At the turn of the centry. European and American ophthalmologists began describing the curious set of physical findings that has become known as Duane's retraction syndrome. In 1905 Alexander Duane defined six characteristics in the affected eye: 1) decreased abduction. 2) decreased adduction. 3) retraction into the orbit on adduction. 4) oblique elevation or depression on adduction. 5) partial closure of the eyelids on adduction, and 6) deficient convergence. We experienced two cases of Duane's retraction syndrome from the Kang Nam St. Mary's Hospital in Apr, 1982. Tile first case, 3 yrs old boy was not operated due to orthotropic appearance at primary position, and the case. 21 yrs old female was operated due to severe esotropia.
Depression ; Duane Retraction Syndrome* ; Esotropia ; Eyelids ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Orbit

Convergence spasm is characterized by esotropia at near fixation in otherwise orthophoria or possibly exotropia at distance. A sustained convergence is usually associated with spasm of accomodation. This syndrome classically includes induced myopia, miosis of accomodation, esotropia and diplopia which increase at near fixation. A spasm of convergence of organic origin is very rare indeed but has been in central nervous system diseases of irritative type such as meningitis, encephalitis and post-encephalitic states. This condition may be seen in hysteria and traumatic neurosis. The case reported in the following was an 11 year old boy who presented with hysterical convergence spasm associated with an increase in accomodation, miosis and nystagmus at near fixation.
Central Nervous System Diseases ; Child ; Diplopia ; Encephalitis ; Esotropia ; Exotropia ; Humans ; Hysteria ; Male ; Meningitis ; Miosis ; Myopia ; Spasm*

The authors experienced of two cases of steroid-induced glaucoma, the one was developed both systemic administration of corticosteroids and topical application of it on the face for 15 years, and the other was developed by topical instillation of corticosteroids in the eye for 20 years respectively. The clinical and literary review were made upon its pathogenesis and treatment.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Glaucoma*

Retinoblastoma is a rare, congenital, malignant tumor that arises from the retina. It is the most common intraocular tumor occurring during childhood. Retinoblastoma usually remains unnoticed until it has advanced far enough to produce a white pupil. But it may manifest as a painful, red, tearing eye due to secondary glaucoma. The most common mechanism inducing secondary glaucoma in retinoblastoma is neovascularization of iris with peripheral anterior synechiae formation. The next common mechanism is massive exudative retinal detachment causing pupillary block and angle closure. Uveitis and/or necrotic tumor tissue in anterior chamber acn contribute to the development of secondary glaucoma. A 9 month old Korean boy was seen to have somewhat enlarged cornea with massive exudation in anterior chamber OS. Intraocular pressure was 27.4 mmHg OS. The C-T scan was done because of hazy media OS. and showed calcification within left eye. Left eye was enucleated and found to have retinoblastoma which was confirmed microscopically.
Anterior Chamber ; Cornea ; Glaucoma* ; Humans ; Infant ; Intraocular Pressure ; Iris ; Male ; Pupil ; Retina ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinoblastoma* ; Tears ; Uveitis

We experiened a case of electrical retinopathy, following industrial electrocution. The patient complained of acute visual loss due to corneal edema, anterior chamber reaction, lens opacities, vitrons reaction, retinopathy and secondary glaucoma. The visual acuity was improved during hospital day and short term after discharge period, but worsened,eventually by progressive anterior chamber and posterior segment pathologies, that is lens opacities and optic atrophy etc, We Performed several ocular examinations, including visual field, fundus phetography and fluorescein angiography during admission and follow-up pericd. A brief review of the literature is described.
Anterior Chamber ; Cataract ; Corneal Edema ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Optic Atrophy* ; Pathology ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Fields

A case of retinoblastoma and Coats' disease in the same eye is presented. Coexisitence of the retinoblastoma and Coats' disease is very rarely seen, though the retinoblastoma or the Coats' disease are not uncommon diseases. After the enucleatIon under the clinical diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the careful histopathological study disclosed the unusual findings of a typical Coats' disease containing predominent telangiectasis adjacent to the undifferentiated retinoblastoma cell mass. Differentiation of Coats' disease to the so-called Coats' reaction associated with a certain retinal disorders is emphasized on the histological view point.
Diagnosis ; Retinaldehyde ; Retinoblastoma* ; Telangiectasis

29 years old male patient with the chief complaint of decreased visual acuity of both eyes visited our ophthalmic department on May 18th, 1981. The duration of the symptoms was about 3 months. He was diagnosed as idiopathic multiple central serous chorioretinopathy and treated with conservative measures including corticosteroid hormone for about 3 months. The results are as follows: 1) The visual acuities of both eyes on initial visit(O.D: 0.1 O.S: 0.9) were improved to 1. 0(O.U). 2) Central scotomas were almost disappeared. 3) No active staining on repeated fluorescein examination was seen. 4) Loss of all serous fluid under the sensory retina and complete flattening of the retina were noted.
Adult ; Central Serous Chorioretinopathy* ; Fluorescein ; Humans ; Male ; Retina ; Scotoma ; Visual Acuity

The cilio-retinal artery appears on the temporal side of the optic disc margin and is concerned with the supply of the portion between the optic disc and the macula. So, the cilio-retinal artery preserves vision when occlusion of the central retinal artery occurs. The aberrant macular artery is very rare and in most of the cases have been derived from the inferior temporal arterial or venous trunks. When this artery is appeared, the corrected vision is normal but sometimes diminished. The authors have experienced two aberrant retinal vessels of a large cilio-retinal artery and aberrant macular artery combined with the Stargardt's maculopathies. It was reviewed clinically with the literature.
Arteries ; Retinal Artery ; Retinal Vessels* ; Retinaldehyde*

Retinitis Punctata Albescens is a condition characterized by night blindness and the presence of multiple small discrete white dots scattered over the fundus except in the macular area. Progressive form is progressive loss of the visual field, deterioration of central vision, anomalies of color vision, night blindness, some optic atrophy and occasionally appearance of pigmentary changes. Stationary form is benign evolution, little or no constriction of the visual field, good visual acuity and the presence of white dots in the fundus without pigmentary changes. Recently, the authors have been experienced Retinitis Punctata Albescens in 50-year-old male whose complaint was night blindness and slight impairment of visual acuity. Clinical, ophthalmoscopic examination, visual field test, color vision test, fluorescein angiography and electroretinography were performed in patient.
Color Vision ; Constriction ; Electroretinography ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Night Blindness ; Optic Atrophy ; Retinitis* ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Field Tests ; Visual Fields

The vitreoretinopathy with familial tendency was first described by V.G.Criswick and C.L. Schepens in 1969. The disease is slowly progressive and can be clinically grouped into 3 stages according to the severity of ocular manifestation. The etiology of this disease which is similar to the other vitreoretinopathy without the history of prematurity and oxygen supply is unknown. Two sibling patients suggesting to have the familial exudative vitreoretinopathy were reported and reviewed herein with their clinical features.
Humans ; Oxygen ; Siblings