PURPOSE: To assess the usefulness of MRI in the detection of a single ectopic ureteral opening and thelocation and dysplastic change of ipsilateral kidney. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine patients (mean age; 4.8 years,M:F=3:6) in whom a single ectopic ureter was suspected clinically and sonographically underwent conventionalradiologic studies ( IVP, VCUG, 99mTc-DM-SA scan, as well as US) and MRI. We evaluated images of the point of theectopic ureteral opening and the location and dysplastic or hydronephrotic change of the ipsilateral kidney, andcompared those findings with the endoscopic, surgical, and pathological findings. RESULTS: Eight patients had aunilateral single ectopic ureter and one had bilateral lesions. Seven normally positioned kidneys in six patientsshowed dysplastic (n=3) or hydronephrotic (n=4) change. In two patients an ectopic dysplastic kidney was locatedin the pelvis and one had ipsilateral renal agenesis. Conventional radiologic studies failed to reveal twoectopic dysplastic kidneys, one renal agenesis, and eight ectopic ureteral openings. In all patients, MRI clearlydemonstrated the location of the kidney and ectopic ureteral opening, and dysplastic or hydronephrotic change ofthe kidney, and in one patient, uterine duplication. Except in two patients whose ectopic ureteral opening was notfound on endoscopy, MRI findings were concordant with endoscopic and surgical findings. CONCLUSION: MRI wasuseful for the detection of a single ectopic ureteral opening and for demonstrating the location and dysplasticchange of ipsilateral kidney.
Child* ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Kidney* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Pelvis ; Ureter*

PURPOSE: To clarify the distribution of joint effusion, and the relationship between type of injury andamount of joint effusion seen in traumatic knee joint magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Weretrospectively reviewed the MR images of 400 patients with traumatic knee joint effusion. The knee joint spacewas divided into four compartments: central portion (para-ACL, para-PCL), suprapatellar pouch, posterior femoralrecess, and subpopliteal recess, and we then compared the amount and distribution of effusion. For statisticalanalysis, the chi-square test was used. RESULTS: Among 400 MRI examinations of joint effusion, 383 knees (96%)showed homogeneous low intensity on T1-weighted images, and - except for ten cases of fluid-fluid levels-homogeneous high intensity on T2-weighted images. Knee joint effusion was clearly shown to be distributed mainlyin the suprapatellar pouch (345, 86%), followed by the central posterior femoral recess, and the subpoplitealrecess (p<0.001). Extensive joint effusion was less frequently found in the normal group, but was occasionallyfound in the combined injury group (p<0.001). The relationship between amount of joint effusion and type ofinjury was statistically significant (p<0.001), except in the case of medial and lateral collateral ligamentinjury. CONCLUSIONS: The distribution of joint effusion in patients with traumatic knee disorders is a reflectionof anatomic communication, and whether the amount of joint effusion was small or large depended on the anatomicallocation and type of injury.
Humans ; Joints* ; Knee Joint* ; Knee* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

PURPOSE: To describe the MR findings for the three phases of eosinophilic granuloma, as defined by Mirra 'sconventional radiographic criteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen lesions in 14 patients with proveneosinophilic granuloma were retrospectively analyzed. Among this total, three vertebral lesions were excluded,and the remaining is were classified as early, middle, or late phase on the basis of Mirra's radiographiccriteria. For each phase, we compared MR findings with regard to signal intensity, homogeneity, contrastenhancement, perilesional marrow edema, and soft tissue change. For the three vertebral lesions excluded becausethe application of radiographic criteria was difficult, MR findings for paravertebral soft tissue reaction anddegree of cord compression were compared. RESULTS: Of the fifteen cases classified, eight were early phase, fivewere mid phase, and two were late phase. During each phase, all lesions except one, as seen on T1-weightedimages(T1W1), showed iso-signal intensity. On T2WI, all lesions showed high signal intensity. Contrast studydemonstrated marked contrast enhancement. Thus, no remarkable differences were found in the signal intensitydegree of contrast enhancement of each phase. With regard to heterogeneity, this was demonstrated in most earlyphase lesions, reflecting necrosis and hemorrhage of those lesions. Soft tissue swelling was more severe duringthe early phase than the mid or late phase, but marrow edema was similar in each of the three phase. One of threepatients with vertebra plana showed para-vertebral soft tissue swelling and cord compression, but this was notseen in the two other cases. CONCLUSION: For evalvating the extent of eosinophilic granuloma and its relationshipwith surrounding structures, MRI was superior to conventional radiography. During the early phase of the disease,lesions showed greater inhomogeneity and more aggressive soft tissue reaction than during the mid and late phase.The use of MRI for the evalvation of eosinophilic granuloma can help decide a therapeutic plan of action andfollow up evaluation.
Bone Marrow ; Edema ; Eosinophilic Granuloma* ; Eosinophils* ; Granuloma ; Hemorrhage ; Histiocytosis ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Necrosis ; Population Characteristics ; Radiography ; Retrospective Studies ; Spine

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the findings of ultrasonography (US) in patients withis-chial bursitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our study included 27 patients (mean age 62 years) who underwent US fora painful mass or tenderness in the buttock area. In six of these 27, serous fluid was obtained by needleaspiration, and in five cases, bursal excision permitted histologic confirmation. The other sixteen patients werefollowed up for one or two months with only NSAID medication; all showed some improvement or remission of symptoms. Using a 5-10 MHz linear array probe, US examination was performed while the patient was lying facedown. US images were analyzed with regard to location and size of the lesions, thickness of cyst wall, thepres-ence of internal septa or mural nodules, echogenicity of the cyst wall, fluid content, internal septa,compressibility by a probe, and Doppler signals within the cyst wall. RESULTS: In all 27 patients, ischialbursitis was located superficially to ischial tuberosity. Lesion size(maximum diameter) was 1.5-7(mean 3.8)cm, andthe cyst wall was 0.2-0.8cm thick. Internal septa and mural nodules were seen in 12 cases (44%) and 13 cases(48%), respectively. The cyst wall was identifiable in 21 cases (78%), appearing as a single layer with lowechogenicity (n=10) or with high echogenicity (n=1); it also appeared as two (n=6) or three (n=4) layers ofdifferent echogenicities. When internal septa were present, fluid within the cyst was low echoic in 59% of cases,high echoic in 30%, and of mixed echogenicity (so-called compartmentalization) in 15%. In all cases, the cystbecame deformed, when compressed by a probe. In all patients who underwent doppler examination, some vascularitywas found within the cyst wall. CONCLUSION: US helped to detect ischial bursitis; US findings were thin-walled cystic lesion located superficially to ischial tuberosity, with or without internal septa and mural nodules, andeasy compressibility.
Bursitis* ; Buttocks ; Deception ; Humans ; Ultrasonography

In the literature, descriptions of the MR findings of renal leiomyoma are rare. We present the MR findings ofa capsular leiomyoma of the kidney in which hy pointensity relative to normal renal parenchyma was seen on bothT1- and T2-weighted MR images.
Kidney ; Leiomyoma* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

PURPOSE: On the basis of CT findings, to differentiate between solid ovarian tumor and uterine subserosalmyoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In eight surgically proven cases of solid ovarian tumor and in ten uterinesubserosal myoma patients, contrast-enhanced CT images were obtained. Two genitourinary radiologists reviewed thefindings with regard to degree of enhancement of the mass as compared with enhancement of uterine myometrium,thickening of round ligaments, visualization of normal ovaries, contour of the mass, and the presence of ascitesin the pelvic cavity. RESULTS: Six of eight ovarian tumors but only two of ten uterine myomas were less enhancedthan normal uterine myometrium (p <0.05). Pelvic ascites were seen in six of eight ovarian tumors, but in only oneof ten uterine myomas (p<0.05). Three of 16 ovaries in ovarian tumor patients, but 12 of 20 ovaries in uterinemyoma patients, were normal (p<0.05). Six of 16 round ligaments of the uterus in ovarian tumor patients, were thichened but 11 of 20 round ligaments in uterine myoma patients, were thickened (p>0.05). The contour of themass was lobulated in two of eight ovarian tumor patients, but in five of ten uterine myoma patients (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: CT findings suggestive of solid ovarian tumor were less contrast enhancement of the mass than ofnormal uterine myometrium, pelvic ascites, and nonvisualization of normal ovary.
Animals ; Ascites ; Female ; Humans ; Leiomyoma* ; Mice ; Myoma ; Myometrium ; Ovary ; Round Ligament of Uterus ; Round Ligaments ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Uterus

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of MR urography(MRU) using Half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbospin-echo(HASTE) sequence compared with conventional intravenous urography(IVU). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirtyfive lesions of 32 patients who underwent MRU because of delayed excretion or nonvisualization of the ureter wereincluded in this study. HASTE MR urography was performed with a 1.0 MR imaging unit. Coronal images includingthose of the kidney, ureter and bladder were obtained in every patient using the multislice technique, and werepostprocessed by means of the maximal intensity projection technique. Scan time was 17-19 seconds. We analyzed theresults of MRU, focusing on level of obstruction, incidence of stone, ureter dilatation, and motion artifact, andin each case compared MRU findings with those of IVU. RESULTS: In 12 of 35 lesions(34.2%), MRU more effectivelydiagnosed causes of obstruction than did IVU, while in seven lesions(20%), MRU and IVU were similar. In eightlesions(22.9%), all of which were caused by a stone, IVU was better than MRU, and in a further eight, neithermodality was able to diagnose the cause. For diagnosis of the level of obstruction, MRU was better than IVU in 20of 35 lesions(57.1%), and similar to IVU in seven(20%). In three lesions(8.6%), neither modality was able todetect the level of obstruction. Four lesions not related to obstruction were polycystic renal disease, cysticrenal change, vesicovaginal fistula and extra-renal pelvis. Dilatation of the ureter was seen in 23lesions(65.8%) on MRU and in seven lesions on IVU. Thus, MRU revealed dilatation of for the ureter more efectivelythan IVU. CONCLUSION: MRU using HASTE was valuable for the detection of underlying causes and levels ofobstruction in the urinary tract, and of abnormalities in surrounding structures in patients with non-visualization of the kidney or delayed contrast excretion of the ureter, as seen on delayed IVU urogram.
Artifacts ; Diagnosis ; Dilatation ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Incidence ; Kidney ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pelvis ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Tract ; Urography* ; Vesicovaginal Fistula

Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) is a systemic disease of unknown etiology. Its main pathology is vasculitis and serositis, due to deposition of the immune complex or antibodies. Most findings are nonspecific ; abdominal manifestations include enteritis, hepatomegaly, pancreatic enlargement, serositis, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly,nephritis, interstitial cystitis, and thrombophlebitis. We described radiologic findings of various organinvolvement of SLE; digestive system, serosa, reticuloendothelial system, urinary system, and venous system.Diagnosis of SLE was done according to the criteria of American Rheumatism Association. Understanding of thevariable imaging findings in SLE may be helpful for the early detection of abdominal involvement andcomplications.
Antibodies ; Antigen-Antibody Complex ; Cystitis, Interstitial ; Digestive System ; Enteritis ; Hepatomegaly ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic* ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Mononuclear Phagocyte System ; Pathology ; Rheumatic Diseases ; Serositis ; Serous Membrane ; Thrombophlebitis ; Vasculitis

PURPOSE: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography(CT) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)in the staging of rectosigmoid carcinoma according to the new AJCC classification. MATERIALS AND METHODS: BetweenAugust 1997 and October 1998, 36 patients with pathologically proven rectosigmoid carcinoma who underwent preoperative CT and MRI were evaluated. CT scans were performed with spiral CT in 27 cases and with conventional CT in nine. In all cases, MR images were obtained using a 1.5T unit and a body arrayed coil. T1- and T2-weightedimages were obtained in axial, sagittal, and coronal planes. On the basis of the results of CT scanning and MRI,tumor stage was determined by two radiologists using the AJCC cancer staging manual(1997). They reached aconsensus and compared their results with the pathologic stage. The T-stage was T1 in three cases, T2 in two, T3in 26, and T4 in five. The N-stage was N0 in 16 cases, N1 in seven, and N2 in 13. RESULTS: In the case of CT, thediagnostic accuracy of T-staging was 67%, and that of N-staging, 44%. For MRI, the corresponding figures were 83%and 67%. For T-staging, MRI was more accurate than CT(P=0.006), but for N-staging, the diagnostic accuracy of CT and MRI was statistically equivalent (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: MRI using a body arrayed coil is a useful preoperative diagnostic tool for the local staging of rectosigmoid carcinoma.
Classification* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Neoplasm Staging ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: To determine the effect of contrast injection rate on rabbit liver enhancement and the optimaltem-poral window for dual-phase spiral CT of rabbit liver at each injection rate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Usingspiral CT, seven New Zealand White rabbits underwent dynamic scanning at one level of liver. Three protocols ofcontrast injection rates were employed, namely 0.3 ml/sec(group 1), 1ml/sec(group 2) and 2 ml/sec(group 3). During120 seconds of total scan time, the scan interval was 3 seconds. Densities of the aorta, liver and portal veinwere averaged in equivalent time. The different injection rate protocols were compared for peak enhancement/timeon a time density curve. RESULTS: Mean peak enhancement (HU) in equivalent time(secs) was 310/18(group 1),383/9(group 2) and 357/6(group 3) in the aorta ; 34/36, 40/36 and 41/30 in the liver ; and 135/36, 153/24 and170/21 in the portal vein. The temporal window during the arterial phase was 12-21 sec(group 1), 6-12 sec(group2), and 6-12 sec(group 3). The temporal window during the portal phase was from 30 sec(0.3ml/sec), 21sec(1ml/sec)and 21 sec(2 ml/sec). CONCLUSION: During dual-phase spiral CT, the temporal window for liver scanningshould be determined according to each contrast injection rate. A slow contrast injection rate prolongs thetemporal window during the arterial phase.
Aorta ; Liver* ; Portal Vein ; Rabbits ; Tomography, Spiral Computed*