The record of radiation therapy cases during a five-ear period at the University of Michigan Hospitals has been analyzed. Of a total of 73 Aden carcinoma of prostate, the majority belonged to Stage B and C which represented 49 and 20 cases, respectively. The mortality rate after irradiation was clearly related to the tumor stage. Local irradiation resulted in 88% of the local control of well-ifferentiated Aden carcinomas. Stage C cases had 50% mortality, whereas that of Stage B patients was 14%. Results of this study are in general agreement with previous data in terms of the local disease control after irradiation and provide a basis for conservative radiotherapy regimen as an approach in the treatment of localized prostatic carcinomas.
Humans ; Michigan ; Mortality ; Prostate* ; Radiotherapy ; Yemen*

From 1979 to 1982, 80 patients with unresectable non-mall-ell lung cancer without metastasis were treated with high-ose radiotherapy to the primary and to regional lymph nodes with or without supraclavicular lymphatic in the Department of Therapeutic radiology, Seoul National University Hospital. Of these, 56 patients (70%) were completely evaluable, and 59 patients (74%) had squamous cell carcinoma, 13% large cell undifferentiated carcinoma and 8% Aden carcinoma. 21 patients (26%) had Stage II and 59 patients (74%) had Stage III. The complete and partial response rate in the high-ose (~ 6,000rad) radiotherapy was 70% with 19% complete response. 69 patients (86%) failed in the treatment, by the failure pattern, 64% had local failure alone, 35% had local failure and distant metastasis and 1% had distant metastasis alone. The failure rate in the thorax was 76% in squamous cell carcinoma, 40% in Aden carcinoma and 20% in large cell undifferentiated carcinoma. Preliminary result shows that actuarial survival at 1, 2 and 3 years were 56%, 26% and 20% in overall patients and 64%, 37% and 21% in Stage II and 54%, 21% and 18% in Stage III, respectively. Overall median survival was 14 months; 17 months in Stage II and 13 months in Stage III. 8 patients (10%) have lived a minimum of 2 years with no evidence of disease. There was no fatal complication confirmed to be induced by radiotherapy, so definitive high-ose radiotherapy was tolerated well without major problems and resulted in good local control and survival.
Carcinoma ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Radiation Oncology ; Radiotherapy* ; Seoul ; Thorax ; Yemen

To assess the result of radiation therapy for fifteen years experience, a total of 125 cases of pathologically proven supraglottic laryngeal cancer had been analyzed according to patient survival retrospectively. All the patients had been treated with radiation therapy in curative aim using Co-0 teletherapy machine. The results are as follows; 1. According to AJCC staging, five year survival rate was 58.3% in stage I, 44.4% in II, 31.8% in III and 28.6% in IV. 2. According to T-taging, five year survival rate was 57.1% in stage T1, 40.5% in T2, 34.0% in T3 and 19.0% in T4. 3. According to N staging, five-ear survival rate was 43.5% in negative node group and 26.8% in positive node group. 4. According to the histologic grade, the better in differentiation, the more in number of cases and the better in prognosis. 5. In summary, five year actuarial survival rate was 37.3% and ten-ear survival rate was 34.2%, and ten-ear survivors totaled 16 cases.
Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms* ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Survivors

A retrospective analysis of survival data of 52 cases with brain astrocytomas was presented. All patients received post-perative radiotherapy in the period of 1973~1983 at YUMC, Yonsei Cancer Center. There were 24 patients with Grade II, 12 patients with Grade III and 16 patients with Grade IV astrocytomas. Survival rates were analyzed according to histologic grade of malignancy, age, tumor location. radiation dose and extent of surgical tumor resection. 5 year actuarial survival for patients with Grade II astrocytomas was 32.9% ad Grade III was 42.9%. The 1 year and 2 year survival rate of Grade IV astrocytomas were 46.7% and 0%. Histologic grade of tumor was important prognostic factor in brain astrocytomas. Age and extent of surgical resection were significant prognostic factors in all grades of astrocytomas and tumor location and radiation dose were significant in Grade II astrocytomas.
Astrocytoma* ; Brain* ; Glioblastoma ; Humans ; Radiotherapy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

The therapeutic effect of mammary breast cancer of rat (Sprague Dawley) was estimated by single and 5 fractionated irradiation of Co60 X-ay. Response rates over 50% were 20, 43, 67, 80% respectively by single dose irradiation of 800, 1,200, 1,600, 2,000rad, and 20, 38, 57, 88% by 5 fractionated irradiation of 1,400, 2,100, 2,800, 3,500rad. 50% tumor control dose (TCD50) were 1,282rad, 2 312rad respectively with single and fractionated irradiation
Animals ; Breast Neoplasms ; Rats*

The renewed interest in the use of hyperthermia in cancer therapy is based on radiobiological And clinical evidence indicating that there may be significant thereapeutic advantages with the use of hyperthermia alone or combined with irradiation plus heat. Authors performed the experiment using the chemically induced mammary carcinoma of rats to observe the difference in temperature changes between tumor and normal tissue during heat, and to compare the response of the tumors to radiation alone and to radiation plus hyperthermia. The results were as follows 1. Temperature of tumors was significantly higher than in the normal tissue during heating and the difference was about 1.5degree C. 2. TCD50 in radiation alone and hyperthermia immediately following radiation was 1,282 rad and 795 rad, respectively and TER value was 1.81.
Animals ; Fever* ; Heating ; Hot Temperature ; Rats*

PURPOSE: To find the more effective treatment methods that improving thesurvival of patients with glioblastoma multiforme(GBM), we analyze the prognostic factors and the outcome of therapy in patients with GBM. METHODS AND MATERIALS: One hundred twenty-one patients with a diagnosis of GBM treated at Severance Hospital between 1973 and 1993 were analyzed for survival with respect to patients characteristics, that is, duration of symptom, age, and Karnofsky performance status, as well as treatment related variables such as extent of surgery and radiotherapy. RESULTS: The median survival time(MST) and 2-year overall survival rate (OSR) of the patients with GBM were 13 months and 20.8%, respectively. Duration of symptom, age, Karnofsky performance status(KPS), radiotherapy, and extent of surgical resection were associated with improved survival in a univariate analysis. Patients whose duration of symptom was longer than 3 months, had the 2-year OSR of 47.2%(p=0.0082), who were younger than age 50, 32.9%(p=0.0003). In patients with a KPS of 80 or higher, the 2 year OSR was 36.9%(p=0.0422). Patients undergoing radiotherapy had the 2-year OSR of 22.9%(p=0.030), and surgical resection of 23.3%(p<0.000). A cox regression model confirmed a significant correlation of duration of symptom, age, radiotherapy,and extent of surgical resection with survival, excluding KPS(p=0.8823). The 2-year OSR were 22.3% and 19.4%, combined with chemotherapy or without, respectively(p=0.06028). The duration of symptom of 3 months or shorter. 50 years of age or older, and undergoing stereotactic biopsy only were considered as risk factors. then patients without any risk factors had the MST of 29 months and 2-year OSR of 53.9% compared to 4 months and 0% for patients who had all 3 risk factors. Most of all treatment failure occurred in the primary tumor site(86.4%) CONCLUSION: The duration of symptom, age, radiotherapy, and extent of surgical resection were a prognostically significant independent variables. To get a better survival, it seems to be reasonable that the study design which improves the local control rates is warranted.
Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Glioblastoma* ; Humans ; Karnofsky Performance Status ; Radiotherapy ; Risk Factors ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Failure

PURPOSE: To collect beam data for dynamic wedge fields using conventional measurement tools without the multi-detector system, such as the linear diode detectors or ionization chambers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The accelerator CL 2100 C/D has two photon energies of 6MV and 15MV with dynamic wedge angles of 15o, 30o, 45o and 60o. Wedge transmission factors, percentage depth doses(PDD's) and dose profiles were measured. The measurements for wedge transmission factors are performed for field sizes ranging from 4x4cm2 to 20x20cm2 in 1-2cm steps. Various rectangular field sizes are also measured for each photon energy of 6MV and 15MV, with the combination of each dynamic wedge angle of 15o, 30o, 45o and 60o. These factors are compared to the calculated wedge factors using STT(Segmented Treatment Table) value. PDD's are measured with the film and the chamber in water phantom for fixed square field. Converting parameters for film data to chamber data could be obtained from this procedure. The PDD's for dynamic wedged fields could be obtained from film dosimetry by using the converting parameters without using ionization chamber. Dose profiles are obtained from interpolation and STT weighted superposition of data through selected asymmetric static field measurement using ionization chamber. RESULTS: The measured values of wedge transmission factors show good agreement to the calculated values. The wedge factors of rectangular fields for constant Y-field were equal to those of square fields. The differences between open fields' PDDs and those from dynamic fields are insignificant. Dose profiles from superposition method showed acceptable range of accuracy(maximum 2% error) when we compare to those from film dosimetry. CONCLUSION: The results from this superposition method showed that commissionning of dynamic wedge could be done with conventional dosimetric tools such as point detector system and film dosimetry winthin maximum 2% error range of accuracy.
Film Dosimetry ; Water

PURPOSE: To obtain the actual dose distribution from measured data by deconvolution method using the measured ion chamber response function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The chamber response functions for 2 ionization chambers (diameter 5mm, 6.4mm) were measured, and dose profiles were measured for 10X20cm2 field size using two different detectors. The deconvolution of chamber response function from the measured data were performed for these profiles. The same procedures were repeated for 4MV, 6MV and 15MV photon energies. RESULTS: Different dose profiles were obtained for the same field with the chambers which have the different response functions. Nearly the same results could be obtained with deconvolution for the profiles from various detectors. CONCLUSION: The effect of the chamber response function can be extracted by deconvolution method. Deconvolved dose profile using various ionization chambers gave better dose distributions. Technical improvements are needed for practical application.

PURPOSE: Before we report the results of curative radiotherapy in cervix cancer patients, we review the significance and safety of our dose specification methods in the brachytherapy system to have the insight of the potential predictive value of doses at specified points. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyze the 45 cases of cervix cancer patients treated with intracavitary brachytherapy. In the lateral simulation film we draw the isodose curve and observe the absorbed dose rate of point A, the reference point of bladder(SBD) and rectum(SRD). In the sagittal view of pelvic MRI film we demarcate the tumor volume(TV) and determine whether the prescription dose curve of point A covers the tumor volume adequately by drawing the isodose curve as correctly as possible. Also we estimate the maximum point dose of bladder(MBD) and rectum(MRD) and calculate the inclusion area where the absorbed dose rate is higher than that of point A in the bladder(HBV) and rectum(HRV), respectively. RESULTS: Of forty-five cases, the isodose curve of point A seems to cover tumor volume optimally in only 24(53%). The optimal tumor coverage seems to be associated not with the stage of the disease but with the tumor volume. There is no statistically significant association between SBD/SRD and MBD/MRD, respectively. SRD has statistically marginally significant association with HRV, while TV has statistically significant association with HBV and HRV. CONCLUSION: Our current treatment calculation methods seem to have the defect in the aspects of the nonoptimal coverage of the bulky tumor and the inappropriate estimation of bladder dose. We therefore need to modify the applicator geometry to optimize the dose distribution at the position of lower tandem source. Also it appears that the position of the bladder in relation to the applicators needs to be defined individually to define "hot spots".
Brachytherapy* ; Cervix Uteri* ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Prescriptions ; Radiotherapy ; Tumor Burden ; Urinary Bladder ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms