Aqueous drainage devices have been used to treat refractory glaucoma with poor prognosis, but it has been described with valved implants and non-valved implants that their complications are hypotony, shallow anterior chamber, hyphema, suprachoroidal hemorrhage, endothelial touch by tube and the blockage of tube with fibrin, iris or vitreous. We used the Ahmed galucoma vlave implant to control the intraocular pressure in the aphakic eye with prior penetrating keratoplasty. Although the blockage of tube with vitreous was developed in first postoperative day, we successfully removed that blockage by total vitrectomy.
Anterior Chamber ; Corneal Transplantation* ; Drainage ; Fibrin ; Glaucoma* ; Hemorrhage ; Hyphema ; Intraocular Pressure ; Iris ; Keratoplasty, Penetrating ; Prognosis ; Vitrectomy*

To obtain adequate information of illumination and lens types for visual acuity test of low vision patient, the relation between various illumination and vision was evaluated. Visual acuity for near and effective lens types were examined. Among the 28 patients (of 36 eyes), intensities of illumination were set at 200, 500, 1000 and 2000lux and the lenses of biconvex, aspheric and aplanatic were tested. The best visible range of illumination for the low vision patients was 500-1000lux, with lower power diopter for the same visual acuity and with aspherin and aplantic lenses. Results attained by our study may be applied for appropriate condition of illumiation and type of lens in the low vision care.
Humans ; Lighting* ; Vision, Low ; Visual Acuity*

Anterior transposition(AT) of inferior oblique muscle is an effective method to treat dissociated vertical deviation(DVD) with inferior oblique overaction(IOOA). We evaulated the clinical results of the AT and the correlation between preoperative conditions(DVD, IOOA) and postoperative vertical correction. The results was that the amount of anterior transposition was related with that of postoperative vertical correction, which was determined by the amount of preoperative DVD.

Cyclotorsion is a well known feature of oblique muscle disorders in the eye, usually associated with vertical and/or horizontal strabismus. Its presence and amount of deviation are not easy to detect, therefore requiring more sensitive and accurate tests. But the present measuring devices such as the double Maddox rod test and Bagolini lens test, known to be the standard tests used for cyclodeviation in these days have some limitations. We developed a new computerized test for the measurement of cyclodeviation that remedies the weak points of the existing tests. The cyclotorsion at any eye position can be measured accurately. It is based on subjective response of the examinee. The examinee wears the red-green glasses and identifies when the two lines on the monitor are parellel while the examiner rotates the red or green line with keystroke of computer keyboard. It is possible to test the deviations in all directions. We hope this computerized application will be accepted widely as an useful subjective torsion test in near future.
Eyeglasses ; Glass ; Hope ; Muscular Diseases ; Strabismus

Ectopic macula is a condition in which the macula is displaced markedly from its normal position. It can be unilateral or bilateral, and the macula can be displaced in any direction, though it is displaced temporally in more than 90% cases. The occurrence of small variation of the position of the macula in relation to the pupillary axis of the eye is evidenced by the variability of the angle K. The most common cause of ectopic macula is probably retinopathy of prematurity and other causes are trauma, chorioretinitis, and angioma. The authors experienced six patients who had ectopic macula. They presented apparent exptropia on Hirschberg test, but no fixation movement on cover test. Fundus examination showed temporal displacement of macula and traction vessel. Pseudoexotropia result from positive angle kappa. It is dangerous to measure the deviation amount by only Hirschberg test or Krimsky test for the uncooperated young patients who have history of prematurity especially. We must check the fundus photographs. With regards to cosmetic surery, each case must be handled individually. Evaluation should include age, visual acuity, the status of binocular vision, and the angle of squint.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Chorioretinitis ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Retinopathy of Prematurity ; Strabismus ; Traction ; Vision, Binocular ; Visual Acuity

We assessed the degree of mydriasis induced by 1% tropicamide and 2.5% phenylephrine compared with that induced by 1% tropicamide and 10% phenylephrine in 100 patients with diabetes. Additionally we studied the difference of pupillary dilatation according to duration of dibetes, severity of retinopathy, and performance of photocoagulation. Maximum dilated pupillary diameter was 7.25+/-1.27mm in 2.5% phenylephrine group and 7.32+/-1.36mm in 10% phenylephrine group, respectively the difference in pupillary dilatation between two groups was not statistically significant. We advise the use of the 2.5% phenylephrine in patients with diabetes, who already exhibit a higher prevalence of vascular disease and autonomic nerve system dysfunction because 2.5% phenylephrine may produce a lower incidence of side effects than 10% concentration and have the same effect of pupil dilatation as 10% phenylephrine.
Autonomic Pathways ; Dilatation* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Light Coagulation ; Mydriasis ; Phenylephrine* ; Prevalence ; Pupil ; Tropicamide ; Vascular Diseases

High-dose methylprednisolone (MP) has been shown to play an important role in traumatic optic nerve injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate histopathologic changes of the injured optic nerve with time course after experimental trauma to the optic nerve had been induced. The optic nerve trauma was made by rotating the eyeball in rabbits. Twelve rabbits were divided into three groups (Group 1; 2 weeks, Group 2; 1 month, and Group 3; 2 months) according to time course after MP administration. Each group comprised of control group and treatment group. MP significantly reduced damage of the myelinated nerve and gliosis in comparision with the control group, when MP was administered IV immediately after trauma in the treatment group at a bolus of 30mg/kg, two times for 3 days, with a subsequent continuous MP infusion at 30mg/kg for 4 days. And massive gliosis and damage of the myelinated nerve in the control group were oberserved on electron microscopy. However, we could not find PMNLs, macrophages, and proliferation of fibroblast in both the control group and treatment group. It is possible that high-dose MP protects further damage of the injured optic nerve and that the beneficial effect is partially due to its antioxidant rather than its anti-inflammatory effect. This histopathologic study indicated that high-dose MP might improve the neurological outcome in the injured optic nerve.
Fibroblasts ; Gliosis ; Macrophages ; Methylprednisolone* ; Microscopy, Electron ; Myelin Sheath ; Optic Nerve Injuries ; Optic Nerve* ; Rabbits

We analyzed the outcome of primary trabeculectomy performed with intraoperative 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) sponge application on episclera and under lamella scleral flap in seventeen uncomplicated glaucoma eyes. The mean preoperative intraocular pressure(IOP) was 36.8+/-11.0mmHg. The mean postoperative IOP was 14.2+/-3.5mmHg after mean follow-up of 11.4 months. Two eyes required additional anti-glaucoma medications. Compliations included chronic hypotony(1 eye), shallow anterior chamber(2 eyes), and hyphema (1 eye). No eye showed corneal problems, hypotonic maculopathy, and bleb leakage. This study suggests that a single intraoperative use of 5-FU in primary trabeculectomy is an effective way of improving IOP control and of decreasing complications in eyes with uncomplicated glaucoma.
Blister ; Fluorouracil* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma ; Hyphema ; Porifera ; Trabeculectomy*

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical factors in eye with continued appositional angle closure in the presence of a patent iridectomy and the clinical avaiability of argon laser peripheral iridoplasty(ALPI). In this study we retrospectively reviewed the outcome in 59 eyes of 32 patients who underwent iridectomy. After Dark Room Prone-position Test(DRPT), 15 eyes among 59 eyes(25.4%) showed DRPT positive and ALPI was successfully performed in 13 eyes among these 15 eyes(86.7%). Patients with DRPT positive were younger than those with DRPT negative. One eye had postoperative complication; iritis more than 1 week. In this study it was found that Argon lader peripheral iridoplasty is a Safe and an effective means of opening an appositionally closed angle in situations in which laser ridotomy does not physically eliminate appositional angle closure.
Argon* ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure* ; Humans ; Iridectomy ; Iritis ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies

Crystalline retinopathy is a tapetoretinal degeneration characterized by glistening yellow intraretinal crystals in the posterior pole, chorioidal sclerosis, and corneal crystalline dystrophy. We have recently encountered a 36 year-old female patient with bilateral intraretinal crystalline depositions who presented with a complaint of visual disturbance in her right eye for the last six months. Typical fundus findings of crystalline deposition in the posterior pole, tapetoretinal dysfunctions in the electrophysiologic tests and choriocapillaris filling defects in the fluorescein angiogram suggest that this the disorder is a widespread choriocapillaris and tapetoretinal disorder. There are no significant abnormal findings in serologic and radiologic examinations.
Adult ; Crystallins* ; Female ; Fluorescein ; Humans ; Retinitis Pigmentosa ; Sclerosis