PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of three-dimensional(3D) Fourier transform(FT) gradient refocused acquisition in steady state(GRASS) technique for MR imaging of the knee. MATERIALS AND METHODS : Sixty-three kneesin 61 patients were imaged on the 1.5T MR system. We compared 3DFT GRASS technique with 2D spin echo(SE) techniquein terms of conspicuousness of the lesions of internal knee structures based on the results of arthroscopy or open surgery. As a SE technique, sagittal T1-and T2-weighted, and coronal fat-suppressed T2-weighted sequences were performed. Sixty contiguous axial scans with 0.7 or 1mm section thickness were performed using 3D GRASS technique, and we also evaluated arbitrarily reformatted images produced from the original axial voxel images. RESULTS: For the depiction of the tear, 3DFT GRASS was superior to 2D SE in three cases of medial meniscus, one of later almeniscus, and two of anterior cruciate ligament. Specificity of 3D GRASS was also higher than that af 2D SE inevaluation of lateral meniscus and anterior cruiciate ligament. There was no significant difference in MR diagnosis for tears of the posterior cruciate, medial collateral, and lateral collateral ligaments. 3D GRASS was superior in evaluating the extent and morphology of the torn menisci. CONCLUSION: The 3DFT GRASS technique was comparable or even superior to the 2D SE technique in the evaluation of the internal structure of the knee, andcan be expected to supplement standard MR knee techniques, especially in complicated cases of meniscal orligamentous tears.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Arthroscopy ; Fourier Analysis* ; Humans ; Knee* ; Lateral Ligament, Ankle ; Ligaments ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Menisci, Tibial ; Poaceae* ; Sensitivity and Specificity

PURPOSE: To evaluate the US findings of epididymal adenomatoid tumor. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Were trospectively reviewed US findings of four patients with histopathologically proven epididymal adenomatoidtumors. Lesions were evaluated for their size, location, margin, shape and echogenicity. RESULTS: The size of thetumors ranged between 0.5cm and 2cm and all occurred on the left side of the epididymis. Of the four cases, three were located at the tail of the epididymis and one at its head. The tumors were well marginated and spherical andecho-texture was variable but homogenous. CONCLUSION: The possibility of and adenomatoid tumor should be considered when the epididymal mass is round and has a clear margin and the echo-texture of ultrasound ishomogenous.
Adenomatoid Tumor* ; Epididymis* ; Head ; Humans ; Male ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: To demonstrate the radiologic characteristics of the pelvic actinomycosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the radiologic findings of seven patients with pathologically proven pelvic actinomycosis and analyzed the anatomical location, characteristics of the lesion and alteration of surrounding structures. RESULTS: The location of the lesions were the ovary and adnexa(n=4), rectum(n=1), cecum and terminalileum(n=1), and bladder(n=1). Three of the seven patients had a past history of intrauterine devices.Post-contrast enhanced CT showed an ill-defined mass with inhomogeneous enhancement and a tendency to invade th esurrounding normal tissue plane. CONCLUSION: Pelvic actinomycosis should be included in differential diagnosis when an unusually aggressive infiltrative mass is located in the pelvic cavity, especially in a patient with long-term use of intrauterine contraceptive devices.
Actinomycosis* ; Cecum ; Female ; Humans ; Intrauterine Devices ; Ovary ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: To evaluate the prevalance of morphological variation of the kidney secondary to junctional parenchyma, as well as to analyze the ultrasonographic features of junctional parenchyma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred and eighty two kidneys of 141 patient without clinical or radiologic evidence of renal disease were prospectively analysed using ultrasound. In all patients, ultrasonograms were obtained in sagittal, coronal and transaxial planes. The kidney was considered to have morphological variation if the ulrasonogram demonstrated junctional parenchymal defect or line ; those showing such variation were classified as one of three types :continuous, discontinuous, or junctional parenchymal line or defect without junctional parenchyma. The prevalance and ultrasonographic features of the kidneys were evaluated. RESULTS: Morphological variation was noted in 71 cases(25%). the continuous type accounted for 54% of these, the discontinuous type for 38%, and junctional parenchymal defect or line without junctional parenchyma for 8%. In all cases, junctional parenchyma was located approximately at the junction of the upper and middle third of the kidny, and had the same echogenecity as the renal cortex. CONCLUSION: An understanding of the morphological variation of the kidney resulting from junctional renal parenchyma would be helpful in differentiating pseudo tumor from true renal neoplasm.
Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; Kidney* ; Ultrasonography*

We report a case of multicystic mesothelioma in the visceral peritoneum anterior of the ascending colon. A 39-year-old female patient visited hospital with a palpabel tender mass in the right flank. An ultrasonogram showed multiple cystic mass lesions in the right flank and CT scan showed a multicystic rative mass with enhancing wall and septum in front of the ascending colon. The patient underwent explolaparotomy and the mass. which inpathology turned out to be a benign multicystic masothelioma, was removed.
Colon, Ascending ; Female ; Humans ; Mesothelioma* ; Peritoneum* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: To evaluate CT findings of mucinous adenocarcinoma in the gastrointestinal tract. MATERIALS AND METHODS : CT scans of 24 gastric and five colorectal mucinous adenocarcinomas, proven by histology, were retrospectively analysed; the patients consisted of 18 men and 11 women (age range, 27-76; mean, 59). CT findings were analysed, with emphasis on : (a) tumor size and maximal wall thickness ; (b) the presence of a low attenuation area, suggestive of a mucin poll within the tumor ; (c) the presence, shape and location of calcification, and (d) correlation between primary tumor (T) staging and CT findings. RESULTS: The mean tumorsize of gastric mucinous adenocarcinoma was 8.2cm (range, 1.4 - 17cm) and the mean maximal wall thickness was2.3cm (range, 1-4.5cm). Low attenuation areas on enhanced CT were seen in 12 cases (50%). Mottled, punctate, diffuse calcifications were demonstrated in nine cases(38%), and were located in low attenuation areas in eight cases. The T staging could be determined in 22 cases. Of there, low attenuation areas were demonstrated in tencases and calcification in seven. Of those ten cases with low atteuation area T staging was T2 in two cases, T3 intwo, and T4 in six. Of the cases showing calcification, T staging was T3 in one case and T4 in six. The mean sizeof colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma was 6cm(range, 3-13cm) and the mean maximal wall thickness was 3.6cm (range,1.5-7cm). Low attenuation area were seen in three cases. Mottled calcification within the low sttenuation was detected in one case. The T staging of three cases which showed a low attenuation area was T3 in tow cases and T4in one case. One case with calcification was T3 stage. CONCLUSION: The CT finding of mucinous adenocarcinoma inthe gastrointestinal tract was a relatively thick-walled mass containing an area of low attenuation or calcification. Although calcification is believed to be a pathognomonic finding for the specific diagnosis of mucinous adenocarcinoma, a low attenuation area may be an important CT finding because it can be detected at lower T staging and more frequently.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Gastric Mucins ; Gastrointestinal Tract* ; Humans ; Male ; Mucins* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: To determine the usefulness of ultrasonic lithotripsy for the fragmentation of large impacted intrahepatic duct(IHD) stones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Large impacted stones in five patients were fragmented with a 12.5F rigid ureterorenoscope and a 5.5F rigid ultrasonic oscillating burr via T-tube tract. Two to three dayslater, the fragmented stones were extracted via T-tube tract with basket. RESULTS: Disintegration was complete in three patients and partial in two. The fragmented stones were completely removed in four patients and partially in one. due to that patient's refusal. CONCLUSION: Insertion of a rigid endoscope and ultrasound drill into theorifice of the IHD can be performed without problem. Ultrasonic lithotripsy is an effective technique for the fragmentation of large impacted intrahepatic stones located in the or ifice of the IHD.
Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic* ; Disulfiram ; Endoscopes ; Humans ; Lithotripsy* ; Ultrasonics* ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: To correlate the enhancement pattern of hepatocellular carcinoma during the arterial phase of spiral CT with vascularity on angiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-Two patients with hepatocellular carcinoma underwent spiral CT and angioigraphy. spiral CT was performed with a section thickness of 10mm and a table speedof 10 or 13 mm/sec. 120mL of contrast medium was injected at 3 mL/sec. Spiral CT scans during the arterial phase were obtained 35 seconds after the injection of contrast medium. CT findings of 78 lesions less than 4cm indiameter were correlated with angiographic findings. RESULTS: The attenuation of lesions was high(n=69),iso(n=5), and low(n=4) compared with liver parenchyma during the arterial phase of spiral CT. in lesions with high-, iso-, and low-attenuation during the arterial phase of spiral CT, hypervascularity on angiograms was foundin 63 of 69(91.3%), three of five(60%), and three of four lesions(75%), respectively. Six lesions with high-attenuation on the arterial phase of spiral CT were not seen on angiography. Two iso-attenuated and onelow-attenuated lesion were hypovascular on angiograms. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that with some exceptions there was good correlation between the arterial phase of spiral CT and angiography.
Angiography* ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Humans ; Liver ; Tomography, Spiral Computed* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the value of helical CT in patients with endoscopically and pathologically proven early gastric cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Helical CT scans(5-mm section thickness, 5-mm/sec table speed) were obtained in 45 patients with pathologically proven early gastric cancer. CT findings were retrospectively reviewed by two independent radiologists without surgical or pathologic information. Detection rate, depth of invasion, and lymph node staging were evaluated. RESULTS: The overall detection rate was 52% ; there was no significant difference in the rates between observer A(55%) and B(49%). The detection rate was higher in the anterior bodywall(100%) and antrum(63%) than in the posterior body wall(42%) and antrum(53%). The detection rate of the depressed type(63%) was higher than that of the elevated type(38%). Submucosal stripe was seen in 45% of mucosallesions and in 32% of submucosal lesions, though the stripe was not a reliable indicator for depth of invasion.Lymph node metastasis was detected in only one of eight patients. None was found to have distant metastasis. CONCLUSION: Helical CT is of little help in the evaluation of endoscopically evident early gastric cancer and the routine use of helical CT is not recommended in early gastric cancer.
Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Tomography, Spiral Computed*

PURPOSE: To report variable radiologic manifestastions and to accomplish detailed radiologic-pathologic correlation of solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm of the pancreas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 23 patients with surgically confirmed solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm, retrospective examinations of operative records, gross and micropathologic findings, and radiologic findings including US(n=17), CT(n=23), ERCP(n=9), MRI(n=3) were carried out. On the basis of pathologic findings, detailed analysis of radiologic findings of solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm was then performed. RESULTS: Most pancreatic solid and papillary epithelialneoplasms(n=17) were seen as a mass with heterogeneous internal density consisting of cystic change, hemorrhagicnecrosis, and tumor tissue, although the mass can also be seen to be homogeneous(n=6). On gross specimens, acapsule which showed enhancement on the delayed phase of the enhanced CT scan was demonstrated in 22 cases. It was seen as an echogenic rim on the ultrasound images and as a low signal rim on the MR images. Calcification of themass was seen in ten cases, nine of which showed peripheral calcification along the tumor capsule ; five cases showed calcifications within the mass. On pathologic examination, ten cases had a single or multiple cystic appearance ; in seven of these cases, this appeared on CT scan. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to usual mixed internal density caused by hemorrhagic necrosis of the tumor, enhanced capsule and internal multicystic appearance on CT scan were other characteristics of pancreatic solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm. These could be useful findings in the radiologic approach and in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic masses.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Necrosis ; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial* ; Pancreas* ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography