The echocardiographic features of Tetralogy of Fallot were analysed on 102 patients with Tetralogy of Fallot, proven by cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography. The dimension of the cardiac chambers and the relationship of contiguous structures were determined by M-mode scanning technics. The most characteristic echocardiographic finding of Tetralogy of Fallot was abrupt ending of the interventricular septal echoes with the aorta overriding the ventricular septal defect, and this was present in 94 patients (92%). Additional echocardiographic features were widening of the ascending aorta (82%), right ventricular enlargement (81%), narrowing of the right ventricular outflow tract (100%), hypertrophy of the interventricular septum (60%), dispoprortionate septal thickening (41%) and decrement of left erntricular size (60%). Tetralogy of Fallot can be diagnosed by these combinations of echocardiographic features. The degree of aortic overriding had no correlation with the left ventricular dimension at end-diastole. (r=0.14). The pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio (Qp/Qs) was correlated with the echocardiographic left atrial-to-aortic root diameter ratio (A/Ao), and a relatively poor correlation (r=0.21) was found.
Angiocardiography ; Aorta ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Echocardiography* ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Tetralogy of Fallot*

We experienced a case of anterior mediastinal teratoma in 26 month old boy with 2 month history of cough and dyspnea. The diagnosis was easily established by chest CAT which revealed calcific densities, while plane radiographs of chest revealed no evidence of calcification. Operation was done with good result and remained in good condition thereafter. A brief review of the related literature was made on this subject.
Anemia ; Animals ; Cats ; Child, Preschool ; Cough ; Diagnosis ; Dyspnea ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome* ; Male ; Teratoma ; Thorax ; Thrombocytopenia

We experienced a case of anterior mediastinal teratoma in 26 month old boy with 2 month history of cough and dyspnea. The diagnosis was easily established by chest CAT which revealed calcific densities, while plane radiographs of chest revealed no evidence of calcification. Operation was done with good result and remained in good condition thereafter. A brief of the related literature was made on this subject.
Animals ; Cats ; Child, Preschool ; Cough ; Diagnosis ; Dyspnea ; Humans ; Male ; Teratoma* ; Thorax

A case of lacunar skull associated with meningomyelocele, spina bifida, kyphcsis on thoracolumbar area, hydrocephalus, bilateral club foot and paralysis of lower extremities at birth was reported. Diagnosis was made by X-ray of skull, whole spine, upper and lower extremities. On skull X-ray film, multiple small area of round rarefaction surrounded by arborizing pattern of bony ridge was visualized on both parietal area. On autopsy, outer table of the parietal bone was smooth and inner table of the parietal area was irregular and rough due to bony defect which was surrounded by bony ridges. A brief review of the literautre on lacunar skull is given.
Autopsy ; Diagnosis ; Foot ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Infant, Newborn ; Lower Extremity ; Meningomyelocele ; Paralysis ; Parietal Bone ; Parturition ; Rabeprazole ; Skull* ; Spinal Dysraphism ; Spine ; X-Ray Film

Pateat urachus is a uncommon disease and it has a good prognosis if there is no combired major anomaly and evidence of malignancy. This paper presents one case of patent urachus which was found and removed surgically during the neonatal period. A brief review of related literatures is also presented.
Prognosis ; Urachus*

Lupus nephritis is one of major complications of systemic lupus erythematosus, which determine the outcome of the disease. A case of lupus nephritis was admitted to our pediatric department and renal biopsy was done, which reveraled membranophroliferative type in electron-microscopy. He was treated with prednisone only and responded well in urinary findings. Now, he is maintained with low dose prednisone.
Biopsy ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; Lupus Nephritis* ; Prednisone

Jaundice may be present at birth or appears at any time during the neonatal period, depending on the responsible condition and it should be considered for the infant a sign of risk with the degree of danger. Jaundice may represent dependent on factors that effect the production. Metabolism, excretion, and distribution of bilirubin after birth. So physical and hematological observation was performed on the 85 newborn infants who were treated phototherapy and phenobarbital therapy in Korea National Veterans Hospital in one year period, from March 1, 1980 to February 28, 1981. The following results are obtained 1) The highest monthly incidence was seen in June with 18 cases(21.1%). 2) The most common delivery type was cesarean section with 51 cases(60.0%). 3) The peak serum bilirubin value was reached 4days and incidence was estimated(41.2%). At that time, the nean value of serum bilirubin level estimated is 14.9%mg%. 4) No relationship0 between birth weight, mohter's parity, and serum bilirubin level. 5) The relationship between serum bilirubin level and gestational age, the premature infants appeared a highly increased level of serum bilirubin. 6) Conditions with low hemoglobin level and platelet counts revealed elevation tendency of serum bilirubin level. But no clear relationship between serum bilirubin level and reticulocyte counts.
Bilirubin ; Birth Weight ; Cat-Scratch Disease* ; Cesarean Section ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Hospitals, Veterans ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Jaundice ; Jaundice, Neonatal ; Korea ; Metabolism ; Parity ; Parturition ; Phenobarbital ; Phototherapy ; Platelet Count ; Pregnancy ; Reticulocyte Count

Serum cholinesterase and other commonly employed function tests were determined in 12 patients with nephrotic syndrome, 17 patients with infectious hepatitis and 7 patients with acute glomerulonephritis who were available for se5rial studies the evaluation of which was helpful in diagnosis, management and prognosis of various disease. The results were as follows. 1) Serum cholinesterase activity in patients with nephrotic syndrome was much higher than normal. Thereafter the activity progressively turned into the normal. Value associated with improvement of the values of other function tests and clinical courses in case which responded positively to treatment. 2) In patients with infectious hepatitis serum cholinesterase was lower than the normal value but the steadily rose from low to normal value according to improvement of clinical courses. In two patients with postnecrotic cirrhosis and toxic hepatitis the activity was much lower than normal but other function tests showed normal range. 3) Serum cholinesterase in patients with glomerulonephritis showed atypical charges during clinical courses.
Cholinesterases* ; Diagnosis ; Drug-Induced Liver Injury ; Fibrosis ; Glomerulonephritis ; Hepatitis A ; Humans ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Prognosis ; Reference Values

The authors reviewed 312 pediatric convulsive patients admitted to the Department of Pediatrics Jeonbug national University Hospital during the last 3 years period from Sep. 1st, 1978 to Aug. 31st. 1981. The clinical and statistical results were obtained as follows. 1) Of the total 312 pediatric convulsive patients, the patients over 6 years of age and preschool children between 2 years and 6 years occupid 31.4% each, with the sex ratio male to female, 1.5 : 1. 2) The most common cause of convulsions was Meningitis(27.3%), which was followed by Encephalitis(19.2%), Febrile convulsion(15.7%), Idiopathic Epilepsy(9.6%), in order of frequency. 3) The most common cause of convulsions in the neonatal period was Neonatal Tetanus(41.7%), which was followed by Birth Trauma(17.7%), Meningitis(14.7%). 4) Meningitis was most common in children from 1 month to 2 years, and Encephalitis in children over 2 years. 5) The most common cause of Febrile Convulsion was Pharyngotonsillitis(42.9%), which was followed by Pneumonia(32.6%), Acute Gastroenteritis(14.9%). 6) The mortality rate of convulsive patients was 5.5%.
Child* ; Child, Preschool ; Encephalitis ; Female ; Humans ; Jeollabuk-do ; Male ; Meningitis ; Mortality ; Parturition ; Pediatrics ; Seizures ; Seizures, Febrile ; Sex Ratio

A study was made to see the family back ground abandonment of mother's right, clinical and laboratory examination(urinalysis, blood examination, tuberculous skin test, VDRL, PKU screening test and chest X-ray) on 1,793 infants and children in an institure for foreign adoption. The results were as follows: 1) Gilrs were much more predominant than boys with male to female ratio of 1 : 2.3. 2) Most of them were Korean and only ten were mixed blood, Five were Korean-white, five were Korean-negro. 3) Most of them were under one year of age(70%). 4) Mid-wife delivery was the most common birth place among known ones. 5) Most of deliveries were normal full term delivery(46.9%). 6) There was no difference in monthly distribution. Duration of admission was 2~3 months usually. 7) concerning the family background, most of them were unknown, 432 of them(24.8%) were from unmarried mother, 397 from married mother, and founding, parents dead or left home, divorced and unmarried father in order of decreasing frequency. 8) Age of mothers, between 21~25 years was most frequent. Most of unmarried mothers were between 20~22 years of age. 9) In order of birth, most of them were between 3~5th children. 10) Disease pattern; Upper respiratory tract disease was the most common, and diarrhea was the next. Skin and mucous membrane disease were frequently seen. There were 12 cases of tuberculosis and 18 cases of congenital syphilis. There developed 15 cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. 11) On routine laboratory examination, there noted 85 cases of positive TB sin test, 18 cases of positive VDRL reaction. No positive case in PKU screening test.
Child* ; Child, Institutionalized ; Diarrhea ; Divorce ; Female ; Humans ; Illegitimacy ; Infant ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Mothers ; Mucous Membrane ; Parents ; Parturition ; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis ; Residence Characteristics ; Respiratory Tract Diseases ; Skin ; Skin Tests ; Syphilis, Congenital ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis