 cm, 1.55 +/- 0.72 cm, and 1.74 +/- 0.65 cm for reviewer 2 (P = .016). No significant difference in height, width, and depth of the lesion was observed among the three groups. CONCLUSION: Distance from bone showed a significant association with strain sonoelastographic findings of benign subcutaneous tumors.
Elasticity Imaging Techniques ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Sprains and Strains

As a primary imaging modality for evaluation of an ovarian mass, ultrasound (US) can provide us with various diagnostic information. Using a pattern recognition approach through gray-scale transvaginal US, diagnosis of an ovarian mass can be made with high specificity and sensitivity and Doppler US may increase the confidence with which a correct diagnosis of benignity or malignancy is made. Although a hemorrhagic corpus luteal cyst, endometrioma, or mature teratoma can be readily characterized on the basis of typical sonographic findings, specific diagnosis of other ovarian masses is difficult based on US alone. In such cases, categorization as a unilocular, unilocular solid, multilocular, multilocular solid, or solid mass and assessment of the solid component in the mass is important for discrimination between benign and malignant masses.
Discrimination (Psychology) ; Endometriosis ; Female ; Ovary ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Teratoma

The causes of hip pain are variable, and, due to its size and deep position, complete physical examination is often difficult. In the past, ultrasonography (US) for the hip was mainly performed in order to rule out developmental hip dysplasia in infants or for evaluation of joint effusion. Now, however, US of the hip has been widely accepted as a useful modality in patients with hip pain and is commonly used in both adults and children. Joint effusion, bursitis, tendinosis or tendon tear, and acetabular labral tear can be main targets. Dynamic study for snapping hip is another unique advantage of US. In addition, US is very useful for guided procedures - aspiration, biopsy, or injection. In this review, the authors will discuss US findings of these common lesions with a brief review of anatomy.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Bursitis ; Child ; Hip ; Humans ; Imidazoles ; Infant ; Joints ; Nitro Compounds ; Physical Examination ; Tendinopathy ; Tendons

Granular cell tumor of the breast is a rare tumor arising from Schwann cells. Although it is usually a benign tumor, its characteristics can mimic those of breast carcinoma clinically, radiologically, and macroscopically. The tongue is the single most common anatomic site involved; however, a granular cell tumor may arise in virtually any site of the body. We report on a 67-year-old male patient with a palpable breast mass presenting as an irregular mass on mammography and ultrasound.
Aged ; Breast Neoplasms ; Breast Neoplasms, Male ; Breast* ; Granular Cell Tumor* ; Humans ; Male ; Mammography ; Schwann Cells ; Tongue ; Ultrasonography

Primary breast leiomyosarcoma is extremely rare. The associated imaging findings are generally not pathognomonic and can mimic those of other breast sarcomas and phyllodes tumors. The prognosis of leiomyosarcoma is better than that of other breast sarcomas. Here, we report on the case of a 36-year-old woman with a large, rapidly growing mass in the left breast, which was diagnosed as leiomyosarcoma. The lesion appeared as a circumscribed hyperdense mass on mammography, and a lobulated circumscribed mixed echoic mass with surrounding edema on ultrasonography, and it showed peripheral and multi-septated enhancement on computed tomography. We discuss the imaging findings and clinical outcome.
Adult ; Breast* ; Edema ; Female ; Humans ; Leiomyosarcoma* ; Mammography ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Phyllodes Tumor ; Prognosis ; Sarcoma ; Ultrasonography

Invasive lobular carcinoma is the second most common breast malignancy. Mammographic finding of invasive lobular carcinoma is often subtle or negative due to its histological feature showing infiltration of tumor cells into surrounding tissue with scanty fibrotic reaction. Thus, ultrasound plays an important role in detection of invasive lobular carcinoma. We report here on our experience with a 70-year-old female who had invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast with unique ultrasound findings; a mixed hyper- and hypoechoic mass at the fatty layer mimicking fat necrosis.
Aged ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Lobular* ; Fat Necrosis* ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mammography ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Mammary

Herniation of the appendix into an inguinal canal is known as an Amyand hernia. Due to its nonspecific symptoms, clinical diagnosis is extremely difficult, and an accurate preoperative diagnosis of Amyand hernia with ultrasound (US) and CT is rarely reported. Herein, we reported a typical case of Amyand hernia in a 74-year-old male in which the correct diagnosis was made using inguinal US and contrast-enhanced abdominopelvic CT. US and CT findings of Amyand hernia showed a target-like tubular structure within the inguinal canal.
Aged ; Appendix ; Diagnosis ; Hernia* ; Humans ; Inguinal Canal ; Male ; Ultrasonography*

Primary epiploic appendagitis (PEA) is a condition that results from spontaneous torsion, ischemia, or inflammation of an epiploic appendage. This condition is manifested by localized abdominal pain and tenderness, which is often mistaken for diverticulitis or appendicitis in the adult population. PEA is a self-limiting disease, and differential diagnosis with surgical condition is important in order to prevent unnecessary surgery. Although it is commonly reported in adults, it is rarely reported in the pediatric population. We report on the radiologic findings of two cases of PEA in a 12- and a 17-year-old boy, focusing on sonographic findings.
Abdominal Pain ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Appendicitis ; Child* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diverticulitis ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Ischemia ; Male ; Peas ; Pediatrics ; Ultrasonography ; Unnecessary Procedures

Foreign body ingestion is a common problem in the pediatric population and the majority of such cases occur between the ages of six months and three years. Most objects pass uneventfully through the gastrointestinal tract; however, ingestion of multiple magnets can cause serious gastrointestinal complications through interaction with each other across the bowel wall. In these situations, radiologic evaluation is imperative for proper treatment. This is a case report on ingestion of 32 magnets in a 10-year-old boy. We diagnosed a small bowel fistula caused by ingestion of multiple magnets using sonography, which showed hyperechoic magnetic foreign bodies attached together penetrating the thickened neighbouring jejunum.
Child ; Eating* ; Fistula* ; Foreign Bodies ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Jejunum ; Male ; Ultrasonography*